2022年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞十五類(lèi)

1、新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞十五類(lèi)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類(lèi)，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化較多，形式頗為復(fù)雜，是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)之一。歷屆高考英語(yǔ)試題常把動(dòng)詞作為測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)，在單項(xiàng)填空題中所占比例在50% 以上。我們通過(guò)對(duì)近十年來(lái)的高考英語(yǔ)試題進(jìn)行分析，歸納?？紕?dòng)詞十五類(lèi)，供大家參考。一、連系動(dòng)詞類(lèi)連系動(dòng)詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下3 種： 1 變化類(lèi)表事物發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程， 如 become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。 2感覺(jué)類(lèi)表人體部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look等。 3 狀態(tài)類(lèi)表

2、事物所處的狀態(tài)， 如 keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。連系動(dòng)詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)（如 feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： the mixture is tasted terrible.（誤） the mixture tastes terrible（正）【高考例題】(1) -do you like the material? -yes, it _ very soft. (nmet94)（西安分卷 3） a. is feeling b. f

3、elt c. feels d. is felt (2) why dont you put the meat in the fridge? it will _ fresh for several days. (nmet 03) a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed (3) the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (04春季高考上海卷） a. seat b. seating c. seated d

4、. to be seating (4) be careful when you cross this very busy street. if not, you may _ run over by a car. (02高考北京卷） a. have b. get c. become d. turn (5) happy birthday, alice. so you have _ twenty-one already. (04天津卷） a. become b. turned c. grown d. passed (6) sarah, hurry up. im afraid you cant hav

5、e time to _ before the party. (04全國(guó)卷 ii) a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change (7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (04湖北卷）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - a. got b. changed c. went d. appeared (8 )the

6、 flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海卷） a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. to be smelt (9) although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. (02春上海卷）a. proves b. remains c. maintains d. continues (10) i love to go to the seaside in summ

7、er. it _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. a. does b. feels c. gets d. makes 二、感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi)?？嫉母泄賱?dòng)詞有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官動(dòng)詞的主要作用是后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。 1 后接不帶 to 的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過(guò)或者還沒(méi)發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作。 i often heard the song sung, but i have never heard you sing it. whe

8、n you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the chinese football team win. 2后接 v-ing 形式表伴隨的動(dòng)作。 seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. hearing this, i felt my heart beating fast. 3后接 v-ed 形式表被動(dòng)意義。 after his return twenty years later, he found hi

9、s home town greatly changed. although i had learnt some english, i had never heard a word of it spoken. 【高考例題】 (1) the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (nmet 2000) a. carry out b. carrying out c. carried out d. to carry out (2) a cook will be immediately fired

10、 if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( nmet 03) a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. smoked (3) the missing boys were last seen _ near the river. a. playing b. to be playing c. play d. to play (4) the salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. (nmet93) a. to have stolen b. to be stealing

11、 c .to steal d. stealing (5) he looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - a. put b. to be putting c. to put d. putting (04春北京卷）三、使役動(dòng)詞類(lèi)表 “致使”意義的動(dòng)詞稱之為使役動(dòng)詞， 如 make, let, have, keep, leave, set, se

12、nd等。使役動(dòng)詞的作用是后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。分以下三種情況： 1. make, let have等后接不帶to 的不定式，表“使讓某人某物做某事”。 dont make him do it if he doesnt want to. if you have any problems, just let me know. 在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式須帶to ，但是 have 不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中 . he was made to apologize to the guest. 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接 v-ing 形式，

13、表持續(xù)性動(dòng)作。 im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. why do you have him worrying about his lessons? 3. have, keep, leave等后接 v-ed 形式，表被動(dòng)含義。 he didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired. ill keep you informed as soon as i have the news. 【高考例題】（1)dont leave the waterwhile you b

14、rush your teeth. (04天津卷） a. run b. running c. being run d. to run (2)laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents(04 重慶卷） a. worried b. to worry c. worrying d. worry (3) -why did you go back to the shop? -i left my friend _ there. (03春安徽內(nèi)蒙古卷） a. waiting b. to wai

15、t c. wait d. waits (4) it was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (nmet91) a. to burn b. burn c. burning d. burned (5) -good morning, can i help you? -id like to have this package _，madam. a. be weighed b. weighing c. weighed d. to weigh (nmet89) (6) the speaker raised his voice but still c

16、ouldnt make himself _(nmet91) a. hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard (7) as you have never been there before, ill have someone _ you the way. (94上海卷） a. show b. to show c. showing d. showed (8) paul doesnt have to be made _he always works hard. (nmet95) a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p

17、 d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -learning (9) a computer can do only what thinking people _(99上海卷） a. have it do b. have it done c. have done it d. having it done (10) mrs. brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong. (98年上海卷） a. it b

18、. it repaired c. repaired d. to be repaired 四、含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感動(dòng)詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，有 v-ing 和 v-ed 兩種形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)， v-俄

19、ed 形式指人，v-ing 形式則指事物。 the story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. what disappointing result! we were all disappointed with it. climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 【高考例題】 (1) nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he do

20、es _ his boss. (2000春北京安徽內(nèi)蒙古卷） a. serves b. satisfies c. promises d. supports (2) -im very _ with my own cooking. it looks nice smells delicious. -mm, it does have a _ smell. (02春 nmet ) a. pleasant; pleased b. pleased; pleased c. pleasant; pleasant d. pleased; pleasant (3) mr. smith, _ of the _ spe

21、ech, started to read a novel. (03春北京卷） a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring (4) it is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海聾） a. interested; interest b. interesting；be interested c. interested； be interesting d. interesting; interest (5) after

22、 his journey from abroad, richard jones returned home _.(04 春上海卷） a. being exhausted b. exhausted c. exhausting d. having exhausted 五、后接不定式動(dòng)詞類(lèi)精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want,

23、wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 thank you for offering to help, but i can manage myself. he learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy. 【高考例題】 (1) we agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (nmet95) a. having met b. meeting c. to meet d. to have met (2) little

24、 jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (nmet92) a. to be taken b. to take c. being taken d. taking (3) i dont know whether you happen， but im going to study in the u s a this september. (04遼寧卷） a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard (4) she pretendedme when i passed by.

25、 (nmet89) a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see d. having not seen (5) do let your mother know all the truth. she appears _ everything. (01高考上海卷） a. to tell b. to be told c. to be telling d. to have been told 六、后接 v-ing 形式動(dòng)詞類(lèi)該 類(lèi) 動(dòng) 詞 常 考 的 有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy

26、, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep，mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk, stand, suggest 等。這些動(dòng)詞須接v-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如； i dont mind waiting, but ive got to stand in the cold wind. have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? only by practising speaking english every day can you

27、 expect to improve your spoken english. 【高考例題】（1) i would appreciate _ back this afternoon. a. you to call b. you call c. your calling d. youre calling (2) while shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96年上海卷） a. to persuade b. persuading c. being persuad

28、ed d. be persuaded (3) he has always insisted on his _ dr. turner instead of mr. turner. (92上海卷） a. been called b. called 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - c. being called d. having called (4) i really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (04年上

29、海卷） a. to have had time b. having time c. to have time d. to having time (5) do you mindalone at home? (94年上海卷） a. jane leaving b. jane having left c. janes being left d. jane to be left (6) i can hardly imagine peter _ across the atlantic ocean in five days. (nmet91) a. sail b. to sail c. sailing d

30、. to have sailed 七、后接不定式與v-ing 形式意義不同動(dòng)詞類(lèi) remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help 等后接不定式與 v-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)含義不同。見(jiàn)下表：動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)remember 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來(lái)的動(dòng)作try 嘗試做某事努力做某事regret 對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾mean 意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on 繼續(xù)做未完成的事情做完一件事后， 接著做另一件事forget 忘記以前曾做過(guò)某事忘記做

31、某事stop 中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做的事去做別的事例如： i remember being pad, but ive forgotten the exact amount. please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me. i dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards. 【高考例題】（1）-the light in the office is still on. (nmet91)

32、 -oh, i forgot _. a. turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. having turned it off (2) -you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (nmet95) -well, now i regret _ that. a. to do b. to be doing c. to have done d. having done 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁(yè)，共

33、12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - (3) she cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake. (97上海卷） a. to clean b. cleaning c. cleaned d. being cleaned (4) -1 usually go there by train. (nmet92) -why not _ by boat for a change? a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going (5) -let me tell yo

34、u something about the journalfists. -dont you rememberme the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷） a. told b. telling c .to tell d. to have told (6) the library needs _, but ill have to wait until sunday. (nmet92) a. cleaning b. be cleaned c. being cleaned d. clean (7) 1n some parts of london, missing a bus m

35、eans _ for another hour. (02春上海卷） a. waiting b. to wait c. wait d. to be waiting (8) she reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. (nmet90) a. resting b. to have rested c. rested d. to rest (9) go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (nmet8

36、9) a. to do b. doing c. with d. to be doing （key: bdadb rada) 八、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)意義動(dòng)詞類(lèi)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞一般為表位置移動(dòng)或方向性動(dòng)詞，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如： when are going off to for shanghai? mary as well as her parents is leaving for california next month. 【高考例題】 (1) ive won a holiday for two to florida. i _ my

37、 mum. (01 春 nmet) a. am taking b. have taken c. take d. will have taken (2) -what were you doing when he came to see you? (89上海卷） -i had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend. a. leaving b. was left c. left d .was leaving (3) -what were you doing when tony phoned you？ -i had just finished my

38、work and _ to take a 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -shower. (04天津卷） a. had started b. started c. have started d. was starting 九、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，可分為以下三種情況： 1某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。這種“動(dòng)詞副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性

39、。 this kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. the pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. written in simple english, this article reads easily. 2某些及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動(dòng)詞后，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如 open（打開(kāi)，營(yíng)業(yè)），close （關(guān)門(mén)） ，shut （關(guān)閉），cut （切割） ，weigh 重), act（上演）等。 the door wont shut. this shop opens much

40、earlier than it used to. each stone weighs 2 tons. 3某些不及物動(dòng)詞， 如 happen, occur, cost 以及短語(yǔ)，如 come out（出版），come up （出現(xiàn)） ，come into being（產(chǎn)生）come to ones mind 想起） ，turn out（證明是），come about （發(fā)生） ，break out姆發(fā)） ，belong to ( 屬于）等，本身表被動(dòng)含義，所以它們常用主動(dòng)形式。 the first textbooks written for teaching english as a forei

41、gn language came out in the 18th century. suddenly an idea came to his mind. it never occurred to me to phone you. 【高考例題】 (1) the evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. (04全國(guó)卷 ii) a. keeps b. continues c. finishes d. lasts (2) -mummy, can i put the peaches in the cupboard?

42、(02北京卷） -no, dear. they dont _ well. put them in the fridge instead. a. keep b. fit c. get d. last (3) books of this kind _ well.（99 上海卷） a. sell b. sells c. are sold d .is sold 十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞類(lèi) insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用“(should) 動(dòng)詞原形”

43、。 the guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules. the rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -have his car checked once a year. 【高考例題】 (1) -how do you _ we go to beijing for our holidays. -

44、i think wed better fly there. its much more comfortable. (04福建卷） a. insist b. want c. suppose d. suggest (2) janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (94上海卷） a. be; should have b. was; have c. should be; had d. was; has (3) _ sent to work

45、here? (02上海卷） a. who do you suggest b. who do you suggest that should c. do you suggest who should d. do you suggest whom should 十一、省略替代類(lèi) believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等動(dòng)詞用于簡(jiǎn)略回答中，后接so 來(lái)替代肯定分句，用not 來(lái)替代否定分句?；蚪觮o 來(lái)替代前面內(nèi)容相同的不定式，表示看法、意見(jiàn)、設(shè)想、打算等。例如： -do y

46、ou think norman would have lent me his car i had asked him to? -yes, i ,think so. -will you be able to come to my birthday party? -id love to, but im too busy. 注意： believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答時(shí)，既可以說(shuō) i believe (think, suppose guess) not ，也可以說(shuō) i dont believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用 hope,

47、 expect, be afraid作否定回答時(shí)，只能說(shuō)i hope (expect) not以及 im afraid not, 【高考例題】 (1) -i believe weve met somewhere before. (2000春季北京、安徽、內(nèi)蒙古卷） -no, _. a. it isnt the same b. it cant be true c. i dont think so d. id rather not (2) -the boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (03 春北京卷） -_. a. i guess no

48、t so b. i dont guess c. i dont guess it d. i guess not (3) -do you think its going to rain over the weekend? -_. (nmet94) a. i dont believe b. i dont believe it c. i believe not so d. i believe not 十二、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類(lèi)精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - - think, believe, gue

49、ss, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后接 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句若為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，常將否定詞not 前移到主句中。 i dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work. he doesnt think tom will make an excellent player. 當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句， 后半句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)略形式應(yīng)與從句保持一致，否則與主句保持一致。 例如： i dont think there is anyth

50、ing else i need, is there? he doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he? 【高考例題】 (1) i dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _？ (01上海卷） a. do i b. dont i c. will they d. wont they (2) mrs. black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_？(02 上海卷） a. is he

51、 b. isnt he c. doesnt she d. does she 十三、帶介詞 t0 的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類(lèi)這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)有be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to 等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用v-ing 形式。例如： ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather. as soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to

52、 preparing supper for children. 注意區(qū)分介詞 to 與不定式符號(hào) to a he used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“過(guò)去常?！?,to 為不定式符號(hào)， be used to 表“習(xí)慣于” ,to 為介詞） im looking forward to seeing you soon.look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”，to 為介詞。） he looked forward to see what was happening.

53、(look forward意為“向前看”，to see 是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。）【高考例題】 (1) mr. reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (01上海卷） a. set up b. setting up c. have set up d. having set up (2) the discovery of new evidence led to _. (03上海卷） a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief c. t

54、he thief being caught d. the thief to be caught (3) she looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. (94上海卷） a. visit b. paying a visit c. walking d. walking 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 頁(yè)，共 12 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -in 十四、瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）類(lèi)這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠術(shù)o, come, leave, start, return

55、, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）表短暫性的動(dòng)作，因此不可與表“段時(shí)間”的 for/ since 短語(yǔ)或 since從句連用。例如： he has come here for three years.（誤） he has been here for three years.（正） it is three years since he came here.（正）【高考例題】 (1) its ten years since the