初三復(fù)習(xí)語法專題1（十大詞類）

1、初三英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)（一）-十大詞類十大詞類意義例詞1名詞 (n.)表示人或事物的名稱people, fruit, tennis2代詞 (pron.)代替名詞，及名詞短語或句子I, we, you, he, she, they, this3冠詞 (art.)位于名詞前，說明名詞a, an, the4動詞 (V.)動作或狀態(tài)be, do, have, like5形容詞 (adj.)主要用來修飾名詞happy, beautiful, busy6副詞 (adv.)主要用來修飾動詞even, always, only, too7介詞 (prep.)表示名詞與其它詞間關(guān)系in, on, under, b

2、y, at8連詞 (conj.)連接詞與詞；短語與短語；句與句and, or, but, because9數(shù)詞 (num.)表示數(shù)量或順序six, one, first10感嘆詞 (interj.)表示說話情感hello, well, oh考點(diǎn)直擊一、名詞（nouns）：1、分專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞指人名、地名等。首字母大寫，如：China；English；Tom等。2、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。(1)可數(shù)名詞有_和_兩種形式。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)部分變化規(guī)則如下： 可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則變化：（過關(guān)?。╊悇e構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加sbook-books以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾名詞加esclassc

3、lasses；boxboxes; watchwatches；dish-dishes輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞y改i再加esfamilyfamilies; party-partiesO結(jié)尾的名詞加sradio(s); piano(s); zoo(s); photo (s); zero(s)等加eshero-heroes；tomato(es); potato(es)以f/fe 結(jié)尾的名詞加sroof-roofs改f/fe為v再加esthief-thieves; wife-wives; leaf-leaves; knifeknives; wolfwolves; life-lives 可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化

4、：（背誦！）man_; woman_; foot_; tooth_; child_mouse_; sheep_; Chinese_; Japanese_；Englishman_; Frenchwoman_ America_; German_(中日不變，英法變，其余s加后面)(2) 不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量形式：數(shù)詞/冠詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。 如：a bottle of water -two bottles of water3. 集體名詞： 指整體時(shí)，視為單數(shù); 指整體中的個(gè)體時(shí)，視為復(fù)數(shù)。 例：family(家庭，家人)-Her family _(be) watching movie

5、 now. Her family _(be) full of laughing.4. 名詞所有格：表示名詞與名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系類別構(gòu)成方法例詞有生命名詞單數(shù)加s Lilys father ; his daughter有生命名詞復(fù)數(shù)S結(jié)尾 加the doctors office; my grandparents house不以s結(jié)尾加sChildrens Day無生命名詞利用ofthe map of China (Chinas map)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：1. Its my _ schoolbag. He left it there just now. Abrother B. brothers C. br

6、others2. Whose _are there? -I think they are Johns. A. key B. keies C.keys (14永州) 3. There are many expensive _ in the shop. (2014懷化) A. watch B. watches C. watchs. 4. Are there any _ in your school? A. German B. Germans C. Germen （14廣州） 5. How many _ are there in the basket? A. potato B. bread C. t

7、omatoes 6. There are a lot of _ on the ground. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs 7. We should take our teachers _ and make full use of _. A. advices; times B. advice; time C. advices; time D. advice; times 8. Look at Joys _. She is very happy. A. face B. faces C. mouths (14張家界) 9. Please give me some _ on

8、how to learn English well. (2014益陽)A. plan B. information C. advice 10. You can find many_ about the famous film star on the Internet. A. news B. information C. pictures 11. There isnt any _ in the fridge. A. vegetables B. beef C. eggs 12. I had a piece of beef, vegetables and_ for dinner. A. some r

9、ice B. a few rice C. a rice二、代詞（pronouns）：1. 人稱，物主及反身代詞 （背誦?。┑谝蝗朔Q第二人稱第三人稱主格Iweyou(你/你們)hesheitthey 賓格adj.物主代詞yourhistheirn.物主代詞mineoursits反身代詞_;_2. 指示代詞: this (these); that (those)3. 不定代詞：little; a little; much (后+不可數(shù)n.); few; a few; many; both; either(后+可數(shù)n.)some, any, all (后+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)n.) 復(fù)合不定代詞：someo

10、ne; something; anything, anybody; nothing ; nobody; none 4. 疑問代詞： who, whom, whose, which, what5. 重難點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)adj. 修飾不定代詞時(shí)，adj. 放不定代詞后，如：something important,; anything else ; 不定代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（難點(diǎn)：其反義疑問句中，不定代詞指人時(shí)，其反義疑問句用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they；指物，反義疑問句用it）Everyone is here, arent they? (everyone 指人)Everything begins to gr

11、ow in spring,_isnt it?_（everything指物） 句型： It+be + adj./adv +(for sb.) to do sth. (此句型只能用it做主語)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練： 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 單項(xiàng)選擇1. This is _(they) house. _(my) is next door.2. The little child is too young to look after _(him).3. This dictionary doesnt belong to _(your).4. We are all from China. _(none) of us i

12、s English.5. _(it) is 30 minutes walk from my home to my office.6. My parents are going to take_ to Mount Wuyi this weekend. A. me B. my C. mine7. The man called the professor for help because he couldnt solve the problem_.A. herself B. himself C. themselves （2013廣州）8. I have two pencils. One is red

13、, _ is yellow. A. another B. other C. the other9. Boys and girls. Listen to me carefully, I will tell you _. （2014湘西）A. Interesting something B. nothing interesting C. something interesting10._ is very important to learn English well. A. It B. This C. That (2014懷化)11. My sister is old enough to dres

14、s _now. A. himself B. herself C. myself (14長沙)12. Jishou is our beautiful home and we all love _. A. her B. him C. them13. -How do you like these two books? -_ of them are interesting. weve read them several times. A. Both B. Neither C. None三、冠詞（Articles）： 冠詞位于名詞前，且不能離開名詞獨(dú)立存在。1. 不定冠詞（a, an“一”+單數(shù)名詞）a

15、用于輔音音標(biāo)開頭的名詞前；an用于元音音標(biāo)開頭的名詞前。表示首次提到的人或物；泛指。2. 定冠詞(the) （背誦?。┯迷谔刂傅娜嘶蛭锴埃ㄉ衔奶岬竭^/二次出現(xiàn)的或特指的人或物）集體名詞前。The cat is liked by many people. 地球上獨(dú)一無二的事物前：The sun 地點(diǎn)/方位/時(shí)間前 in the country; in the south序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前面：The first one; the highest place(口訣：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；/世上獨(dú)無二，序數(shù)最高級；/專有集體前，習(xí)語和樂器)3. 不用冠詞的情況（背誦?。▽W(xué)科球類三餐飯，四季星期

16、月份前；顏色節(jié)日(但：中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前+the)和國名，稱呼習(xí)語和頭銜）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：1. Miss Zhang will go to_ America for _ important meeting next mouth.A. an; an B. /; an C. /;a D. an; the2. Mary was born in 1998 and she began to play _guitar at the age of seven. (13長沙)A. a B. / C. the3. I cant see _sun today. Its cloudy. A. 不填 B. a C. the (

17、14張家界)4. He often play _ basketball with us. A. the B. an C./ (14邵陽)5. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world. A. The; the B. A; a C. The; a6. The house is nice. Has it got _ garden. A. / B. a C. an D. the7. Can I help you, sir? (2014益陽)-_egg and a glass of juice, please. A. A B. An C. The 8. B

18、eijing is in _ north of China and Shenzhen is in _ south of China.9. There is _apple in my bag. _apple was washed by my mother.10. My sister likes playing _piano and my brother likes playing _ football.11. _moon goes around_ earth and the earth goes around _sun.12. June 1st is _ childrens Day.四、形容詞（

19、adjectives）和副詞（adverbs）：考點(diǎn)1.形容詞的用法：1）作定語：This is an interesting book.2）作表語：The work is difficult. She looks happy today. 3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語: She always makes us_(sad, sadly) 考點(diǎn)2. 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成（背誦?。?）形容詞、副詞一般有三個(gè)等級，即_, _,_ （如big, bigger, biggest）2） 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化： 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)比較級加 , 最高級加 。tall_, _. 以e結(jié)尾加r. 如：f

20、ine_; nice _. 以”輔元輔”結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er. 或-est.如： hot_,_; thin_, _ wet _, _ fat _,_; big_,_; red_, _ sad_,_; 以“輔音字母+y”的雙音節(jié)詞, 改y為i, 再加-er. 如：happy_, _; 部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加more 構(gòu)成比較級，在其前面加 most 構(gòu)成最高級。如：difficult _, _ carefully _ _, _ 形容詞+ly的副詞，比較級在前+more，最高級在前+most. lovely_, _ 3）不規(guī)則變化（背誦?。ゞoodbadlittle

21、much/manyoldfarbetterworselessmoreolder/elderfarther/furtherbestworstleastmostoldest/eldestfarthest/furthest 及時(shí)訓(xùn)練：1. My _ brother is _ than me. (older，elder)2. Beijing is _ than Zhejiang from Shanghai .(farther、further)3. Some students go abroad for _ studies. (farther、further)考點(diǎn)3. 形容詞的構(gòu)成（常考?。?）名詞后+

22、-ful或-y，或+ly構(gòu)成use_, care_, hope_ ; beauty_; wind_, health_ , noise_; friend_; love_2)復(fù)合形容詞, 如：a 6-year-old boy 3) V-ing(修飾物)和V-ed（人做主語）形式的形容詞。interesting-interested; boringbored.考點(diǎn)4. 副詞構(gòu)成 1) 直接由形容詞加-1y構(gòu)成。quiet_; slow_; bad_; polite_2) 以“輔音字母+le”結(jié)尾的詞，去-e加-y. simple_; gentle_  terrible_3) 以”輔音字母+

23、y”結(jié)尾的詞，改-y為i, 再加-ly. easy_; happy_; busy_4) 有些程度副詞沒有比較級：quite, rather,very,so,too, enough,even,still 等。 注意： 有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞不是副詞：日常的 _ , 可愛的 _ ,友好的 _ _ 孤獨(dú)的 _ , 丑陋的 _ _ , 活潑的，生動的 _ ；及時(shí)訓(xùn)練：( ) Mrs Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles_ at people. A. friendly B. lovely C. happily D. lively 考點(diǎn)5、?？夹稳菰~副詞的句型1

24、. 句型：“A is （3 times(倍數(shù))） as +形容詞/副詞原級+ as B”“A是B的幾倍大”2. 句型：“A is （3 times(倍數(shù))） +形容詞/副詞比較級+ than B”“A比B 大幾倍“3. 句型：比較級+and+比較級：bigger and bigger “越來越大”4. 句型：”the+比較級+句子，the+比較級+句子” “越，越”實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：1. Which season do you like_(good), summer or winter?2. It rained _(heavy) last night.3. I think English is _(i

25、nteresting) than other subject.4. She always does her homework_(careful) than her elder brother.5. I think Kate danced _(good) than Lily.6. The _ days last too long. A. fog B. foggy C. fogy (2014衡陽)7. Who runs _, Lily or Lucy? A. slow B. slower C. slowest (2013株洲)8. English is not as _ as Chinese. A

26、. easy B. easily C. easier 9. Did you find _ in the newspaper? A. interesting anything B. anything interesting(13益陽)10. There are many beautiful flowers in the world, but in parents eyes, their children are the _ of all. A. as beautiful as B. more beautiful C. most beautiful (2014衡陽)11. Compare this

27、 new TV set with the old one, you will see which is_. (2014張家界)A. good B. better C. best12. The weather is becoming_.(2014蘭州)A. hotter and hotter B. hoter and hoter C. more and more hot13. We are so glad to see Jishou is developing_ these years than it did before. A. more quickly B. the more quickly

28、 C. the most quickly14. Li Ke _ runs in the morning, for he wants to be healthy. A. never B. often C. hardly15. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy as C. heavier as D. as heavy as 16. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as difficult as; more expe

29、nsive C. more difficult as; as expensive 17. Your room is _ mine. A. twice as large than B. bigger twice than C. twice as large as18. Your room is _ than mine. A. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times19. _ you come back, _ it will be. A. The quicker, the best B. The sooner, the

30、 better C. Faster, the better D. The sooner, better20. Beijing is one of_ in China. A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities21. When spring comes, it gets _.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter五、介詞（prepositions）：考

31、點(diǎn)1. ?？紩r(shí)間介詞1) in(+年/月/上下午強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段 +時(shí)間段“在以后”in ten years); 2) on+具體某一天或某一天上下午。 On (the morning of) September 10th3) at+時(shí)間點(diǎn) at noon; at midnight(區(qū)別：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening)4) by “到時(shí)候” 5）before 與after 6）for+時(shí)間段（常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I have studied English for 5 years） 7) since+ 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)“自從”8) from”

32、從” 9) during” 在期間”10) until直到; 11) notuntil”直到才”考點(diǎn)2. 常考地點(diǎn)、方位介詞1) in:”在里面” 2)at:“在（?。┑攸c(diǎn)”at the post office 3) on: “在上面(表面接觸)” 4) above: “在上方（表面不接觸）” 5) over:“在正上方(表面不接觸)” 6) below: “在下方 ” 7) under: “在正下方” 8) to: “在范圍以外” to the south of China 9) in front of “在（某空間外部）的前面” 10) in the front of “在（某空間內(nèi)部）的

33、前面”考點(diǎn)3. 表示方式、手段、工具的介詞1) in English “用英語” 2) with 表”用/和” 3) on foot; by bus(交通工具); by listening to taps（通過）5) without”沒有” 6) beyond”超出范圍” 7）including”包括”實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：1. There is a light _ the desk.2. He studies English _ asking the teacher for help.3. Would you like to go to school _ foot with me?4. Ice is o

34、ften seen here in winter as the temperature usually stays _ zero.5. Jays concert is _three oclock _the afternoon of July 18th .6. Many city in China, _ Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.A. including B. behind C. without D. beyond7. They usually go shopping _ their lunch time. A. among

35、B. between C. during8. Mothers day is _ the second Sunday in May in the United States. A. on B. at C. in9. Uncle Tom lives _ a farm _the country. A. in; at B. near; on C. on; in10. It is clear that we cannot live_ water. A. with B. without C. beyond六、連詞（conjunctions）：（必考！）1.并列連詞 1）并列關(guān)系：and；as well a

36、s (和，也)；bothand(兩者都/ 既.又); not onlybut also(不僅而且)； neithernor(既不也不/兩者都不) 2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but; while (但是，然而)； yet（可是，然而）；however（然而，后有”,”）3) 選擇關(guān)系：or(或者)； eitheror(或者或者)4) 因果關(guān)系： so（因此）；for（因?yàn)椋?. 從屬連詞（后常接句子的引導(dǎo)連詞） 1）表時(shí)間：when(“當(dāng)時(shí)/此時(shí)”,后為時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用過去式)，while(“當(dāng)時(shí)”, 后為時(shí)間段常用進(jìn)行時(shí))，as(“當(dāng)時(shí)/一邊一邊”); before; after; until; since;

37、as soon as(一就) 2) 表?xiàng)l件：if (如果)；unless(除非)；as long as（只要）; or (否則)=if not 3）表原因：because；as(因?yàn)?；since(因?yàn)? 4）表目的和結(jié)果： so that”結(jié)果是”; so(+形容詞)that”如此以至于”； such(+名詞)that”如此以至于”; in order that”為了” 5) 表讓步：though/although /even if/ even though(雖然，盡管)；whatever (無論什么) 6) 比較和方式： asas； the same as(和一樣); as if; as though(似乎，好像)3.幾個(gè)一詞多意的連詞： as（作為當(dāng)時(shí)正如因?yàn)楸M管/雖然(child as he is,)） while(當(dāng)時(shí)候然而盡管，雖然) ; since(自從因?yàn)?； or(或者否則) if (是否如果)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：1. The fans were_ exi