非謂語動(dòng)詞口訣

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式， 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式三種； 這是高考中的熱點(diǎn)，其考查量多、面廣，幾乎是必考的一個(gè)學(xué)問點(diǎn)；近六年高考復(fù)現(xiàn)率 達(dá)百分之百； 縱觀試題， 其考查重點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞非謂語形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)分；同學(xué)對(duì)此學(xué)問也“知之半解 ”，深感頭疼；請(qǐng)看下面的方法，將有助于記住不定式及動(dòng)名詞；1、動(dòng)詞的不定式不定式有標(biāo)記，to 與動(dòng)詞連一起；沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備；主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語，唯獨(dú)作謂不行以；not 加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記；疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義；認(rèn)真推敲多摸索，精確判定有依據(jù)；解析：“to+動(dòng)詞原形 ”是它的基本構(gòu)成形式

2、，即不定式的標(biāo)記；它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 不管主語是任何人稱， 單數(shù)仍是復(fù)數(shù)， 動(dòng)詞不定式都沒有變化；但它仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語或狀語；它具出名詞、 形容詞和副詞三大特點(diǎn)， 所以，它在句中可以作主語、 賓語、定語、表語、狀語和賓補(bǔ)；“not 動(dòng)+詞不定式 ”是它的否定形式， 不要受其他否定式的影響， 要記住規(guī)律；疑問代詞 what, who, whom, which 和疑問副詞 where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主語，賓語、表語、狀語；通過以上分析， 只要認(rèn)真討論， 把不定式的功能用法搞清晰，在應(yīng)用時(shí)就能作出精確的判定；2、動(dòng)名詞：哪些動(dòng)詞后面只能接

3、動(dòng)名詞，下面的順口溜有助于記憶；喜愛、考慮不行免（ enjoy, consider, escape, avoi）d停止，舍棄太冒險(xiǎn)（ stop, give up , risk）反對(duì)想象莫推延（ mine, imagine, delay, put off） 要求完成是期望（ require, finish, look forward to. ）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載建議連續(xù)勤 * 練（ suggest, go on, practis）e不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持（ cant help, excuse , insist ）on連續(xù)留意使勝利（ keep on, mind, succeed in）1. everyon

4、e in our class was working hard and doing what we could a good college.a. enterb. to enterc. enteringd. entered【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選a ；有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could 就肯定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形enter；【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是b；此句為省略句， 即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞do， 如把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為everyone in our class was working hard and doing what wecould do to enter a good college；即

5、句中的不定式短語to enter a good college是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could一起構(gòu)成謂語；請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?1) they did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量勸慰她；(2) they did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力氣挽救她的性命；(3) he studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmate他s. 拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)；值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就肯定選帶

6、to 不定式；請(qǐng)看以下試題：(4) he ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus.a. to hopeb. hopec. hopingd. hoped此題的答案是c 不是 a ，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語hoping to catch the early bus用作相伴狀語；(5) he spent every minute he could spoken english.a. practiseb. to practise學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載c. practisingd. practised此題答案選c，這與前面動(dòng)詞spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spen

7、d . in doing sth；如將此句補(bǔ)充完整， 即為 he spent every minute he could spend in practising spokenenglish.(6) before going abroad he devoted all he could his oral english.a. improveb. to improvec. improvingd. to improving此題答案選 d，留意兩點(diǎn)：一是devote . to . 是固定搭配，意為 "把.奉獻(xiàn)給."；二是其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞；2.

8、 he knows nothing about it, so he can't help any of your work.a. doingb. to doc. being doingd. to be done【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選a ，依據(jù) can't help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出；【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選b；比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)： can't help to do sth = 不能幫忙做某事can't help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一題，答案也是b：she can't help the house because

9、 she's busy making a cake. a cleaningb. to cleanc. cleanedd. being cleaned再請(qǐng)看以下試題：while shopping, people sometimes can't help into buying something they don't really need.a. to persuadeb. persuadingc. being persuadedd. be persuaded學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載此題應(yīng)選 c，句中的can't help 意為"禁不住 " （留意依據(jù)

10、句意用被動(dòng)形式） ；3. all her time experiments, she has no time for films.a. devoted to do b. devoted to doingc. devoting to doing d. is devoted to doing【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選；【分析】此題正確答案為b；現(xiàn)分析如下：(1) devote 意為"致力于，獻(xiàn)身于 " ，主要用devote.to.或 be devoted to，其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式；(2) 選 a 錯(cuò)誤：如將do 改為 d

11、oing 就可以；(3) 選 b 正確： all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語；(4) 選 c 錯(cuò)誤：由于 all her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting 改為 devoted；(5) 選 d 錯(cuò)誤：如單獨(dú)看all her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯(cuò)， 但問題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假如在后一句的句首加上and 或 so，就可選 d，或?qū)?d 將中的 is 改為 being 也可選它；請(qǐng)做以下類似

12、題（答案均選a ）：(1) all the preparations for the project , we're ready to start.a. completed b. have been completedc. had been completed d. been completed(2) such the case, i couldn't help but him.a. being, support b. was, supportc. has been, supporting d. is, to support比較以下各題，答案選b，由于句中使用了并列連詞and：

13、(1) all the preparations for the project , and we're ready to start.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. completed b. have been completedc. had been completed d. been completed(2) such the case, i couldn't help but him.a. being, support b. was, supportc. has been, supporting d. is, to support4. the purpose of new tec

14、hnologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.a. not make b. not to makec. not making d. do not make【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選c，受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法；【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選b，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞and 或 but，not to make it more difficult是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說明；此句的意 思是"新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更簡(jiǎn)潔，而不是使生活變得更困難" ；兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說明句子

15、主語purpose 的內(nèi)容；請(qǐng)做以下類似試題 （答案選 b）：the purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but work for young people.a. provide b. to providec. providing d. provided5. the murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.a. to be tied b. being tiedc. tied d. having tied【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選b；【分析】正確答案為c；從意義上看，

16、hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除 d；在 a 、b、c 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)a 比較簡(jiǎn)潔排除，由于不定式表示將來意義，在此與語境不符；現(xiàn)將b 和 c 作一比較： b 為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它 表示兩層意義， 一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行， 也就是說his hands being tied 的實(shí)際意思是 " 他的手正在被捆住 " ，這明顯與語境不符； 而 c 為過去分詞， 它也表示兩學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)；由此可知正

17、確答案為 c；請(qǐng)看下面一題：anyone trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.a. finds b. foundc. being found d. will find答案選 b 而不選 c，其中的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成；比較下面兩題，正確答案是d 不是 a ，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行：(1) the court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case .a. argued b. to be argu

18、edc. to be arguing d. being argued(2) the silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages .a. turned b. having turnedc. to be turned d. being turned6. remind me the medicine tomorrow.a. of taking b. takingc. to take d. take【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選a ；受 remind sb of doing s

19、th 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響；【分析】正確答案為c；比較以下三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)： remind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remind sb of doing sth = 提示某人做過某事（示意動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）remind sb to do sth = 提示某人去做某事（示意動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載請(qǐng)看兩個(gè)例句：i reminded him of his promise. 我提示他做過的諾言；my wife reminded me of seeing that film.我妻子提示我曾經(jīng)看過那部電影；can you remind me to phone her tomorrow.你

20、明天能否提示我給她打電話.7. once your business becomes international, constantly will be part of your life.a. you fly b. your flightc. flight d. flying【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選；【分析】正確答案為 d；由于空格后顯現(xiàn)了 constantly 這一副詞，這就說明不能選 b 或 c，由于 b、c 均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾； a 和 d 均是可能的，由于其中有動(dòng)詞 fly ；但如選 a ，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語 will

21、be 相沖突，所以只能選 d，即動(dòng)名詞 flying 在此用作主語；8. not only should you get used under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention your work well.a. to work, to do b. to working, to doingc. to work, to doing d. to working, to do【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選a ，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)空白處均應(yīng)填不定式；【分析】正確答案為b，由于 get used to與 pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)

22、中的 to 均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形；類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的to 也是介詞， 不是不定式符號(hào)， 后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形：look forward to doing sth 希望做某事be opposed to doing sth反對(duì)做某事object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事get down to doing sth 開頭做某事學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載take to doing sth 喜愛上做某事admit to doing 承認(rèn)做了某事pay attention to doing st

23、h 留意做某事devote one's time to doing sth把某人的時(shí)間用于 奉獻(xiàn)于 做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事what do you say to doing sth 你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣9. both of my parents insisted a computer for me, but i don't think it is necessary.a. to buy b. buyingc. on buying d. in buying【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選b，誤認(rèn)為 insist 后不能接不定式，但可以接動(dòng)名詞；【分

24、析】答案應(yīng)選 c；其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞， 由于 insist通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；如語義上需接賓語，要借助介詞on 或 upon，即用于insist on upon doing sth；但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過其賓 語通常只能是that 從句，而不能是一般的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞；如：he insisted on seeing her home.他堅(jiān)持送她回家；i insisted that he should stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下；10. "do you have anything more , sir." "no.

25、you can have a rest or do something else."a. typing b. to be typedc. typed d. to type【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選d，依據(jù) have sth to do 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)推出；【分析】正確答案是b；的確，在 "have+賓語+不定式 " 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，如 i have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式to wash 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng) 式表示被動(dòng)意義； 但值得指出的是， 這類句型的主語

26、與其后的不定式具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如i have some clothes to wash中的 to wash 就是由該句主語i來完成的；而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的to type 這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語you學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載來完成的，而是由說話者"我"來完成的；比較：are you going to shanghai. do you have anything to take to your son.你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？i'm going to shanghai next week. i have a lot of things to tak

27、e with me.下個(gè)星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去；11. she took her son, ran out of the house, him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.a. put b. to putc. putting d. having put【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選b 或 c，誤認(rèn)為這考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法；【分析】正確答案選a ；句中的 took, ran, put, drove 為四并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一樣；類似地如答案選 a ：i got out of the taxi,

28、 the fare and dashed into the station.a. paid b. payingc. to pay d. having paid但是，下面一題稍有不同：hearing the news, he rushed out, the book on the table and disappeared into the distance.a. left; lain open b. leaving; lying openc. leaving; lie opened d. left; lay opened此題答案選 b，leaving 在此表結(jié)果， lying open 與其前

29、的動(dòng)詞 leave 有關(guān)，leave 后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中；12. the boss insisted that every minute made full use of the work well.a. be, to do b. was, doingc. be, doing d. was, to do學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選b；【分析】其實(shí)正確答案是a ；分析如下：(1) 第一空填be，是由于 insisted 后接 that 從句，從句謂語要用 "should+動(dòng)詞原形 " 這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should 也可省略；

30、(2) 其次空要填 to do，是由于此句謂語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，假如將此句轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語態(tài)，就是.should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及make use of . to do sth 利用.做某事 這一結(jié)構(gòu)；另外，仍有make the most of盡量利用 ， make the best of 盡類似例子：量利用 等短語也可能用于此類試題；請(qǐng)看以下(1) the old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of the p

31、ower station.a. to build b. buildingc. build d. built此題答案選a，不是b；為便于懂得，可先考慮以下結(jié)構(gòu)：.make use of every part of the materials to build the power station由此可見，make use of 的賓語是every part of the materials，其后的不定式to build the power station 為目的狀語；(2) does the way you thought of the water clean make any sense.a.

32、making b. to makec. how to make d. having made此題答案選 b，不是 a ；句子主語是the way，you thought of 是修飾主語的定語從句，不定式to make the water clean也是修飾主語的定語，也就是說，句子主語帶有兩個(gè)定語修飾語；13. the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.a. carried out b. carrying outc. carry out d. to carry out【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均

33、有可能誤選；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載【分析】答案選 a ；此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)分析如下：(1) that they would like to see the next year是修飾名詞the plan 的定語從句；(2) 由于 the plan 與空格處的carry out 有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞carried out；請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：(1) who do you think you'd like with you, a boy or a girl.a. to have go b. to have to goc. to have gone d. having to go在確定答案之前，我

34、們先來看看下面這個(gè)句子：i think i'd like to have a boy go with me.句中的go 要用原形，這是由于其前有表示使役的動(dòng)詞have；在此句中，假如對(duì)名詞 a boy 提問，便可得出：who do you think you'd like to have go with you.對(duì)比上面一題，答案很明顯是a ；(2) who did the boss his car this time.a. make wash b. make to washc. make washing d. making to wash在做此題之前，也請(qǐng)先看看下面這個(gè)句子：

35、 the boss made jack wash his car this time. 假如對(duì)句中的名詞jack 提問，便可得出：who did the boss make wash his car this time.由此可知上面題答案為a ；(3) you can never imagine what great difficulty i had your house all by myself.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. found b. findingc. to find d. for finding此題答案選 b；考查的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是have great difficulty in doing

36、 sth；14. how happy we are. the holiday we have been looking forward atlast.a. to has come b. to have comec. to having come d. has come【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選；【分析】其實(shí)正確答案是a ；大家知道，短語look forward to 意為 "希望" ，其中的to 是介詞，而不是不定式符號(hào)，所以后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞，很多同學(xué)據(jù)此便挑選了 c；但問題是，句中介詞to 的賓語不是 have come，而是 the holiday；正解的句子分析

37、是： the holiday 為句子主語， we have been looking forward to 是修飾主語的定語從句 介詞 to 的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that，被省 略，has come 是句子謂語；請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：(1) the man you referred to just now.a. comes b. comec. coming d. came答案選 d，句子主語為the man， you referred to 為修飾 the man 的定語從句，空白處填came，為句子謂語；(2) the theory he sticks to to be of no

38、use in our studies.a. proves b. provec. proving d. be proved答案選 a ，he sticks to 是修飾主語the theory 的定語從句， 句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 the theory proves to be of no use in our studies.(3) the work he devoted his time to worth praising.a. was b. bec. being d. been學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載答案選 a ，he devoted his time to 是修飾主語the work 的定語從句；句子

39、的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為the work was worth praising.(4) i think this is the very work that we must finish her.a. to help b. helpc. helping d. helped答案是 a；句中空格處填的動(dòng)詞 help 并不是 finish 的賓語， 正確的句子分析是： that i must finish 是修飾名詞 the very work 的定語從句， finish 的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的狀語；(5) which do you enjoy

40、your weekend, swimming or fishing.a. spending b. being spentc. spend d. to spend答案選d；enjoy的賓語是句首的疑問詞which，不是其后的動(dòng)詞spending；此題中的to spend. 用作目的狀語；(5) what the boy enjoys to have a room of his own.a. being b. to bec. is d. are答案選 c，而不選 a ；what the boy enjoys 是主語從句， 空格處填的is 為謂語動(dòng)詞；(6) nothing that he sugg

41、ested to be of any use.a. prove b. proved c. proving d. to prove答案選 b，而不選 c；句子主語是 nothing，that he suggested是修飾主語的定語從句， suggested 的賓語是引導(dǎo)該定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，而不是其后的動(dòng)詞；句子謂語是 proved；全句意為 " 他建議的情形沒有一條是有用的； "(7) the old house we paid a visit at the top of the hill.a. standing b. to standc. to standin

42、g d. to stands學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載答案選 d；we paid a visit to 是修飾 the old house 的定語從句， 句中的 stands為主句謂語；(8) the life he is now used quite different from ours.a. is b. to bec. to being d. to is答案選 d；句中 he is now used to 是修飾the life的定語從句， to 后的動(dòng)詞is是句子的謂語，句意為 "他現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的這種生活與我們的生活很不相同"；(9) the work he paid speci

43、al attention to nothing.a. came b. to comec. to coming d. to came答案選 d；句中的 he paid special attention to 是修飾the work 的定語從句，to 后的動(dòng)詞came 是句子的謂語，句意為" 他特殊關(guān)注的那項(xiàng)工作泡湯了"；(10) the result what he said would lead his regret in the future.a. is b. to bec. to being d. to was答案選 d；句中 what he said would l

44、ead to 是修飾 the result 的定語從句， to后的動(dòng)詞was 是句子的謂語， 句意為 "他所說的話將導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是他今后的懊悔" ；15. the road round to the right and you'll find his house.a. follow b. followingc. to follow d. followed【陷阱】簡(jiǎn)潔誤選b 或 c，誤認(rèn)為這是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語；【分析】正確答案選a ；依據(jù)句中的連詞and 可推知它是一個(gè)并列句；假如將此題改為下面這樣，就答案為b： the road round to the right,

45、 you'll find his house.a. follow b. following學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載c. to follow d. followed但是，如改成下面一題這樣，就答案為c不定式短語表目的 ： the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.a. follow b. followingc. to follow d. followed請(qǐng)做以下試題，答案均選a，都是由于句中的并列連詞and（填空句為祈使句）：(1) to the top of the hill, and you can

46、 see the whole of the town.a. get b. to getc. getting d. having got(2) the milk and set a good example to the other children.a. drink b. to drinkc. drinking d. having drinking(3) me, and then try to copy what i do.a. watch b. watchingc. to watch d. have watching(4) through this book and tell me what

47、 you think of it.a. look b. lookingc. to look d. having looked(5) it with me and i'll see what i can do.a. leave b. leavingc. if you leave d. when left有時(shí)不用連詞連接句子，而用破折號(hào)，情形也是一樣答案均選 a ；如：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(6) down the radio - the baby's asleep in the next room.a. turn b. turningc. to turn d. to have turned(7) some of this juice - perhaps you will like it.a. try b. tryingc. to try d. to have tried以下各題也應(yīng)選 a ，是由于句中的從屬連詞when, before, until 等（填空句為祈使