英語句子成分詳解

1、英語句子成分簡析 英語句子成分1、 句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。 主要成分： 句子成分 次要成分：2、 各成分分析（一）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和從句等表示。例如：1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （ ）2. We often speak English in class.（

2、 ）3. Forty sounds similar to fourteen. （ ）4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）5. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（ ）6. Smoking does harm to the health.（ ）7. The rich should help the poor.（ ）8. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ）9. It is necessar

3、y that he should attend the meeting tomorrow. ( )10. That he is all-round stirs the interest of all the judges. ( )（二）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞或動詞短語在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。例如：1. We come. 2. Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3. They have learned three English songs already.4. We h

4、ave been looking forward to his visit.5. He is a student.6. He looks quite happy today.注：系動詞用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的身份，狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)特征等。系動詞可分為以下六類：1） 狀態(tài)系動詞：be He is ill. He is a student.2) 持續(xù)系動詞：keep, remain, stay, last. He always keep silent at the meeting. Eggs can stay fresh for a long time in the fridge.3) 表象系動詞

5、：seem, appear, look He seems (to be) very sad.4) 感官系動詞：feel, smell, taste, sound This kind of cloth feels very soft. This dish tastes delicious.5) 變化系動詞：become, grow, turn, go, get. He went crazy. Leaves tun green in spring. 6) 終止系動詞：prove, turn out The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a succ

6、ess. （三）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句表示。例如：1. Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）2. Is it yours?（ ）3. The weather has turned cold.（ ）4. The speech is exciting.（ ）5. The cup is broken. ( )6. Three times seven i

7、s twenty one?（ ）7. His job is to teach English.（ ）8. The question is when and where to go for a picnic. ( )9. His job is teaching English.（ ）10. The machine must be out of order.（ ）11. The meeting is of great importance. ( )12. Time is up. The class is over.（ ）13. Are they in? ( ) 14. The truth is t

8、hat he has never been abroad.（ ）15. The question is when and where we will go for a picnic. ( )（四）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。（不及物動詞動詞沒有賓語）賓語一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞、不定式、動名詞短語和從句。例如：1. They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（ ）2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（ ）3. How

9、many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ）4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）5. He pretended not to see me.（ ）6. Alice thinks it interesting to swim with her sister. （）7. I enjoy listening to popular music.（）8. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（）9. I dont know where th

10、e sports meeting will be held. ( )雙賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （ ）是直接賓語，( )是間接賓語?？偨Y(jié)：有些及物動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如give, pass, tell等，這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)是人，一個(gè)是物，其中_是直接賓語，_是間接賓語。常見的這類及物動詞有：1） To: give, pass, tell, write, send, show, hand, bring, lend.2） For: buy, cook, order, choose.（五）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個(gè)直

11、接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：1)某些及物動詞如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ) 2)with/leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：1. His father named him Tom.（ ）2. We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. ( )3. They painted their boat white.（ ）4. I find it very interesting to listen to some music. ( )5.

12、 Let the fresh air in.（ ）6. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（ ）7. The teacher asked the students to close the windows. ( )8. We saw her entering the room.（ ）9. I saw a cat running across the road. ( )10. He found his house broken into when he got home. ( )11. I had my car repaired yest

13、erday. ( )12. We found everything in the lab in good order.（ ）13. Did you see him under the tree alone. ( )14. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式六種形式）1. He is used to sleeping with the door open. ( )2. With her parents dead, th

14、e girl had to left school. ( )3. Mary left the room with all the lights on. （ ）4. With his parents away, Tom became more naughty. ( )5. With a book in his hand, the teacher walked in. ( )6. The girl looked up with tears in her eyes. ( )7. With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter

15、. ( )8. With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy. ( )9. With the work done, she felt greatly relieved. ( )10. He looks much younger with his hair cut. ( )11. With so much work to do, i have no time to play. ( )12. With her to go with us, we are sure to have a pleasant journey. ( )（六）定

16、語：限定或修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語和從句等表示：1. Guiling is a beautiful city.（ ）2. There are thirty women teachers in our school. （ ）3. This is a pencil box. （ ）4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）5. The best boy here is Tom. （ ）6. The box there is quite hea

17、vy. （ ）7. Two students need two pens. （ ）8. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） 9. The broken cup isnt mine. （ ）10. Do you know the girl standing under the tree? （ ）11. I want to apply for the position advertised in the yesterdays newspaper. （ ）12. The smiling boy liked

18、 the pen bought by his mother. （ ）13. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）14. There is nothing to do today. （ ）15. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）16. The boy in blue is Tom. （ ）17. The boy you will know is Tom. （ ）18. There are five boys who will play th

19、e game. （ ）19. The girl who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （ ）注意：1）形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞和單個(gè)的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。 2）形容詞修飾不定代詞some, any, no.及something, anything, everyone.時(shí)放其后。 3）else常做后置定語。 4）介詞短語、動詞不定式、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語及定語從句常做后置定語。（七）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.

20、Light travels most quickly.（ ）2. He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（ ）4. He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）5. Wait a minute.（ ）6. Once you begin, you must continue.（ ） 狀語種類如下：1）時(shí)間狀語 How about meeting again at six

21、? The train had left before we got to the railway station. It was then that I recognize him at the airport.2)原因狀語（because of, due to, as a result of, because, since, as, now that.） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. Since all of us are here, lets begin our meeting. Havin

22、g finished my homework, I went out to play football. 3)條件狀語 I shall go there if it doesnt rain. If I were you, I wouldnt say that. I wont come unless Im invited. 4)地點(diǎn)狀語 Mr Smith lives on the third floor. We, young people, should go where there are alot of difficulties. 5)方式狀語 I will go to visit the

23、museum by bike this Sunday. He looked at me strangely.5)伴隨狀語 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. The children came into the classroom, singing and laughing.6)目的狀語(in order to/ so as to/ to, in order that/so that) To/In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. I must work harder so as to/in order to/to catch up with others. I must work harder in order that/so that I can catch up with others. In order that I can catch up with others, I must work harder.7)結(jié)果狀語(so that, so.that, such.that) He was so tired that he f