論文—英文(陳海濤)

1、weigh the merits and measures on our nationjoining oprc_hnschen haitaodalian changxing island msaabstract : on the basis of analysis and research on current transportation situation of noxious liquid carrying vessels, development trend , reasons and damage of pollution accident along the river and c

2、oast of yangtze river delta, weigh the merits and measures on our nation's joining oprc_hns are put forwarded and a mechanism of guarding, rescuing and compensation is established in this articlekey words: hns; pollution accident; measureinstruction:with the swift development of world economy, c

3、hemical product transportation(especially hns) is rising in international trade .this situation results in many sea perils which bring in major threat to ocean environment and seaman's life security. industry and shipping economy ,especially petrochemical industry, is thriving in yangtze river d

4、elta in recent years, and shipping volume of petrochemical material and products get huge increase. due to inevitable shipping risk, petroleum derivative and noxious liquid shipping have done a more and more serious threat to water environment 、 life security and other fields .therefore, this is urg

5、ent and necessary for us to analyze shipping risk and search resolution. with regards to above, it is important for our nation to join oprc-hns, and establish a mechanism of guarding, rescuing and compensation as soon as possible1 requirement of oprc-hns 2000 protocolli hazardous and noxious substan

6、ce(hns) definition and inclusive substancehns defined in oprc-hns 2000 protocol is the substance which will endanger health of human and marine organism, ruin the ocean environment and make sea water unavailable once pouring into ocean, excluding oils. hns defined in oprc-hns 2000 protocol is differ

7、ent from that in hns protocol. oprc-hns protocol only define hns, but not provide the hns list. oprc90 convention applies for oils, which include crude oil, fuel oil, sludge oil and refining products.oprc-hns protocol is an addendum of oprc90 convention, so it excludes oils. the quality of this kind

8、 of dangerous substance could achieve more than one million, among which around 50,000 kinds are shipping by merchant ships and the quality will continue to expand with the development of industry. ships loading hns cover bulks ship, dry cargo ship, container ship, oil tank, ore ship, multipurpose s

9、hip, chemicals and gas ship, etc.1.2 oprc-hns 2000 protocol required standardas what mentioned before, oprc90 convention is the core of oprc-hns2000 protocol, the latter is the extension of the former, therefore, the first step to join oprc-hns2000 protocol is to join oprc90 convention. the nations

10、applying for the member of oprc-hns2000 protocol need to satisfy following conditions: emergency plan of hns accident, nation contact net, basic emergency reaction resource, scientific evaluation to hns accident risk, a complete system from plan to actiom under the above conditions , we can quickly

11、respond to hns accident and effectively control hns pollution.2 the state, development trend and pollution of hns transportation in yangtze river delta hns shipping state in yangtze river deltafreight volume of hns shipping in yangtze river delta is huge. according to statistics, in 2000 ,hns shippi

12、ng accounted for 54.9% of the nation total, freight volume reached more than 6 million tons, and foreign trade accounted for 58%; in 2001, hns shipping accounted for 57.1% of the nation total, freight volume reached more than 8 million tons, and foreign trade accounted for 60%. in recent years, grow

13、th rate reaches 20% per yea匚freight volume of hns shipping in yangtze river delta is huge.the number of hns voyage in yangtze river delta is huge. according to statistics, in 2001he whole nation total reaches 20000, and the quality in yangtze river delta accounted for 48%.most of those ships own sma

14、ll capacity (1000-3000 m3) and more than 10-years-old age, hull condition is poor.the hns pollution accident state in yangtze river deltathere are nearly 100 hns ship pollution accidents in yangtze river delta between 90s to 2010. accidents by category can divided into accidental spill, operable spi

15、ll, sailing pollution and quay pollution etc. over 10 kinds of hns have spilled to cause accidents, the spilling volume reaches to more than 1000 tons, in、 which styrene account for 60.8%, oils account for 14.4%, sulfuric acid account for 14.4%.23 hns shipping development trend in yangtze river delt

16、a3 ships loading hns in yangtze river delta assume two main trends: more voyage and more large-scale.4 hns shipping in yangtze river delta will be more various, from 2000 on, the hns category has already reach over 120 and maintain growth momentum.5 the effect of joining oprc-hns 2000 protocol6 hns

17、ships and oil ships are pull onto the same platform in oprc-hns 2000 protocol, which is benefit for technical exchange in pollution prevention and cooperation between different countries, for sharing hns latest information, for promoting progress of hns related education, training, service and so on

18、. the members of oprc-hns 2000 protocol are required to make efforts on developing hns pollution prevention technique, promoting education and training when emergency occur and strengthening cooperation between members.7 positive factors for our country to join oprc-hns 2000 protocol.though joining

19、oprc-hns 2000 protocol, our country could constantly perfect the hns emergency system, keep tie up with other countries, establish resource pool of technical service and emergency plan, support and to be supported in time when accidents happen. the protocol members also could share the latest resear

20、ch accomplishment, study the valuable experience from each other, develop imo project and train emergency employee from the above action, protocol members could build basic reaction frame of preventing pollution at the level of nation and geography8 our measures after joining oprc-hns 2000 protocola

21、nalyzing the causes brought in pollution accidents, we realize the importance of joining oprc-hns 2000 protocol. once serious accidents happen, pollution will be a disaster to the environment, human health and social economy, therefore, we must carry out positive and effective measures to prevent hn

22、s pollution accident.9 perfect legislation, set policy, distribution rationally and avoid riskat present, hns operating ports are located mainly around sensitive region to environment and resource along shore of yangtze river and jiangsu province we should use foreign successful experience for refer

23、ence, make out suitable planning according regional characteristics and make efforts to locate high-risk hns to downstream and coastal region for harm reduction. at the same time, restrict hns industrial projects to spread over inland river according to regulations on the control over safety of dang

24、erous chemicals10 set policy to punish pollution producerinmarine environment protection law of prc.，the prevention and cure law on water pollution of the p.c.c，general rule of the civil law，criminal law of the people's republic of chinaand etc. laws, establish pollution investigation institutio

25、n, and explicitly stipulate civil .administration and criminal responsibility and punishment measures. judiciary and administrative organs should strictly investigate the client responsibility ,enhance control and punishment, urge client to self-discipline, make efforts to avoid pollution.43 enhance

26、 anticipating control to pollution accidentanticipating control is a effective way to avoid pollution. under the system of "human, machine, environment and controf we should prevent and control pollution accidents by the following ways: establish the effective mechanism of administration and se

27、lf-discipline aiming at accident reasons including staff, ships ,ports and sailing condition, strengthen personal and administration qualification ,improve security technical condition of hns ships and ports, optimize loading workmanship, enhance anticipating to mean weather and so on.11 strengthen

28、the reaction competence to pollution accidentsthe characteristics of hns pollution accidents include: emergency, influence, hard-control and hard to rescue. for the sake of reducing accident harm ,we should make quick reaction, do emergency measures disperse crew around ,muster professional staff an

29、d gather rescue facilities, protect sensitive environment resource.12 emergency planningin recent years, our country has developed the oil-flowing emergency system， established theoretical and actual planning frame ,and get goals in infrequent hns flowing accidents. hns emergency planning should sta

30、y the same with oil-flowing emergency system in the area of organization structure, requirement, survey and report, specific operation procedure, training and practice, finance and responsibility. emergency planning should be made round the core of governments to establish organization structure.13

31、emergency reaction information systemunder the gis platform ,we could design technical system to collect emergency information and coordinate parts ,develop software to supervise emergency equipment, staff and risk evaluation , do technical support to hns accident measures. under the help ofvts、c c

32、t v and web ,we do our best to record spot situation and transit more information to command center.14 emergency reaction guarding systemthe system should include :professional staff ,emergency equipment and financial reserves. the government，as the main body of this system, should make relevant fin

33、ancial policy, training professional company to clear pollution.l ).staff: rely mainly on professional company staff, and volunteer as supplement; gather police and troops to face serious and emergent situation15 )equipment: invest to construct nation's equipment warehouse in the environment sen

34、sitive area .accident-prone area and environment protection area. though financial policy, make manufacturer as equipment reverses; though laws, guarantee plenty related equipment in hns shipping and loading company.16 )finance: plenty financial reserves is the basic assuring of emergency planning. government should store financial reserves by the way of appro