初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)-語(yǔ)法知識(shí)梳理

1、語(yǔ)法學(xué)問(wèn)梳理第一節(jié)詞法在英語(yǔ)中，共有 10 大詞類，它們是：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞；一、名詞1. 什么叫名詞？名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱；如：mother 媽媽 panda熊貓library圖書(shū)館pencil鉛筆 wish愿望2. 名詞是如何分類的？（ 1） 名詞依據(jù)意義分為專出名詞和一般名詞； 1 專出名詞表示特定的人或事物的名稱；如：mr green 格林先生the springfestival 春節(jié)the great wall長(zhǎng)城britain 英國(guó)提示： 1、人名都是專出名詞2、專出名詞的第一個(gè)字母必需大寫(xiě)； 2 一般名詞是不屬于特

2、定的人或事物名稱的詞；一般名詞又分為個(gè)體名詞和集體 名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞；個(gè)體名詞，如：radio （廣播）， watch （手表）；集體名詞，如： class （班級(jí)）， people （人民）；物質(zhì)名詞，如： milk （牛奶） water （水）；抽象名詞，如：work（工作）， health （健康）；2名詞依據(jù)其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同，分為可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞； 1 可數(shù)名詞表示的事物是可以用數(shù)字一個(gè)一個(gè)數(shù)出來(lái)的，有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式；如： a banana 一只香蕉two bananas兩只香蕉 2 不行數(shù)名詞表示的事物是不行以用數(shù)字一個(gè)一個(gè)數(shù)出來(lái)的，不分單、 復(fù)數(shù)；抽象名詞、物

3、質(zhì)名詞和專出名詞一般都是不行數(shù)名詞；如：milk牛奶 ice冰 idea想法 france 法國(guó)提示：有少數(shù)名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不行數(shù)名詞，但含義不同；如：fish魚(yú)肉（不行數(shù)） fish 魚(yú)類（可數(shù)） chicken 雞肉（不行數(shù)） chicken 小雞（可數(shù)）3. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)章是什么？（1） 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成的基本規(guī)章：情形變法例詞一般情形加-sgirl-girlsbook -books以 sshxch結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buses以“輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的詞變 y 為i 再加eswatch-watchesfamily-falimiesstrawberry-stra

4、wberries以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞變 f 或fe 為 v 再加eshalf-halves wife-wives以 o 結(jié)尾的詞加 es或 sphoto-photospiano-pinaosradio-radioszoo-zoos復(fù)數(shù)形式詞尾是或的讀法如下：tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes情形讀法例詞在 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/等清輔音后在/s/ /z/ /t / 等/后d /s/cakes desks cups/iz/buses classes watches在其他情形下/z/bananas zoos windows2需要特殊記住的是英語(yǔ)中有些名詞的

5、復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)章的；如： man-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-mice child-childrensheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish chinese-chinese4. 如何表示不行數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量？（1） 不行數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單、 復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)分， 是不能直接以數(shù)字運(yùn)算事物的名詞， 要表示“一”這個(gè)概念，我們可以用“a+表示數(shù)量的名詞 + of+ 名詞”的形式；如：a glass of water一杯水 a cup of tea一杯茶（2） 假如要表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念，表示數(shù)量的名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不行數(shù)名詞不變； 如：

6、two glasses of water兩杯水five bags ofrice五袋大米提示：這種形式也可以用于可數(shù)名詞，但名詞必需用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如：a basketofapples 一籃子蘋(píng)果 five baskets of tomatoes五籃子西紅柿5. 什么是名詞全部格？名詞中表示全部關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞全部格，意為“的”，一般在名詞后加是 s；如 grandmashouse奶奶的房子my parentscar 我父母的車(chē)(1) 假如名詞代表的事物是有生命的，那么其全部格有以下幾種形式：分類構(gòu)成方式舉例一般單數(shù)名詞在名詞末尾加 snancys father以或結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在名詞末尾加the

7、 teachers books特殊復(fù)數(shù)名詞（不以或結(jié)尾）在名詞末尾加 schildrens day表示共有關(guān)系的在最終一個(gè)名詞的末尾加 s表示各自全部關(guān)系的在每個(gè)名詞的詞尾都加sjim and henlen s mother（兩人共有一個(gè)媽媽）jimsandhenlens mothers（兩人各自的媽媽）提示：表示公共場(chǎng)所、或住宅的名詞，其全部格后面經(jīng)常省略被修飾的名詞；we will go to my sister s for dinner this afternoon.今日下午我們將去我姐姐家吃飯；letsgotothebarber s.我們?nèi)ダ戆l(fā)店吧；（2） ） 假如名詞代表的事物是沒(méi)有

8、生命的，常與組成短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示其全部格，表示前者屬于后者；its a map of china. 這是一張中國(guó)地圖；the name of the cartoon is cinderella.這部動(dòng)畫(huà)片的名字是灰姑娘；例題引路一、寫(xiě)出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；1baby 2.key3.strawberry4.life 5.half6.woman7.german 8.japanese答案 1.babies2.keys3. strawberries4.lives5.halves6.women7.germans8. japanese二、翻譯以下詞組1.長(zhǎng)城 2.很多羊 3.三袋大米 4.五籃子雞蛋 5 四位女

9、老師6.八棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù) 7 七張老太太的照片8.她的一個(gè)伴侶答案 1 .the great wall2.many/a lot of sheep3.three bags of rice 4.five baskets of eggs5.four women teachers6.eight apple trees 7.seven photos of an old woman8.a friend of hers連接訓(xùn)練一、寫(xiě)出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；1.pencil-box 2.wife 3.sunday4.city 5.dress 6.englishman 7.match 8.chinese 9.exam1

10、0.library 11.radio 12. family 13.boy14. photo15.tomato 16.dish 17.american 18.dictionary三、單項(xiàng)挑選1. my father is a .he works in a hospital. a.teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. soldier2. we need some more.can you go and get some ,please.a. potato b. potatos c. potatoes d. a potato 3.in the picture there ar

11、e manyand two.a. sheep; foxes b. sheeps ;foxes c. sheeps; fox d. sheep ; foxs 4.let s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of.a. the people s park b. the peoplespark c. the people park d. peoples park 5.there are sixty-sevenin our school.a.women s teacher b. women teachers c. women teachers d. women teache

12、r6.this shop sells apples,bananas and things like these.its a.a. food shop b. book shop c. fruit shop d. vegetable shop 7.september10th isin china.a.teacher s day b. teachers day c. teacher day d .teachers day8.the football under the bed is.a. su hai and liu taob. su hai s and liu tao s c.su hai s a

13、nd liu tao d. su hai and liu taos 9.the post office is a bit far from here. its about.a. thirty minutes s walkb. thirty minute s walkc. thirty minuteswalkd. thirty minutes walk10.arebig and bright.a. the classroom windowb. the window of the classroom c.the classroom s windowsd.the windows of the cla

14、ssroom四、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1.are there threechildplaying in the classroom. 2.here re twobottleof milk for you.3. daniel always wears a pair ofglass and he looks clever.4. we do too muchhomeworkevery day so we have no time to play. 5.it s sunday and there are so manypeoplein the street.6.you should brush y

15、ourtoothat least twice every day.五、依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子；1. beijing is 中國(guó)的首都 2. i m hungry. please give me（四片面包）3. are these （你父母的照片）？4.i visited （長(zhǎng)城）last year.it s really wonderful.5（tom 和 mike的手表） are new. they bought them last saturday. 6.you can found（一些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)） in the garden.7.（楊玲和南希的桌子）is very clean,but（她們的椅

16、子）are very dirty.二、動(dòng)詞1.動(dòng)詞的定義和分類動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的一類詞；動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)， 要受到主語(yǔ)的限制， 與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一樣；用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)； 動(dòng)詞依據(jù)其在句中的功能， 可以分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、 系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類；2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（ 1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的分類實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞， 即表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞， 能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)； 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞之分； 及物動(dòng)詞是指后面可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞； 不及物動(dòng)詞指后面不行以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞；we have friends all over the world.我們的伴侶遍天下；george s

17、 father lives there.喬治的爸爸住在那兒；提示：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有很多既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，如close,begin,study,leave,work等；（3） ） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的基本形式有動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞；3.系動(dòng)詞（ 1）系動(dòng)詞的定義.系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，后面必需跟表語(yǔ)；（ 2）系動(dòng)詞的功能系動(dòng)詞的主要功能是把表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句）和其主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)；它和其后的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)；（ 3）常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞my fatheris a policeman.you wi

18、ll feel better after a nights sleep. its gettingwarmer and warmer in spring.he lookedangry/sad/happy. the applestastevery good.提示：有部分系動(dòng)詞也可以作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞來(lái)使用；he lookedsad at the news.（“看起來(lái)”，系動(dòng)詞用法）he kookedsadiy at the boy.（“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法）4.助動(dòng)詞（ 1）助動(dòng)詞的定義助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，本身沒(méi)有詞義，不行單獨(dú)使用；he doesn t like english.(2) 助動(dòng)詞的功能

19、1 表示時(shí)態(tài)he is singing.he doesntgo to school on saturday. 2 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句do you like college life.did you study english before you came here. 3 與否定副詞 not連用構(gòu)成否定句i don t like playing computer games. theyare notwatching tv now.3 目前學(xué)過(guò)的助動(dòng)詞有： beam/is/are,dodoes/did 1 “am/is/are+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；they are havinga meetin

20、g. englishis becomingmore and more important. 2 do/does/did構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定祈使句；do you want to pass the english exam.he doesn t like to study.don t be late for school.提示：do也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 表示“做”；變否定句時(shí)必需借助don t/doesn t/didn t he doeshomework every day. hedoesn t watch tv on school days.6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義及功能情態(tài)動(dòng)

21、詞是一種本身有肯定的詞義，但要與一般動(dòng)詞一起使用，給謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞增加情態(tài)顏色，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)或必要等得一類詞；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般本身無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形；she can swim fast, but ican t. you mus t stay here until i come back.（2） 常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 1can 表示才能，意為“會(huì)，能”；表示客觀可能性或估計(jì)時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句； she can sing english songs.itcant 不行能 be jim.i saw him at school just

22、now. can /may 可以 i borrow your bike. 2may表示許可， 用于陳述句； 表示正式的懇求或許可， 用于一般疑問(wèn)句；回答 may提出的問(wèn)題，確定形式為：yes,please./ yes, please do./yes,certainly./yes,you may.否定形式為： no,you mustn t./no, youcan t./please don t.you may go out to ply now.-may i smoke here.-yes,you may./no you mustnt. 3 must 指客觀可能性或推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“肯定”；表示“應(yīng)

23、當(dāng)，必需”時(shí)，其否定形式為 mustn t 意為“禁止，不答應(yīng)，千萬(wàn)別”；回答由must 構(gòu)成的一般疑問(wèn)句，確定形式為： yes，主語(yǔ)+must；否定形式為： no ，主語(yǔ) +needn t/don t have to ；it must確定be nancy s book.her name is on the cover. you mustn t 千萬(wàn)別 play football in the street.- musti hand in my homework tomorrow.-yes, you must. / no, you neednt/don t have to. 4 should表

24、示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)”， shouldn t 表示“不應(yīng)當(dāng)”；you shouldtell your mother the truth. you shouldnt make the same mistake.例題引路一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1. my father alwayshelpmy mother with housework.2. the shipsnot bein the river now;they bethere a moment ago. 3.our familyhavea new computer last month.4.i can do it better than yo

25、u .二、仿照例詞寫(xiě)出所給動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式；例詞:dodoes doing did1. write 2.carry 3.wash 4.meet連接訓(xùn)練 一、單項(xiàng)挑選1.my brother a teacher. he his pupils very much.a. is ; likeb.is;likesc.are;likesd. are; like 2.-how many days there in a week.-there seven.a. is; isb.are;isc. is;ared. are; are 3.my english teacher .a. all look youngb.

26、 looks youngc. look youngd. all looks young4.i busy now, but i free next week.a. am;amb. am; willc. am;will bed. being;will be 5.may i to helen brown.a. tellb. speakc. talkd. say 6.yang ling can clothes for the doll.a. make;b. makesc. maded. making7. she looks because she will go to hainan for a hol

27、iday.a. happilyb. be happyc. happyd. happiness8. - i use your pen,dad.-yes,you can .a. mayb. doc. amd. must二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1. two and six be eight.2. there belots of sheep on the farm last year.3. the boy with his friends havesome homework every day. 4.you must listento your teacher in class.5.we lik

28、e watchcartoons at the weekend. 6.listen. someone singin the next room.7.su hai wants bea teacher when she grows up. 8.what you dolast night.9. not speakloudly in the reading room.10. i like read very much,but i dont like readtoday.im too tired.三、形容詞1.什么是形容詞？形容詞是用來(lái)修飾或描述名詞或代詞，以說(shuō)明人或事物的性質(zhì)、 狀態(tài)或特點(diǎn)的一類詞； j

29、ane is abeautifulgirl.is there anything wrong with your mp4.2.形容詞在句中的位置是怎樣的？幾個(gè)形容詞連用時(shí)，如何排序？（ 1）形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，系動(dòng)詞和不定代詞之后； she is a goodgirl.i am tall and thin.there is somethingimportantto tell her.提示： 1.有的形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，如：afraid 可怕， alone獨(dú)自的， asleep 睡著的， awake 醒著的， alive 活著的， well 健康的， ill 病的2.某些形容詞加上

30、定冠詞可以泛指一類人或整體的東西，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the chinese have long history.we should help the old(2) 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后.she bought herself a new silk skirt. i have long straight golden hair.提示：多個(gè)形容詞和其他詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其次序是：限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞）+描畫(huà)詞（大小、長(zhǎng)短、外形、新舊、長(zhǎng)幼、顏色）+出處+材料性質(zhì) +類別+名詞3.什么是形容詞的比較等級(jí)？絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高

31、級(jí)；liu hai is as tall as me .tall是原級(jí) it is warmer today than it was yesterday.warmer 是比較級(jí) she is the best student in her class.best 是最高級(jí) 4.形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)章是什么？（見(jiàn)八年級(jí)上語(yǔ)法附錄）5.形容詞比較等級(jí)的幾種用法（ 1）形容詞的原級(jí)可用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，常用的有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1 確定結(jié)構(gòu)： as+形容詞的原級(jí)+ as，意為“和一樣”；she is as careful as her mother. 2 否定結(jié)構(gòu)： not as /so + 形容詞的

32、原級(jí) +as，意為“不如”；this dish is not as nice as that one.（ 2）形容詞的比較級(jí)用于兩個(gè)人或事物的比較，常用的有四種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1 形容詞比較級(jí) +than，表示“比”；this film is more interesting than that one. 2 形容詞比較級(jí) +形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越”；my sister is getting taller and taller. 3the + 形容詞比較級(jí)， the+形容詞比較級(jí)，表示“越越”；the more, the better.the more careful you are ,the f

33、ewer mistakes you wii make. 4the + 形容詞比較級(jí)+ of the two，表示“兩者中較的一個(gè)”；tom is the cleverer of the twins.提示：比較級(jí)前可以加表示程度的副詞much ,even,a little等來(lái)修飾；he is much stronger than mike.(3) 形容詞的最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物的比較，常用“the + 形容詞的最高級(jí) +名詞+范疇（of/ in短語(yǔ)或從句） ”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“中最的” ；he is the busiest boy in our class.yao ming is one

34、of the most famous basketball players in nba.提示：形容詞的最高級(jí)前要加the ，但假如形容詞的最高級(jí)前有物主代詞時(shí)，不需要加the； today is my happiest day.7.常見(jiàn)形容詞的反義詞，你記住了嗎？bad-goodbetter-worstbest-worstbig-small/littlebeautiful-ugly black-whitebusy freecheap-expensiveclean dirtyclever-foolish cloudy-sunnycool warmcold-hotdangerous-safeda

35、rk-bright/lightdry-wetearly-lateeasy difficulteast west far-nearsunny-rainyfirst-lasthappy-unhappy/sadhard-soft ill-healthy/welllight-heavymore-less/fewmost-least/fewestold-newold youngpoor richquiet-noisysame differentshort-longshort-tallslow-quicksmall-big/large/great strong-weakthin-fatthin-thick

36、例題引路一、單項(xiàng)挑選1.i have to do today.i couldnt help you now.a.anything importantb.somethingimportantc. important nothingd. important something 2.-is chemistry more difficult than physics.-no, chemistry isnt as as physics.a. easyb. easierc. difficultd. moredifficult二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換；1. liu t ao is not as strong as g

37、ao shan.liu t ao is gao shan. gao shan.is liu t ao.2. david is the tallest student in his class.david is than in his class.連接訓(xùn)練一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1.of the three girls,i found millie is the clever. 2.there are fewpeople here today than yesterday. 3.my sister is two years oldthan i .4. jane s parents have

38、four daughters, and she is the youngchild.5. the cheapthings are not always the worst ones. 6.the short one is expensiveof the five.7. the boy is not so interestingas his brother.8. she will be much happyin her new house.二、單項(xiàng)挑選1.he feels today than yesterday.a. tiredb .more tiredc. more tirederd. mu

39、ch tired 2.of the two toys,the child chose .a. the more expensive oneb. one most expensivec. a least expensived.the most expensive of them 3.the line is than that one.a. more longerb. not longerc. much more longerd. many more longer4.the book is of the three.a. thinnerb . the thinnerc .morethinnerd.

40、 the thinnest 5.she looks than she is.a. the more olderb, very olderc. much olderd. more older6. the garden is becoming .a. more and more beautifulb. more beautiful and beautifulc. more beautiful and mored. more beautiful and beautifuler 7. hurry, speed.a. more; less b. much; littlec. the more; the

41、lessd. the much; the little 8 looking at his mother, the little boy looked .a. happy;goodb. happy; wellc. sad; sadlyd. sadly; sad三、依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子；1.這本書(shū)跟那本書(shū)一樣好玩；this book is that one.2.這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)好玩；this story is than that one.3.今日比昨天冷得多；it is today it was yesterday.4.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越感愛(ài)好；he is becoming in english.5.

42、他吃得越多，就越胖； he eats , he gets.6.他比我大兩歲；he is than i.四、副詞1.什么是副詞？副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、 形容詞、副詞或全句的詞， 以說(shuō)明時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念；we should listen to our teacherscarefully. in spring , i can see flowerseverywhere.2.副詞的種類有哪些？（ 1）方式副詞，如quickly,neatly,happily（ 2）地點(diǎn)、方位副詞，如here,away,outside,west（ 3）時(shí)間副詞，如yesterday,already,jus

43、t,now,before,later,often,sometimes（ 4）強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞， very,too,even,only,4.副詞在句中的位置和排列次序（ 1）時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)副詞，小在前，大在后； he comes fromnew york,america.（ 2）方式副詞，短在前，長(zhǎng)在后；please writeslowly and carefully.（ 3）方式 +地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間the old woman runsvery slowly along the river at 6:00 every morning.4.副詞同形容詞一樣也有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式；5.常見(jiàn)副詞的區(qū)分：（ 1） ver

44、y,much,very muchvery 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much 用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；very much用于修飾動(dòng)詞；john is very good.this garden is much bigger than that one.i love music very much 2so , such 1so 修飾形容詞或副詞； such 修飾名詞；my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him. he is such a boy. 2 so 修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+ 形容詞 +a/an+可數(shù)

45、名詞單數(shù)”； such 可修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不行數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+ （ a/an ）+形容詞 +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)/不行數(shù)名詞”；he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.it is such cold weather.they are such good students.提示：假如可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many,few或不行數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用 so 不 用 such ； 3also ,too, as well, eitheralso ,too, as well, 用于確定句， als

46、o 常用于 be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前， too, as well 用于句末； either 用于否定句末；my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.= my father is a teacher.my mother is a teacher as well.= my father is a teacher.my mother is a teacher,too. i can t speak french. jenny cant speak french,either.(4) sometime,sometimes

47、, some time, some timessometime 意為“某一時(shí)間“，可指將來(lái)， 過(guò)去；sometimes意為“有時(shí)”；sometime 指“一段時(shí)間”； some times指“幾次，幾倍”；we ll have a test sometime next month.sometimes we are busy and sometimes,we are not. he stayed in beijing for some time last year.i have been to beijing some times.例題引路一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1.he is too ti

48、red and he cant walk as quickas his father.2.i feel welltoday than yesterday.3.helen draws careof the girls in her class.二、單項(xiàng)挑選1.remember not to speak when we are in the reading room.a. fastb. slowlyc. politelyd.loudly 2.-what was the weather like yesterday.-it was terrible.it rained so that people

49、could go out. a.hardly; hardb. hardly; hardc. hard ; hardlyd. hard; hard3.there was an accident at the corner. ,the girl wasnt hurt.a.luckily; badlyb.luck; hardlyc. lucky; heavily d. lucky;strongly連接訓(xùn)練一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；1. who gets up early,yang linor miss liu.2. tom did well in the exam,so his classmate

50、s spoke highof him.3. he put on his coat and went out quick4. it s dangerous to stand outside,for the wind is blowing strong. 5.he learns math quick than the other students.6. english is wideused in the world.7. they don t know why you talked to them so angry. 8.it is raining heavy,so you d better n

51、ot go out now. 9.he did the work as careful as most of us.10.li lei and lin tao are working much hardthan before.二、單項(xiàng)挑選1. jack s brother doesn t work so as jack.a.harderb. hardc . hardestd. hardly 2.jim speaks chinese very .a. goodb. betterc. welld. best3. he drives much than he did three years ago.

52、a. carefulb. carefullyc . morecarefuld. morecarefully4. i think math is more difficult than english.a. muchb. veryc. tood. so5. my son looks today.he is playing with other children.a. happy; happyb. happy ; happilyc. happily; happilyd. happily; happy6. look. there is ice on the lake.a. too muchb. to

53、o manyc. much tood. so many7. she walked into the room because her mother was sleeping.a. clearb.quietc.quick. d. quietly8. jim s computer is than . dont you think so.a. a lot newer; lin taob. very new; lin taosc. much newer; lin taosd.a little newer; lin tao五、數(shù)詞1.什么是數(shù)詞？表示數(shù)目“多少” 和次序“第幾” 的詞叫數(shù)詞； 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞； 參看課本，記牢讀音和拼寫(xiě)；2.基數(shù)詞的用法（ 1） 表 示 “ 哪 一 年 ”， 每 兩 位 數(shù) 一 讀 ；1998 年，讀作nineteen ninety eight20xx 年讀作two thousand and nine2表示“幾點(diǎn)”at five o clock（ 3）表示編號(hào)no.101