八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)(共13頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) have /has (助動(dòng)詞)+done(過(guò)去分詞)說(shuō)明： 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞有規(guī)則形式和非規(guī)則形式兩種，規(guī)則形式同過(guò)去式的規(guī)則形式。非規(guī)則形式需要特殊記憶?？梢赃@樣分類(lèi)：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC AAA cost-cost-cost，hit-hit-hit，let-let-let，read- read-read, put-put-put，set-set-set hurt-hurt-hurt, cut-cut-cutABB buy-bought-bought，catch-caught-caught，teach-taught-taug

2、ht ,find-found-found，sell-sold-sold stand-stood-stood build-built-built sleep-slept-slept spend-spent-spentABA come-came-come，become-became-become ,run-ran-runABC break-broke-broken，fly-flew-flown，ride-rode-ridden ,take-took-taken，write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken, drive-drove-driven二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本

3、句式 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+Vpp+其他否定句：在助動(dòng)詞have/has后加上否定詞not一般疑問(wèn)句：將助動(dòng)詞have或has提到句首，肯定的簡(jiǎn)略回答是：Yes，主語(yǔ)have/has. 否定的簡(jiǎn)略回答是：No，主語(yǔ)have/has not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法 1、用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,可以和already, never, ever, just, before, yet等副詞連用。例如： They have left. (他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@

4、里)I have had my lunch. (我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓)He has seen the film. So he wont go with us. (看電影發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但現(xiàn)在仍然記得它的內(nèi)容。) 說(shuō)明：already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? 2、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，

5、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國(guó)。 How long have you been here? 你來(lái)這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）。例如

6、： (1)這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了三個(gè)月了。 錯(cuò)誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ 錯(cuò)誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在

7、的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday last week, .ago, in1990,in October, just now,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far,ever, never, just, yet,in the past few years, already, 句子中如有

8、過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get mar

9、ried等。She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))比較since和forsince 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從”,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)”。在有for 和since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞

10、，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been 表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has

11、) gone 表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)注意：第三人稱(chēng)”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過(guò)上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai

12、 for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _

13、one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study

14、 . has ; studied . are; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they

15、 go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished. will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years

16、 ago . were . have been . have become .have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't i

17、n the office. She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr. White been a member of Greene

18、r China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） 2、They have been here since 2000.

19、(提問(wèn)) _ have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao_ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Part

20、y three years _ .8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back re

21、cently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) John _ England since he came back.3) How long _ have _ this village?

22、4) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.5) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.6) I _ this school since three years ago.A）按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. be in sw. come/go/move to sw. -be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved

23、to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.bec

24、ome be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be de

25、adleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I