模塊VUnit語法PPT課件

1、定語從句第1頁/共27頁第2頁/共27頁 一、定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代范圍指代范圍在從句中所作在從句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞與關(guān)與關(guān)系副系副詞的詞的判定判定who人人主語、賓語主語、賓語(限制性定語限制性定語從句可省略從句可省略)Is he the man who wants to see you？whom人人賓語賓語(限制性限制性定語從句可省定語從句可省略略)He is the man whom I saw yesterday.whose(of whomof which)人或物人或物定語定語Do you know the boy whose father

2、 is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows (the windows of which) face south.第3頁/共27頁考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代范圍指代范圍在從句中所作成分在從句中所作成分典句例示典句例示關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞與關(guān)與關(guān)系副系副詞的詞的判定判定which物物主語、賓語主語、賓語(限制性限制性定語從句可省略定語從句可省略)A special school which was built last year is near my home. The package (which) you are carrying is abo

3、ut to come unwrapped.that人或物人或物主語、賓語主語、賓語(限制性限制性定語從句可省略，定語從句可省略，不引導(dǎo)非限制性定不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句語從句)A plane is a machine that can fly. I dont know the man (that) you mentioned.as人或物人或物(在在非限制性非限制性定語從句定語從句中也可指中也可指代整個(gè)句代整個(gè)句子子)主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health. I want to read such/ the same

4、 a book as you read.He is not the same man as he was.第4頁/共27頁考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代范圍指代范圍在從句中所作在從句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副與關(guān)系副詞的判定詞的判定when(適當(dāng)介適當(dāng)介詞詞 which)時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.where(適當(dāng)適當(dāng)介詞介詞which)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.why(for w

5、hich)原因原因原因狀語原因狀語Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer？第5頁/共27頁考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代范圍指代范圍在從句中所作在從句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞與關(guān)與關(guān)系副系副詞的詞的判定判定1.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞作定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的主語、詞作定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的主語、賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)用賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)用that或或which，作賓，作賓語時(shí)，語時(shí)，that/which也可省略。也可省略。2.當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是case，condition，situation，pos

6、ition，point，stage等名詞，表示情況、方面、處境等名詞，表示情況、方面、處境時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞where。I dont believe the reason (which/that) he was late for school for.I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me.He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.當(dāng)先行詞當(dāng)先行詞way意為意為“方式，方法方式，方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有in which，that或

7、不用任何關(guān)系詞這或不用任何關(guān)系詞這三種形式；三種形式；way不作不作“方式，方方式，方法法”解時(shí)，其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞解時(shí)，其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用用that或或which，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于語，相當(dāng)于in this/that way) The way (that/which) he explained to us was

8、quite simple.(關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that/which在從在從句中作賓語句中作賓語)The way (that/which) he showed us leads to the small village.(way意為意為“道路道路”)第6頁/共27頁 【溫馨提示】1.如何選擇關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。 方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主語、賓語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 2定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致 (1)one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞關(guān)系代詞

9、復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 (2)the only one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞關(guān)系代詞單數(shù)動(dòng)詞第7頁/共27頁 二、關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別及“介詞關(guān)系代詞” 幾幾組組關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞的的區(qū)區(qū)別別用用that不用不用whichAll that can be done has been done.Please get ready for everything (that) we need.先行詞是先行詞是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none時(shí)時(shí)This is the very book that Im looking for.The only t

10、hing that we can do is to give you some money.先行詞被先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí)This is the best method that has been used against pollution.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.先行詞為人、物并用時(shí)先行詞為人、

11、物并用時(shí)Which is the bike that you lost？當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或或which時(shí)時(shí)Our hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)第8頁/共27頁典句例示典句例示用法點(diǎn)擊用法點(diǎn)擊幾幾組組關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞的的區(qū)區(qū)別別the same.as與與the same.thatShe wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.She wor

12、e the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.the same. as.表示相似的東西表示相似的東西the same.that.表示同一人或物表示同一人或物such/so.as與與such/so. thatThis is such an easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.such/so.as(定語從句定語從句)像像那樣那樣such/so.that(狀語從句狀語從句)如此如此以以至于至于as與與whichAvatar i

13、s a very successful film，as is known to all .As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中；有時(shí)還可插入主句中；which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。之后。as意為意為“正如正如”，后面，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多是的謂語動(dòng)詞多是see，know

14、，expect，say，mention，report等。等。第9頁/共27頁典句例示典句例示用法點(diǎn)擊用法點(diǎn)擊介介詞詞關(guān)關(guān)系系代代詞詞Please pass me the book，the cover of which is blue.名名(代代)詞介詞關(guān)系代詞詞介詞關(guān)系代詞(一般作主一般作主語語)He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever.He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever.數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)of關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(一般作主語一般作主語)This is the famou

15、s singer about whom we have often talked.介詞關(guān)系代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞(一般作狀語一般作狀語)Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation.介詞短語關(guān)系代詞介詞短語關(guān)系代詞(一般作狀語一般作狀語)She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home.介詞介詞which名詞名詞(一般在句中作狀一般在句中作狀語語)He is the man from whose hous

16、e the pictures were stolen.介詞介詞whose名詞名詞(一般作狀語一般作狀語)He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw what was happening.(from wherefrom behind the door)from where為為“介詞關(guān)系副詞介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，“介詞介詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞可根據(jù)先行詞中的介詞可根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句中的動(dòng)詞短語進(jìn)行判斷?；蚨ㄕZ從句中的動(dòng)詞短語進(jìn)行判斷。第10頁/共27頁典句例示典句例示用法點(diǎn)擊用法點(diǎn)擊特特殊

17、殊定定語語從從句句I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball.分裂式定語從句分裂式定語從句(先行詞與關(guān)先行詞與關(guān)系代系代(副副)詞分隔詞分隔)He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science.插入式定語從句插入式定語從句(關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系代詞與從句中插入一個(gè)句子從句中插入一個(gè)句子)I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to impr

18、ove my French.省略式定語從句省略式定語從句(介詞關(guān)系介詞關(guān)系代詞不定式代詞不定式)第11頁/共27頁 1(2010全國I卷)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather. AwhichBwhere Cwhat Dthat 【解析】句意：小時(shí)候，杰克在一所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校讀書，那所學(xué)校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行詞是a village school，代入定語從句后為“The village school is named after his grandfather.”，由此可見先行詞在

19、定語從句中作主語，且該從句為非限制性定語從句，故用which引導(dǎo)。 【答案】A第12頁/共27頁 2(2010山東高考)Thats the new machine _parts are too small to be seen. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat 【解析】句意：那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得看不見的新機(jī)器。分析句子成分可知空格后部分是定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，因而使用whose。 【答案】C第13頁/共27頁 3(2010上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_ we may return in the nea

20、r future. Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which 【解析】句意：風(fēng)力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會(huì)再利用它。return to“重新利用”，屬于固定搭配，故排除含有介詞on，by和from的A、B、D項(xiàng)。 【答案】C第14頁/共27頁 4(2010北京高考)Children who are not active or_ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat 【解析】句意：一些不是很活躍，或者他們的飲食中脂肪含量太高的孩子會(huì)很快

21、長胖。先行詞為children，or連接兩個(gè)并列的定語從句，第一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞為who，第二個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞為考查點(diǎn)，先行詞children在第二個(gè)定語從句中與從句中的主語diet形成所屬關(guān)系：childrens diet，故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B第15頁/共27頁 5(2010陜西高考)The old temple _roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose 【解析】句意：那座在暴風(fēng)雨中屋頂受損的古廟現(xiàn)在正在修復(fù)當(dāng)中。此句先行詞是the old temple，代入定語從句后為：The old

22、 temples roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。 【答案】D第16頁/共27頁 6(2010江西高考)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _she would stay for an hour. Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 【解析】句意：這個(gè)女孩準(zhǔn)備在培訓(xùn)中心和她姐姐一起上鋼琴課，在那里她將待一小時(shí)。先行詞為the training centre，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語

23、，故選where。 【答案】A第17頁/共27頁 7(2010福建高考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually. Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose 【解析】句意：史蒂芬霍金認(rèn)為，地球可能不是唯一有生命進(jìn)化的行星。where在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于on the planet。 【答案】B第18頁/共27頁 8(2010浙江高考)The settlement is home to nearly 1

24、,000 people，many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthose 【解析】句意：近千人在這一個(gè)小社區(qū)居住，他們當(dāng)中很多都是從農(nóng)村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。先行詞為1,000 people，代入定語從句為many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語且指人，故用whom。 【答案】A第19頁/共27頁 9(2010重慶高

25、考)In China，the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. Awhere Bwhich Cwhose Dthat 【解析】句意：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在快速地增加，其發(fā)展被世界所公認(rèn)。先行詞為cities，代入定語從句后為：The cities development is recognized across the world.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用whose。 【答案】C第20頁/共27頁 10(2010江蘇高考)The newlybuilt cafe，t

26、he walls of_ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich 【解析】句意：這家新建的墻體被涂成淺綠色的咖啡廳對(duì)我們而言確實(shí)是個(gè)安靜場(chǎng)所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。先行詞為the newlybuilt cafe，代入定語從句為the walls of the newlybuilt cafe are painted light green，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且指物，故用which。 【答案】D第21頁/共2

27、7頁 11(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】句意：我已經(jīng)成為去年在英語演講比賽中所遇到的我校幾位學(xué)生的好朋友。先行詞為several of the students，代入定語從句后為：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞