初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專講專練

1、初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專講專練動(dòng)詞一、 動(dòng)詞的種類和形式動(dòng)詞可分為連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞四大類1 連系動(dòng)詞：本身意義不完整，其后須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。除be外，還有表示感覺和變化的系動(dòng)詞：feel感到，look看起來(lái)，sound聽起來(lái)，smell聞起來(lái)，seem似乎，become變成，get變?yōu)?，turn變得，grow變得，keep保持,等。它們變否定句和疑問句時(shí)仍按實(shí)意動(dòng)詞處理。2 助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但有人稱和數(shù)的變化，只能和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，來(lái)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定、疑問句等。do/does/did用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的否定和疑問句中。have/ has /ha

2、d與過去分詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。be(am, is, are, was, were)與現(xiàn)在分詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，be(am, is, are, was, were)與及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞連用構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。shall(should), will(would)與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)。3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，有一定的意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，彼此之間互相排斥。常用的有：can(could)能，may(might)可以，dare敢，need需要，must必須，have to(had to)不得不,等。4 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞：有實(shí)在意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

3、，在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。l 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞和非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)動(dòng)詞可以和一段時(shí)間連用，常見的有：learn學(xué)習(xí)，live居住/生活，deep保持，stay逗留/呆在，teach教，work工作,等，非持續(xù)動(dòng)詞是表示瞬間的動(dòng)作（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），即動(dòng)作一發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束，不能持續(xù)下去。常見的有：arrive到達(dá)，become成為，begin開始，buy買，catch抓住/趕上，die死，enter進(jìn)入，fall落下，fall ill生病，go走，get得到，join參加，leave離開/丟下，lend借給，borrow借入，finish完成，stop停止,等，它們不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。l

4、 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞：能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞（vt.），不能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）。常用不及物動(dòng)詞有：come來(lái)，go去/走，walk走路，work工作，sleep睡覺，swim游泳，laugh大笑，happen發(fā)生，arrive到達(dá)，fall下落，jump跳，lie躺/說謊，listen聽，stay逗留/呆在，live居住/生活常用及物動(dòng)詞有：tell講述/告訴，raise舉起/抬起，buy買，find發(fā)覺/找到有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：close關(guān)閉/關(guān)，open打開/開，begin開始，study學(xué)習(xí)/研究，stop停止l 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： 不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞

5、=及物動(dòng)詞 look at看，look for尋找，look after照料，arrive at/in到達(dá)，laugh at嘲笑，knock at敲，listen to聽，talk to/with與交談，say to對(duì)說，speak to向講話，get to/into進(jìn)入，wait for等待，send for派人去請(qǐng)，come from/into來(lái)自于，進(jìn)入，play with玩 及物動(dòng)詞+副詞（賓語(yǔ)是代詞，只能放在副詞之前；賓語(yǔ)是名詞，一般放在副詞之后，也可放在副詞之前。） send up發(fā)射，put on穿上，put away收藏好，set up建立，lookup查閱，take out拿

6、出，write down寫下/記下，take away拿走，take down拿下，take off脫下，turn on打開，turn off關(guān)上，turn down關(guān)小點(diǎn)，turn up 調(diào)高 find out查清。 不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞（其后不接賓語(yǔ)） hold on抓住，come down下來(lái)，get up起床，hurry up趕快，stand up站起來(lái)， 其它短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及習(xí)慣搭配 catch up with趕上， make friends with與交朋友，be busy doing sth忙于做某事，spend time (in) doing sth花時(shí)間做某事， stop sb fro

7、m doing sth阻止某人做某事二、動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五中基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形；第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在式；過去式；過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這五中形式和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)1 第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在式的構(gòu)成，規(guī)則如下（與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)同）：1） 以元音字母結(jié)尾的一般在動(dòng)詞后加s：sees, comes2） 以o, sh, ch, x字母結(jié)尾的一般在其后加es: does, catches3） 元音字母加y結(jié)尾的，直接加s: plays, pays4） 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，把y改成i再加es: flyflies, study-studies 2規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式與過去分詞的構(gòu)成：1） 一般情況

8、在動(dòng)詞后加ed：worked, helped, called, wanted, needed2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加d：hoped, liked, agreed, changed3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先將y變?yōu)閕，再加ed：carried, studied4）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音的動(dòng)詞，雙寫該輔音字母后再加ed：stopped, preferred5）還有不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，要記熟（已另外分類）3動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成： 1）一般情況，加ing：going, asking 2）以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加ing：comecoming, write-writing 3）以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞都

9、直接加ed：studying, carrying, playing 4）以輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫其輔音字母后，再加ing： putputting, cutcutting, spitspitting5) 特例：diedying, tietying, lielying 三、常見時(shí)態(tài)的主要用法： 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞加s，其他用動(dòng)詞原形）1） 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 we go to school by bike every day. he always gets up

10、very early.2） 表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài) he is in beijing now. you look pale.3） 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理 water boils at 100. the sun rises in the east.4） 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作 when i grow up, ill be a teacher. if you see him, will you tell him to come?5） 表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用begin, go, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞 tomorrow is sun

11、day. school begins next monday.6） 用于圖表、戲劇、電影的說明，或體育比賽中迅速、短暫動(dòng)作的解說jim passes the ball to bob. bob shoots fine shot!吉姆把球傳給了鮑博，鮑博投籃，好球！ 2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（be(is/ am /are)+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成） 1） 表示在說話的時(shí)刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 he is watching tv now. 2） 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作有間斷的延續(xù)活動(dòng) she is translating a novel now. 3） 表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（限于go, come,

12、 stay, leave, start） he is going to shanghai tomorrow afternoon. they are coming to see you tomorrow. 4） 表示一種尚未完結(jié)的漸變過程 the boy is dying fast. 這個(gè)男孩快要死了。 3一般過去時(shí)（動(dòng)詞加ed） 1） 表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) the train arrived 10 minutes ago. he was ill yesterday. 2） 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 when i was a student, i often p

13、layed football. he often came to see last year. 3） 表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作 he came into the room, put down his school bag and began to do his homework. 4） 在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作的關(guān)系 he walked as he sang a song. 4過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1） 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這一特定的時(shí)間往往須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示： when i came in, he was doing his homework. i was w

14、atching tv at eight yesterday evening. 2） 表示過去將來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（限于go, come, stay, leave, start） he wanted to know who was leaving for tianjin tomorrow. he asked whether she was starting off the next day. 5一般將來(lái)時(shí)（will+動(dòng)詞原形，(be going to)+動(dòng)詞原形） 1） 表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 they will come to work in this factory every year. f

15、rom tomorrow on, he will come to teach us english once a week. 2） 表示預(yù)見 he will come back soon. it is going to rain soon. 3） 表示意圖 i will write to him tomorrow. i will do it right now. 4） 在疑問句中表示征詢對(duì)方意見 will you come with me? 5） 表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 he is going to nanjing tomorrow. 6）表示根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事態(tài),用于

16、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中. if he comes tomorrow, i will tell him about it. 6過去將來(lái)時(shí)（would/should+動(dòng)詞原形, was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形,） 表示過去某一時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。 he said that he would come to see me. he said it was going to rain. 7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（由have/has+done構(gòu)成） 1） “已完成用法”：指動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前，并且已經(jīng)完成，結(jié)果與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。 he has turned off the

17、lights.（說話時(shí)已經(jīng)關(guān)完了） 2） “未完成用法”：(只能用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛結(jié)束。（時(shí)間一般用：for, since, so far, ever since, by the end of 等） i have just finished my work. i has not cleaned the room for two days. he has been to london twice. you have kept the book for one week. this is the best book i have ever

18、read. 8 過去完成時(shí)（由had+done構(gòu)成） 1） 表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間一般用by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 she had learned english before she went to england. when we got to the field, the football match had already begun. 2） 表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間常用for, since短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。 by the time i left the school i had taug

19、ht that class for twelve years. he said that the school had changed a lot since his graduation.四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：is/am/are +. 2一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+. 3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will be + . 4過去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：would be + . 5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been + . 6過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：had been + . 7現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：is/am/are being + . 8過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

20、：was/were being + .五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本詞義和用法 1can的基本詞義和用法 1） 能，可以，可能 she can speak five foreign languages. they can repair the car at once. 2） 用在否定句,疑問句,或感嘆句中,表示驚異,懷疑,不相信, 可能 this cant be true. where can she be? how can you be so sure of yourself 3） 用在由so that和in order that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，表目的。 he is sitting in the fr

21、ont of the classroom so that he can hear clearly. 4） 用在口語(yǔ)中代替may表示許可 you can / may go now. can / may i come in, mr. wang?2 could的基本詞義和用法能，可以，可能，與can的1）2）3）中用法相似4） 用在口語(yǔ)中用來(lái)委婉地提出問題，表“懇請(qǐng)”“請(qǐng)求”，無(wú)時(shí)間差別could you help me with my english?3 may: 可以，可能，祝（愿）1） 表示說話人允許或征求對(duì)方的意見you may go now. may i come in?2） 表示說話人對(duì)

22、某一件事可能性的猜測(cè)the news may be true. he may come tomorrow.3） 用在感嘆句中表“祝愿、愿望”may you be happy!4 might: 可以，可能，也許，應(yīng)該1） may的過去式，多用于間接引語(yǔ)中she said that he might borrow her bike.he asked if he might ask a question.2） 代替may表推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣更委婉更不肯定she might come tomorrow.might i ask a question?5 must: 必須，一定1） 表示必須做某事i must g

23、o to see him tomorrow.we must obey rules.2） 表示對(duì)事物的推測(cè)it must be your book. if he leaves at five, he must be at home now.3） 用在否定句中表“禁止”you mustnt smoke here. 6shall : 好嗎？ 用于第一人稱作主語(yǔ)的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見。 shall i get some chalk for you? shall we go there by bus? 7will : 請(qǐng) 好嗎？ 用于第二人稱的疑問句，表請(qǐng)求或詢問，would較will婉轉(zhuǎn)

24、 will you please have some more coffee? would you like to wait another few minutes? 8need : 用于否定句和疑問句中，表“需要”“必要”（很少用于肯定句） you need not go shopping today. need he leave so soon? 回答用need或must提問的問句時(shí)，肯定句一律用must，否定句用need not或dont have to need we attend the evening party yes, you must. / no, you neednt. (

25、you dont have to.) need也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后跟to do sth he doesnt need to go there. = he neednt go there. does he need to go there = need he go there動(dòng)詞專練( ) 1. ill go with you as soon as i my homework. a. will finish b. finish c. am finishing d. finishes( ) 2. if it tomorrow, i wont go to the cinema. a. will ra

26、in b. rains c. is raining d. rain( ) 3. she is going to be a nurse when she up. a. is going to grow b. grows c. growing d. grow( ) 4. he this colour tv set for half a year. a. used b. uses c. has used d. is used( ) 5. 這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。which of the following is wrong?a. i have had this book for three mon

27、ths.b. i have bought the book for three months.c. i bought this book three months ago.d. it is three months since i bought the book.( ) 6. by the end of last term we four english films. a. have seen b. had seen c. saw d. see( ) 7. my father usually breakfast. a. cook b. cooks c. is cooking d. is coo

28、ked( ) 8. do you know why an apple down and not up? a. falls b. falling c. fall d. fallen( ) 9. the twins chinese in an evening school now. a. is studying b. are studying c. studies d. have studied( ) 10. we to learn english three years ago. a. begin b. began c. begun d. have begun( ) 11. we often t

29、his game when we were young. a. playing b. played c. play d. have played( ) 12. she looks better now. she terrible at this time yesterday. a. felt b. feeling c. feels d. was feeling( ) 13. he asked me what i the next sunday. a. will do b. would do c. had done d. have done( ) 14. when i got up this m

30、orning, it . a. was raining b. rained c. rains d. is raining( ) 15. you at home with me. a. had better stay b. have better stayc. had better to stay d. have better to stay( ) 16. im sorry to have kept you . a. waited b. wait c. to wait d. waiting( ) 17. i have finished two english novels since i cam

31、e to this school. a. to read b. read c. reading d. readed( ) 18. he to beijing. he left this afternoon. a. has gone b. was c. has been d. goes( ) 19. the train for ten minutes. a. has gone b. has left c. has been away d. has been( ) 20. dont while the glass. its dangerous. a. play b. make c. clean d

32、. wash( ) 21. dont forget in your maths exercises tomorrow. a. hand b. to hand c. handing d. for handing( ) 22. the teacher told the students in class. a. didnt talk b. not talk c. not to talk d. talk( ) 23. it is not easy a foreign language. a. to learn b. learning c. for learning d. learn( ) 24. w

33、ould you please show us where a. going to b. to go c. go d. going( ) 25. the man downstairs asked peter down the radio a lot. a. to turn b. turning c. turn d. turns( ) 26. they heard the girl in the next room just now. a. to sing b. sing c. sings d. sang( ) 27. he got up very late the early bus. a.

34、to catch b. catching c. caught d. catch( ) 28. please put up your hand if you have any questions . a. asking b. ask c. asks d. to ask( ) 29. youd better too much meat. a. dont eat b. not to eat c. eat not d. not eat( ) 30. may i smoke here no, you . a. dont b. mustnt c. cant d. may not( ) 31. must w

35、e clean our classroom now? a. mustnt b. cant c. dont d. neednt( ) 32. i would like your ten speed bicycle. a. to see b. seeing c. see d. saw( ) 33. ill lend you my dictionary, but you can only it for one day. a. lend b. borrow c. have d. keep( ) 34. carefully and try to what he says. a. listen to, h

36、ear b. listen, listenc. hear, listen to d. listen, hear( ) 35. this kind of wine is made wheat. a. of b. from c. in d. into( ) 36. we nanjing on tuesday morning. a. got b. arrived at c. reach d. reached( ) 37. they the sick man to hospital at once. a. brought b. got c. carried d. took( ) 38. can you it in english? a. speak b. say c. tell d. talk( ) 39. the watch me two hundred yuan. a. spent b. paid c. cost d. costed( ) 40. it takes me 30 minutes to school by bike. a. going b. to go c