外文翻譯---基于獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)存在的問題及對策分析

1、.單位代碼 01 學(xué)號 090111044 分 類 號 O24 密 級 文獻(xiàn)翻譯基于獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)存在的問題及對策分析院（系）名稱信息工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)名稱信息與計(jì)算科學(xué) 學(xué)生姓名簡彥林 指導(dǎo)教師唐風(fēng)軍2013年 3 月 1 日;黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(文獻(xiàn)翻譯) 第 12 頁基于獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)存在的問題及對策分析 蔡航峰,丁建波浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)之江學(xué)院，P.R.China，310024caihf摘 要獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是教學(xué)程序中的一個(gè)重要實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)，也是人才培養(yǎng)的一個(gè)主要課程.為了進(jìn)一步提高獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量，諸如缺乏管理制度、導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)不力以及內(nèi)在

2、質(zhì)量差等在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)中出現(xiàn)的類似問題需要加以詳細(xì)分析.從獨(dú)立院校的實(shí)際情況出發(fā)，關(guān)于畢業(yè)論文話題和導(dǎo)師對提高學(xué)生能力的引導(dǎo)的一些對策，應(yīng)該有助于提高獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量.關(guān)鍵詞：本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文），存在問題，對策，獨(dú)立院校1引言在獨(dú)立學(xué)院中，本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)里最重要最集中的實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié).畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量在一定程度上反映了整個(gè)教學(xué)水平、師資力量和學(xué)科建設(shè).提高本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)論設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量是一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)以及獨(dú)立院校內(nèi)涵建設(shè)的具體表現(xiàn)，同時(shí)也是獨(dú)立院校促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的直接動(dòng)力.在2008年，浙江省教育部門第一次抽查了獨(dú)立學(xué)院畢業(yè)生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）.這

3、個(gè)抽查結(jié)果表明：與傳統(tǒng)本科院校相比，獨(dú)立院校的畢業(yè)生所做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）不夠好.為了進(jìn)一步提高獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量，這篇論文會(huì)對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中可能存在的問題作出分析.從獨(dú)立院校的實(shí)際情況出發(fā)，應(yīng)該做出一些對策來提高獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量.2獨(dú)立院校本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）所存在的問題目前，大多數(shù)獨(dú)立院校已經(jīng)致力于增強(qiáng)本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中的教學(xué)和指導(dǎo)環(huán)節(jié)，并且在畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)中建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理系統(tǒng)，這些努力已經(jīng)獲得了一定的成果.然而，我們也應(yīng)該看到，獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的整體水平還不是很高，并且仍然存在問題.主要存在的問題如下所示.2.1

4、缺乏系統(tǒng)管理以及執(zhí)行不力很多獨(dú)立院校對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理系統(tǒng).但是，在不少獨(dú)立院校中，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)施細(xì)則、質(zhì)量控制和安全系統(tǒng)都遠(yuǎn)非完美.尤其，對于畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)的管理過程，一些獨(dú)立院校缺乏一個(gè)有效的途徑，這就導(dǎo)致很多學(xué)生對于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）漠不關(guān)心，而導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)成為一個(gè)純粹的形式.此外，一些獨(dú)立院校不能對畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格把關(guān).而且，由于受到學(xué)生就業(yè)的影響，甚至出現(xiàn)這樣一種現(xiàn)象：很多獨(dú)立院校不惜“犧牲”本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量來完成學(xué)生就業(yè)率.2.2關(guān)于導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)的問題有的指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)師缺乏一種責(zé)任感，而且沒有對本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的完成加以同步規(guī)范，導(dǎo)致一些本科生的畢業(yè)設(shè)

5、計(jì)（論文）未能達(dá)到教學(xué)要求.有的指導(dǎo)老師對學(xué)生做出讓步而不對他們嚴(yán)格要求.而有的指導(dǎo)老師沒有指出和糾正他們的學(xué)生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中的一些明顯錯(cuò)誤，這就導(dǎo)致論文缺乏格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尤其是不完全和不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的引文和參考文獻(xiàn).2.3內(nèi)在質(zhì)量問題2.3.1主題論文主題的某一部分脫離了實(shí)踐，或者背離了他們本身所學(xué)專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo).2.3.2文獻(xiàn)綜述許多學(xué)生不懂如何寫文獻(xiàn)綜述，并且在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)ΜF(xiàn)況研究和發(fā)展趨勢缺乏一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識，大多數(shù)文獻(xiàn)甚至寫與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)本身有關(guān)的內(nèi)容.2.3.3外文翻譯一些學(xué)生的翻譯材料沒能達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且翻譯質(zhì)量很低.此外，許多國外翻譯材料的內(nèi)容與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主題幾乎沒有聯(lián)系.2

6、.3.4論文的規(guī)范格式引文的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不能達(dá)到要求而且格式不統(tǒng)一.論文中的圖表不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn).同時(shí)，畢業(yè)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)中許多指導(dǎo)老師在指導(dǎo)過程中缺乏詳細(xì)的記錄.獨(dú)立學(xué)院、教學(xué)人員和研究部門不能嚴(yán)格地審計(jì)相關(guān)資料.2.3.5論文的質(zhì)量不少學(xué)生論文的結(jié)構(gòu)是不合理的，并且論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯不能進(jìn)一步得以調(diào)整，有的學(xué)生論文上下文以及段落之間缺乏鏈接和過渡成分，還有的學(xué)生論文語言不流利或者邏輯不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，等等.同時(shí)，很多學(xué)生很好的掌握和運(yùn)用專業(yè)的基本理論與技巧.3提高獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）質(zhì)量的對策畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)是最后一個(gè)也是最重要的一個(gè)集中實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié).獨(dú)立學(xué)院必須面對的一個(gè)重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題就是：如何有效地提高本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)

7、計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量，且確保這一重要教學(xué)任務(wù)得以能順利完成.3.1統(tǒng)一思想，提高認(rèn)識獨(dú)立學(xué)院的本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是教學(xué)計(jì)劃的一個(gè)重要的實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)，同時(shí)也是人才培養(yǎng)的一個(gè)主要課程.目前，由于學(xué)院、導(dǎo)師和學(xué)生不能給予足夠重視，所以獨(dú)立學(xué)院的本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量很低.因此，獨(dú)立學(xué)院應(yīng)該充分認(rèn)識本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的重要性，同時(shí)明確指導(dǎo)老師的責(zé)任并且讓他們?nèi)σ愿暗厝ブ笇?dǎo)本科生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）.同時(shí)，關(guān)于畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)的教育工作應(yīng)該得以展開，各種形式的宣傳工作也應(yīng)該得到實(shí)施，這樣才將會(huì)使畢業(yè)生首先關(guān)注于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文），而且也能提高他們對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的意識.3.2選題工作

8、的重要性學(xué)生論文主題的選擇是至關(guān)重要的，它不僅與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量有聯(lián)系，而且與人才培養(yǎng)以及學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力有關(guān).適當(dāng)?shù)闹黝}對于拓寬學(xué)生的知識與培養(yǎng)他們的綜合素質(zhì)大有好處，而且這樣的主題也能增加他們對于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的興趣，從而對于順利完成課程設(shè)計(jì)（論文）奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ).因此，獨(dú)立學(xué)院在選題工作上應(yīng)該多下點(diǎn)功夫.主題應(yīng)符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)且面向當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，并應(yīng)結(jié)合科學(xué)研究和生產(chǎn).同時(shí)，論文主題應(yīng)與獨(dú)立學(xué)院的人才培養(yǎng)的特點(diǎn)相一致.獨(dú)立學(xué)院必須改革傳統(tǒng)的論文主題選擇模式，根據(jù)學(xué)生的能力去指導(dǎo)他們.學(xué)生的熱情和主動(dòng)性必須充分發(fā)揮作用.3.3努力做好團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)和指導(dǎo)老師管

9、理在畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)中，指導(dǎo)老師的水平和責(zé)任對于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量來說是一個(gè)重要的因素.由于獨(dú)立學(xué)院的歷史很短，并且這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)主要由年輕的老師組成，所以他們的科學(xué)研究水平和指導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)相對不足.除此之外，由于招生數(shù)量增加的影響，許多獨(dú)立學(xué)院里指導(dǎo)老師數(shù)量很難滿足學(xué)生指導(dǎo)的需要.因此，目前存在一個(gè)常見的現(xiàn)象：在獨(dú)立學(xué)院的導(dǎo)師團(tuán)隊(duì)里，兼職老師占據(jù)相當(dāng)大的比例，很多兼職老師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí)做得不夠太好，指導(dǎo)結(jié)果也不太令人滿意.這樣的話，為了提高本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)的質(zhì)量，必須采取一些措施.首先，獨(dú)立學(xué)院要加強(qiáng)本身指導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)的建設(shè)；其次，對于那些有著強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感、一定教學(xué)理論的并且有著豐富實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的兼職老

10、師，應(yīng)該給予分配，而對于另外一些以敷衍的態(tài)度去履行責(zé)任的或者在先前論文指導(dǎo)工作中學(xué)生不太滿意的老師，應(yīng)該不再給予選擇；最后，應(yīng)該對指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)情況進(jìn)行不定期抽查且檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果要公諸于眾.3.4提高學(xué)生的基本能力獨(dú)立學(xué)院的學(xué)生的文化知識水平相對很低，而且他們的自我教育能力、自我管理能力和自我法無能力很不理想.這就要求所有的大學(xué)平常應(yīng)該專門訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)研究意識和寫作技巧，并組織資深的能勝任的老師去開展關(guān)于外文翻譯、文學(xué)評論和學(xué)術(shù)文章的相關(guān)教學(xué)活動(dòng)，這將會(huì)為本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）打下良好的基礎(chǔ).學(xué)生也應(yīng)該盡量去提高他們圖表數(shù)據(jù)處理能力、計(jì)算機(jī)信息檢索能力、軟件應(yīng)用能力以及獨(dú)立分析問題解決問題能力.學(xué)

11、生必須學(xué)會(huì)如何運(yùn)用現(xiàn)有的知識去處理問題，除此之外，他們也應(yīng)該消化和吸收這些知識，并在最后能形成自己的觀點(diǎn).4結(jié)論在新形勢下，獨(dú)立學(xué)院正處于發(fā)展和探索階段，是屬于更高教育機(jī)制和模式的一種探索和創(chuàng)新，因此，在本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的過程中，必然會(huì)遇到這些存在的問題.只要獨(dú)立學(xué)院能高度重視并且對這種環(huán)節(jié)采取有效的措施，本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的質(zhì)量一定會(huì)得以提高.致謝這項(xiàng)工作是由浙江科技大學(xué)教育改革項(xiàng)目所贊助.3.樓盛華.提高本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）質(zhì)量的探索與實(shí)踐J. 浙江理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2008,25(3):309312(漢版) 6.鄭慶柱.獨(dú)立學(xué)院人才培養(yǎng)模式探究-結(jié)合浙江省溫州

12、市所屬獨(dú)立學(xué)院人才培養(yǎng)模式分析J.教學(xué)研究,2008,(7):.103106 (漢版) 附:英文原文The Analysis of Existing Problems and Countermeasures About theUndergraduates' Graduation Design of Independent CollegesCAI Hangfeng, DING JianboZhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, P.R.China, 310024caihfAbstract：The undergradua

13、tes' graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges is an important practice link in teaching program and a main course on the training of talents. In order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges, common problems of teachi

14、ng link such as lack of administration systems, irregular guidance of teachers and inherent poor quality are analyzed in detail. From the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures from the topic of graduation thesis and teacher guidance to the capacity development of students are prop

15、osed to improve the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis). Keyword：The undergraduates' graduation design (thesis), existing problems, countermeasures,independent colleges1 IntroductionThe undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) is the most important concentrated pr

16、actice link in teaching program in independent colleges. Its quality reflects the overall level of teaching, teaching forces and discipline construction to a certain extent. Improving the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) is an important link and specific exhibition of th

17、e connotation construction in independent colleges, and is also a direct driving force to promote the sustainable development ofindependent colleges 1. In 2008, Education Department of Zhejiang Province spot-checked the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges for the f

18、irst time 2. The results of this ransom inspection showed that compared with traditional undergraduate colleges and universities, the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges was poor. In order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates' gra

19、duation design (thesis) of independent colleges, this paper analyzes existing problems of undergraduates' graduation design (thesis). From the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures are proposed to improve the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis).2 The

20、Problems of the Undergraduates' Graduation Design (Thesis) ofIndependent CollegesNow, most of independent colleges have paid attention to strengthen teaching and guidance links of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis), and established the standardized management systems for graduati

21、on link, which have achieved certain results. However, we should also see that the overall quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) in independent colleges is not high, there are still more problems. The main problems are as follows.2.1 The lack of management systems and ineffec

22、tive implementation Most of independent colleges established the standardized management systems of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis). But, executive detailed rules, quality control and security systems have been far from perfection in many independent colleges. Especially, for proc

23、ess management of graduation link, many independent colleges lacked an effective way, which caused many students to pay less attention to the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) and teacher guidance to become a mere formality3. In addition, some independent colleges didnt control strictly

24、 the quality. Furthermore, because of the impact of student employment, it even appeared the phenomenon that some "sacrifice" the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) in order to complete the employment rate.2.2 The problems of teacher guidanceSome guidance teacher

25、s lacked a sense of responsibility and didnt implement in accordance with the work specification of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis), the topics of some undergraduates' graduation designs (theses) failed to come up to the teaching requirement. Some teachers made concessions for

26、 students and didnt require them strictly. Some didnt point out and correct some obvious mistakes which were found in their students undergraduates' graduation designs (theses), which resulted in the lack of paper format standard, especially in the incompletion and non-standard of citations and

27、references 4.2.3 The problems of inherent quality2.3.1 TopicsA part of thesis topics were apart from practice and deviated from the training objective of their own professions.2.3.2 Literature reviewMany students didnt understand how to write literature review and lack a comprehensive review with re

28、search situation and development trend in the relevant field. A lot of literature even wrote the content of the undergraduates' graduation design（thesis）itself.2.3.3 Translation of foreign languageThe translation materials of some students didnt come up to the standard and the quality of transla

29、tion was low. In addition, the contents of some foreign materials were less association with the topics of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis).2.3.4 The format specification of thesisThe mark of references didnt come up to the requirement and the format wasnt uniform. The charts didnt

30、 conform to the criterion. At the same time, many guidance teachers in graduation practice link lacked detailed records in the course of guidance. Independents colleges and the teaching and research sections didnt audit related materials strictly.2.3.5 The quality of thesisThe thesis framework of ma

31、ny students was unreasonable, the logic and structure of theses didnt been further adjusted. The contexts and paragraphs were less links and transition. The language wasnt fluent enough and logic wasnt rigorous and so on. Simultaneously, many students didnt grasp and apply the profession's basic

32、 theory and skills very well.3 The Countermeasures of Improving the Undergraduates' Graduation Design（Thesis）of The Independent CollegesThe graduation link is the last and most important concentrated practice link. Independent colleges must face an important realistic problem that is how to effe

33、ctively improve the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) and ensure this important teaching task finished successfully.3.1 The unity of thinking, the enhancement of awarenessThe undergraduates' graduation design（thesis）of independent colleges is an important practice lin

34、k in teaching program, and a main course on the training of talents. Currently, the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design（thesis）of independent colleges is low, because colleges, teachers and students dont pay enough attention to the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) to a

35、 large extent. Accordingly, independent colleges should be fully aware of the importance of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) and clearly define the responsibilities of guidance teachers, and make guidance teachers try their best to guide the undergraduates' graduation design (t

36、hesis). At the same time, the education work of the graduation practice link for graduates should be made and the propaganda in various forms should be carried out, which will make graduates firstly pay attention to the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) in mind and enhance their conscio

37、usness do with the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis).3.2 Importance of topic selection workThe students' choice of thesis topics is crucial, which is related to not only the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) but only the training of talent training specif

38、ications and innovative spirit and practical ability of students 5. Appropriate Topics are of great benefit for students to broaden their knowledge and cultivate their overall quality, and enhance the students interest for the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis), which lays a good foundat

39、ion for completing the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) successfully. Therefore, independent colleges should take great efforts to make topic selection work. Topics should meet professional training targets and be oriented to the local and regional social economic development, and comb

40、ine with scientific research and production. At the same time, thesis topics should be consistent with the characteristics of talent cultivation of independent colleges. Independent colleges must reform the traditional topic selection pattern and teach students according to their aptitude. The enthu

41、siasm and initiative of students must be given full play.3.3 Making a good job for team-building and management of guidance teachersIn the graduation link, the level and responsibility of guidance teachers is an important factor for the quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis).

42、On account of a short history of independent colleges, the team of guidance teachers has composed mainly of young teachers, their scientific research level and guidance experience is deficient relatively. Moreover, due to the impact of increased enrollment, the number of guidance teachers in many in

43、dependent is difficult to meet the needs of guiding students. Thus, there is a common phenomenon that the number of part-time teachers accounts for a large proportion in the guidance teacher team of independent colleges, some part-time teachers didnt do enough to guide the students and the guidance

44、results werent satisfactory. Therefore, in order to improving the guidance quality of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis), some measures must be made. Firstly, independent colleges must strengthen the construction of own guidance team. Secondly, part-time teachers who own strong sense

45、 of responsibility, certain theoretical and teaching level and a wealth of practical experience should be assigned. Other part-time teachers whom performed their duties in a perfunctory manner and were dissatisfied by students in the previous guidance work would be no longer selected. In addition, g

46、uidance situations of guidance teachers should be spot-checked irregularly and the inspection results would be notified publicly.3.4 Enhancing the basic abilities of studentsThe students in independent colleges are relatively poor quality of cultural knowledge. The students capacity of self-educatio

47、n, self-management and self-service is weak 6. It demands that all colleges usually focus on the training of scientific research consciousness and writing skills of students, and organize competent and experienced teachers to carry out teaching activities in the writing of translation of foreign lan

48、guage, literature review and scholarly articles, which would be laid a good foundation for the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis). Students should try their best to improve the ability of graph and data processing, computer information retrieval, software application, independent analysi

49、s of issues and problem-solving. Students must learn how to draw from existing knowledge. Furthermore, they should digest and absorb this knowledge and form their own point of view at last.4 ConclusionIndependent college which is still in the development and exploratory stage is an exploration and innovation of the mechanism and mode for higher education in the new situation. Thus, the existing problems in the teaching link of the undergraduates' graduation design (thesis) should be certainly ex