高考英語閱讀長難句的分類與解析[1]

1、1： a mere hundred species (物種) are the basis of our food supply，of which but twenty carry the load.wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of，which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge f

2、arming areas.(2008全國卷一e篇)譯文：只有約100種物種為我們提供食物基礎(chǔ)，其中只有20種承擔(dān)著供應(yīng)人類食物的重?fù)?dān)。wilson建議通過調(diào)查研究一萬種可以被利用的物種來改變這種現(xiàn)狀，這樣做可以減少人類為了增加耕種面積而開墾動植物的自然家園的做法。解析：第二句是一個(gè)含有多層結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。第一層結(jié)構(gòu)：wilson suggests changing .by looking .。第2個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是第二層結(jié)構(gòu)代替changing .use of。另外，that could be made use of 也是句子的第一層，作定語，修飾species。第三層結(jié)構(gòu)是不定

3、式 to reduce .，它作定語修飾 a way。 第四層結(jié)構(gòu)是不定式 to enlarge .，它作目的狀語，修飾clearing。2： this process is also found among scholars and authors： a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to questio

4、n the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.(2008天津d篇)譯文：在學(xué)者和作者中，我們也常常會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)過程：一個(gè)作者陳述的觀點(diǎn)有可能會被另外一位作者重述，然后他的重述或許又會被另一個(gè)作者引用。這個(gè)過程會繼續(xù)下去，除非有人質(zhì)疑原作者的觀點(diǎn)所根據(jù)的事實(shí)或者是對原作者對這些事實(shí)的解釋提出異議。解析：根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，我們可以確定該句主干是第一句話，即冒號前面的部分。冒號后面的部分是對主句的進(jìn)一步解釋。在該

5、解釋中，用分號分隔開兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。第一個(gè)句子中又用了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。第二個(gè)句子中用了一個(gè)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句中it是形式主語，to question .or to challenge .是真正的主語。它們的賓語分別又有一個(gè)定語從句來修飾，即：the facts on which .，the interpretation (that) he placed .。3： the thing i like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into th

6、e pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods.(2008天津b篇)譯文：對于它們我最喜歡的是你的錢拿去辦好事的，而不是進(jìn)了營利公司的口袋，你不是在破壞這個(gè)地球，而是在為那些人們不需要的商品找到一個(gè)新的去處。解析：該句表語從句部分用了兩個(gè)并列的句子：第一個(gè)that your money .，第二個(gè)句子是you are not .but finding .。4： the real attractions of the

7、 hollowell farm to me were its position，being about two miles from the village，half a mile from the nearest neighbor，bounded(相鄰) on one side by the river，and separated from the highway by a wide field.(2008四川卷e篇)譯文：霍洛韋爾農(nóng)場真正吸引我的地方是它的位置，它離村子大約兩英里，離最近的鄰居半英里，一邊臨小河，另一邊又有一大塊寬闊的田野把它與公路隔開。解析：該句主干是“主語 + 系表結(jié)構(gòu)

8、”，從being到句末是position的同位語。理解了該句的主干   5： the lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment (環(huán)境)means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008遼寧卷c篇)譯文：在他們很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在學(xué)校，缺少合適的男性榜樣，這就意味著

9、他們只好對照自己的同齡人來評判自己。解析：該句中破折號中間部分可以先略過不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：the lack .means that .。that 從句中又包含一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞whom或that的定語從句，即they have to judge themselves against，它修飾先行詞the only people。通過6： her workthought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theoryresulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip

10、sharks off florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.(2008天津c篇)譯文：她的研究，被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)測試壓力理論的研究，是來自于一次對于初生黑鰭鯊的觀察。在2001年，在一次強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴來臨之前，這些黑鰭鯊被觀察到從弗羅里達(dá)海岸游到較深的水域。解析：該句中破折號中間部分可以先略過不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：her work .resulted from the observation .。然后再理解細(xì)節(jié)部分：thought .是補(bǔ)充說明的成分，作非限定性定語，修飾主語her work。 that

11、 從句是說明observation具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句。7： it was then that i realized that i had not really come to help，but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world._(2008四川a篇)譯文：到那時(shí)候，我才意識到我并非真的來幫助他人，而是來了解和體驗(yàn)另一種文化，這種文化有助于提高我對生活和世界的理解。解析：該句主干用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 it was th

12、en that i realized .，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間then。原句順序應(yīng)該是：i realized .then。在該句第二層結(jié)構(gòu)中，即that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，又用了一個(gè) not .but .句式連接。該句的第三層結(jié)構(gòu)是culture后面that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，它修飾 culture。8、when a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a tan say he didnt know his fri

13、ends marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa 該句后半句實(shí)際上包含有四個(gè)賓語從句和一個(gè)狀語從句，hear后跟賓語從句，省略引導(dǎo)詞(that)，這個(gè)賓語從句中動詞say又帶了一個(gè)由(that) 引導(dǎo)的分賓語從句。而這個(gè)賓語從中動詞know又帶了一個(gè)仍由(hat)引導(dǎo)的分賓語從句，這個(gè)分賓語從句中有一個(gè)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句句中分詞asking作狀語，后又接了一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，五個(gè)從句盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)。令人眼花繚亂。9he found ou

14、t that kit williams had spent his childhood near ampthill，in bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with katherine of aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in ampthill park and learnt that they had

15、been built in her honor in 1773 此句長達(dá)65個(gè)單詞，結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，句中包括一個(gè)并列句、兩處并列謂語、三個(gè)賓語從句、一個(gè)狀語從句。外加插入成分。在并列句中，but把前后兩個(gè)分句連接起來，前一個(gè)分中有found out和thought兩個(gè)并列謂語后一個(gè)分句中有一個(gè)until導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，該時(shí)間狀語從句中已有came across和learnt兩個(gè)并列謂語。10nother good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, whic

16、h not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oiland work better(nmetl995 c篇) 析：這是一個(gè)含有that引導(dǎo)的表語從句的復(fù)合句。并且表語從句后接了which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句內(nèi)有not onlybut also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：噪音消除系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的另一好處就是沒有必要使用消聲器這不僅減輕了轎車的重量。而且使發(fā)動機(jī)耗油更少，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更好。11we even have different words for some tools, meat i

17、n particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class normans were doing most of the eating (nmet2001d篇) 析：whetheror表示判斷選擇的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，which 引出定語從句，指代前文中的事實(shí)，that引出同位語從句，while引出

18、狀語從旬，表示對比。句意：我們甚至用不同的詞語來表示食物，特別是肉類，取決于它們是否還在田問里，還是即將就廚。這表明撒可遜農(nóng)民干的是農(nóng)活而上層的諾曼人干的是吃喝12a swedish kennel club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in th

19、e accident (nmetl997 c篇) 析：該句前半部分explain接what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：后半部分對此進(jìn)行具體解釋，其中，在主句前后各有一個(gè)if導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。as the owner是插入語。句意：一個(gè)瑞典kennel俱樂部的官員解釋了這項(xiàng)(法律)的含義，如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽車撞了。作為主人。即使你的狗被撞死了，你也要為被撞壞的汽車做出賠償。13first, i have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means i almost have to stand on my hea

20、d，and once found i have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (縮回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won(2005全國i卷e篇) 析：全句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，在前半句中含有which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾整個(gè)主句在定語從句中，means后接賓語從句，意為“首先，我必在葉叢中找到紅的西紅柿，這意味著我差不多要倒立了”。在后半句中once found為一省略they are的時(shí)狀語從句。主句中reach，pick，

21、withdraw為并列謂語動詞，意為“一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)，我必須伸手到底下摘西紅柿，然后縮回來，而不把用這么昂貴的方式得來的獎(jiǎng)品弄丟”。14it is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of internet-connected computers，although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced，the printers start working overti

22、me. that is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the internet 析：此句夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，主干部分為just about anyone can tell you that在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中又含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：由于因特網(wǎng)的使用。計(jì)算機(jī)所使用的紙張的數(shù)量是很難衡量的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人都能告訴你。當(dāng)引進(jìn)電子郵件后，打印機(jī)就開始超時(shí)工作。也就是說近年來人們對于紙張的日

23、益需求主要是由于越來越多的使用因特網(wǎng)。15perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, these words, which i have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of 析：后句包含兩個(gè)定語從句，一個(gè)是由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾words；一個(gè)是由tha

24、t引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾things and ideas。該句意為：這些字是我編造的，必定代表我們沒有想到的事物和主意。16one tiny 9 inch-plant bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. (2005全國i卷e篇) 析：句子主干部分為one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over m

25、uch of my rose bed and。bought短語、covering短語分別作定語和狀語。句意：一個(gè)在春天時(shí)花$125買的九英寸植物已經(jīng)接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆蓋了我的其他植物。正在向前門發(fā)展。17lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attentio

26、n(2005全國i卷d篇1 析：句子主干部分為lewis found that，在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，含有兩個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。修飾 the oldest child和the youngest。句意：萊溫斯發(fā)現(xiàn)在有三、四個(gè)孩子的家庭里，晚餐的談話焦點(diǎn)往往是年齡最大和最小的孩子。最大的總是有許多的東西要說，而最小的則需要最多的關(guān)照。18pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left

27、 in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. (nmet2002春招d篇) 析：第一個(gè)that引出賓語從句，第二個(gè)that引出定語從句。第三個(gè)that引出同位語從句。句意：pasteur發(fā)現(xiàn) (賓語從句) 在酒發(fā)酵之后，再加溫幾分鐘，能殺死殘留在酒中的酵母(定語從句)，其結(jié)果能使酒的保鮮時(shí)間更長(同位語從句。 19what winter knows of the 19-year-old boy who saved his life is only that he died in a

28、 car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (nmet2002春招e篇) 析：在這個(gè)句子中，what引出主語從句。who引出定語從句，is后用that引出兩個(gè)并列表語從句。句意：關(guān)于那個(gè)救了他的命的19歲的人 (定語從句) winter知道的僅僅是，(主語從句) 他死于一場車禍(表語從句1)，他的家人尊重他的意愿把他的器官捐獻(xiàn)出來，用于移植(表語從句2)。20first put forward by the french m

29、athematician pierre de fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a french woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able t study at the ecole polytechnique.

30、 (nmet2003c篇) 析：句子主干部分為the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，過去分詞短語put forward by作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語including作定語，短語中含有兩個(gè)由wh0引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：這個(gè)定理先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難。包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)曾女扮男裝。 21tales from animal hospital will delight all fans of the

31、program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet，whether it be cat, dog or snake! (nmet2003c篇) 析：關(guān)鍵詞：fans愛好者whetheror無論是還是句意：來自動物醫(yī)院(這個(gè)電視節(jié)目)的故事(這本書)，將使這個(gè)電視節(jié)目的愛好者以及對無論是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。22after their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of advent