【歸納】省略句語法知識系統(tǒng)歸納

1、學問點大全省略句語法學問系統(tǒng)歸納定義省略是為了防止重復、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段 ；一、并列復合句中的省略在并列句中，相同的成分如主語，謂語，賓語等都可以省略：The boy picked up a coin in the road and the boy handed it to a policeman. Your advice made me happy butyour advice made Tom angry .Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary must have beendoing her homewo

2、rk.Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao was born in 1963.二、主從復合句中的省略1. 定語從句 中的省略：1) 在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞that ,which , whom可以省略；而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞which , whom不行以省略；Is this reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. Tom whom you saw yesterday fell ill. whom可以省 Tom , wh

3、om you saw yesterday ,fell ill. whom不行以省 2) 在口語和非正式用語中，關系副詞when ,where ,和 why 常常用 that來代替，甚至仍可省略；如：a) This is the first time when/thathe had trouble with the boss.這是他第一次麻煩老板；b) He wants tofinda good place where/thatwe can have a picnic duringthe“ golden week ” holiday他.想找一個能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方；c) Could you

4、 tell us the reason why/thathe was so unhappy .你能告知我們他為什么如此不興奮嗎 .3) 當先行詞為表示方式的the way時 ，從句不能用 how來引導 ，應當用 that或 in which， 或將它們全部省略；如：I don't like the way that/in which you laugh at her.我不喜愛你嘲笑他的行為；2. 狀語從句 中的省略：（1） 當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一樣時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be；Once he wasa worker ,Pang Long now becomes a f

5、amous singer .He looked everywhere as if he wasin search of something .While he was holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected .Olympic gold medallist hurdler

6、Liu Xiang opened his lips as if he were to speak；一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多顯現(xiàn)在以下五種狀語從句中：1由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引導的時間狀語從句 ; 2由 whether ,if , unless 等引導的條件狀語從句 ;3由 though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引導的讓步狀語從句 ; 4由 as ,than 等引導的比較狀語從句 ;5由 as, as if , as though 等引導的方式狀語從句；（2） 當從句的主語和主句

7、的賓語一樣時，間或也有這樣的省略；Her father told her to be careful when she wascrossing the street.（3） 當從句的主語是it ，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be 時，可以把it 和系動詞 be 一起省略；Unless it is necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.3. 賓語從句中的省略（1） 在及物動詞后面所接的賓語從句中，連詞that一般可以省略 ;但假如及物動詞后面是由 that 引導的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個that 可以省略；

8、如：I think that the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary.He said thatthe Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.（2） 由 which , when ,where , how, 和 why 引導的賓語從句，可以全部或部分省略；如：I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city bu

9、t I don t know when he will come to our city.學問點大全He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why he wants to move abroad.4. 在與 suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關的 名詞性從句 中，須用虛擬語氣形式“ should動+詞原形 ”，should 可以省略；如：Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture

10、Year should last long in various forms.5. 主句省略 多用于句首，在答語中，主句可全部省略；It is a Pity that I didn t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.Why were you absent from school last Friday .I was absent from schoolBecause my mother was ill.三、簡潔句中的省略1. 省略主語1) 祈使句中的主語通常被省略如：You Open the door,please.2) 其它省略主語多限于

11、現(xiàn)成的說法如：I Thank you for your help . ItDoesn t matter.2. 省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分如：There is No smoking. Is thereanything else .You comeThis way please.Will you Have a smoke .3. 省略賓語 如：Do you know Mr. Li . I don t know him.4. 省略表語 如：Are you thirsty .Yes , I am thirsty.5. 同時省略幾個成分如：Are you feeling better now.I am

12、feeling Much better now .I wish Good luck to you .四、動詞不定式省略， 只保留 to 的場合1. 不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常見的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage 等；如： You should have thanked her before you left .

13、I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere. You can do it this way if you like to .2. 不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時，這些動詞常見的有：ask , tell,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn等；如 ：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told hi

14、m not to. She wants to come but her pa rents won t allow her to come.3. 不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時，常見的形容詞有： happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready等；如： I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat . Not at all.I would be happy to look after your cat.4. 不定式作某些復合謂語時，常見結構如： be ab

15、le to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等；如：He doesn t like fish but he used to他現(xiàn)在不喜愛吃魚，但過去喜愛；五、動詞不定式 to 的省略1. 主語部分有 to do , 系動詞 is 或 was 時 ，作表語的不定式通常省去 to；如： The only thing you have to do is press the button.2. 作介詞 but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實意動詞 do 時，不定式通常省去 to. 如： He said that Chen Shuibi

16、an had nothing to do except push a pro- “ independence ” timetable. 3.主語部分暗含 to do ，表語中的不定式通常省去 to；如：All I want to do is go to school and study hard .4.當兩個或多個不定式并列時， 其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關系時不行省略；如：It is easier to say than to do .5.在 would rather than等結構中，不定式符號常常要省略. 如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.6.在 see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe等詞后作賓語補足語時省略不定式符號to;why not do結構 中, 不定式不帶 to；如：I saw her enter the