高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法先行名詞性從句預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案(含解析)

1、- 1 - 高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法先行名詞性從句預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案（含解析）【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】名詞性從句在高考中的考點(diǎn)【復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)】1. 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：本節(jié)所現(xiàn)18 個(gè)考點(diǎn)。 2.學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)： 1）賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移，2） 注意分隔性同位語(yǔ)從句，3）插入語(yǔ)， sb think/believe/expect/ suppose + 賓從，4）同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。【問(wèn)題導(dǎo)學(xué)】一 主語(yǔ)從句： 用一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的成份叫主語(yǔ)成份。(that the earth goes around the sun) is known to all. (how this happened) is not clear to anyone.

2、結(jié)構(gòu)：連接詞 + 從 句+ 謂語(yǔ) + 其它it + 謂語(yǔ) + 其它 + 連接詞 + 從句連接詞1. that 不作成份無(wú)意義（雞肋）句首不可省2. whether/if 不作成份，是否，if 不能位于句首3. 連接代詞：what , which(哪一個(gè) ) , who, whom, whose, + ever 主賓表連接副詞： when , where , why , how + ever ，how many , how much 考點(diǎn) 1.連接詞選擇：1. 看 成 份 。 是 否 缺 主 、 賓缺 -代 詞不 缺 -副 詞缺 表 語(yǔ) -皆 可 ，2. 看翻譯。前后邏輯聯(lián)系。注意 ： that

3、 -位于句首不可省what - 指代物，。 。 。的樣子，職業(yè)，whatdo with, whatthink of which- 哪一個(gè)，有選擇范圍 = 賓從選擇方法考點(diǎn) 2：從句用連接詞+從句（陳述語(yǔ)序）主、謂考點(diǎn) 3：it 作形式主語(yǔ)用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)：用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1. it is 名詞 從句 :it is a fact that 事實(shí)是 / it is an honor that 非常榮幸 it is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)2. it is 形容詞 從句 it is natural that很自然 / it is strange tha

4、t奇怪的是3. it 不及物動(dòng)詞 從句 it seems that 似乎 / it happened that 碰巧 it appears that 似乎 it matters / it doesnt matter 4. it is 過(guò)去分詞 從句 it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 / it has been proved that已證實(shí) it is said that據(jù)說(shuō)考點(diǎn) 4：虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 it is +_ + that + sb. (should) do sth 注意 should 意義：應(yīng)該，竟然it 作形主尋找意義為意見(jiàn)，建議，責(zé)任，義務(wù)，命令及表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、

5、理應(yīng)如此等it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that二 賓語(yǔ)從句：用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)詞、介詞和一些形容詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。i think (that) he can do the job well. he doesnt know where the post office is. i m not sure whether/if i ll have time. i m sorry (that) he

6、is out. 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)賓介賓雙賓語(yǔ) tell sb 從句 , show sb 從句 , ask sb + 從句（內(nèi)容）- 2 - adj + 賓從 afraid, pleased, worried, happy連接詞同主從連接詞考點(diǎn) 1. that 不可省情況 1. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞含有兩個(gè)或以上的賓從時(shí)，從第二個(gè)開(kāi)始的賓從不可省eg: i know your grand father s last name is shun and that your great great great grand father s fathers last name is shun too. 2. 當(dāng) it

7、 作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 find, think, believe, make eg: we find it amusing that fengjie boasts her fairness, clearness, and wealth. we should make _ clear who break the rules a it b which c that d what 3. 從句中有從句時(shí)，不可省-少eg : he knew_ i was free i would help him. a that if b if c that d whether 考點(diǎn) 2. whether / if 區(qū)別只用

8、 whether 1. 介詞后 + whether+賓語(yǔ)從句2. whether 可與 or not連用，而if則不可以3. whether 可接 to do 4.whet her 引導(dǎo)的從句可作某些介詞及動(dòng)詞discuss 的賓語(yǔ) if 1. 如果 -主將從現(xiàn) 2. 一般只引導(dǎo)賓從。時(shí)態(tài)該用什么用什么考點(diǎn) 3. 語(yǔ)序從句為陳述語(yǔ)序主謂考點(diǎn) 4 . 時(shí)態(tài) 1 ）主現(xiàn)從任，看從句 2）主過(guò)從過(guò)，從句時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合主句時(shí)間 3） 客觀真 理一般現(xiàn)，永不變 4） 歷史事件用一過(guò)考點(diǎn) 5.賓從否定轉(zhuǎn)移三條件： 1. 賓從 2. 主句人稱(chēng) i / we 3. 特定動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppo

9、se, expect 原則 : 否定只出現(xiàn)在主句反意疑問(wèn)：滿足條件助動(dòng)詞，人稱(chēng)代詞看從句，肯定否定看主句eg: i dont believe (that) he would say such words. who do you think is the best player this year? 考點(diǎn) 6. 感嘆句作賓從whatever/ what +感嘆句后用陳述語(yǔ)序however/ how + 感嘆句eg :we are surprised to find out what an important part he played in his company. you can never

10、 imagine _ when our team won the first place. a how excited we are b how we are excited c how are we excited d how are excited 考點(diǎn) 7 ：在 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，且?guī)в醒a(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將從句后置，結(jié)構(gòu)： sb find+ it + adj/n + that 從句1. the laboring people want to make _ clear_ tha

11、t do an important and necessary work for the government. a that, that b that, this c that, is d it, that 考點(diǎn) 8. 插入語(yǔ)， sb think/believe/expect/ suppose + 賓從1. 疑問(wèn)句為：連接代、副+ do you think/believe/expect + 賓語(yǔ)從句的其余部分。2. 若處于句子中從句部分時(shí)- 省略1. do you know _ he thinks will give the sophomore a talk? a whom b who c

12、that d - 3 - which 2. after five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of. a that b where c which d what 考點(diǎn) 9 ， 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 sb + v + that sb. (should) do sth 動(dòng)詞：意見(jiàn)，建議，責(zé)任，義務(wù)，命令advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅(jiān)決主張 ), order, propose, request, suggest(建議 ) 。 。 。注意： sugg

13、est ： 1. 建議， 2. 暗示 . insist ：1。堅(jiān)持應(yīng)該，2. 堅(jiān)持一個(gè)真相，3，insist on 考點(diǎn) 10在 like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike,appreciate 等表“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，后若要跟賓語(yǔ)從句，需跟形式賓語(yǔ) it。eg :some people just like it when others focus their attention on them, no matter what they need to do to get this done. 1. i hate it _ people talk with their m

14、outh full a. when b where c what d. whose 2 .id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. a it b that c this d you 三 表語(yǔ)從句：用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句放在系動(dòng)詞（be, remain, seem等）后is / was /look/ seem/ appear/look/ the question is whether we should accept their invitation. that was what sh

15、e said to me. the trouble is that i have lost his address. 結(jié)構(gòu) ：主 + 系 + 連接詞 + 從句連接詞： 1. that 不作成份，無(wú)意義，不可省2. whether 不作成份，是否，3. 連接代詞：what , which(哪一個(gè) ) , who, whom, whose, + ever 主賓表連接副詞： when , where , why , how + ever ，how many , how much 4. because, as if/ though 考點(diǎn) 1. 連接詞2. reason 作主語(yǔ)表從連接詞用that 3.

16、 that is why/because the reason why is/ was that4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 5. look, as is / though + 從句過(guò)去： had done 現(xiàn)在： did/were 四同位語(yǔ)從句：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句，同位語(yǔ)從句跟在一個(gè)名詞后，對(duì)其做進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)谎a(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的名詞叫先行詞，先行詞一般都是抽象名詞，如news 消息 fact事實(shí) idea主意 thought想法hope 希望 question問(wèn)題 reply答復(fù) report報(bào)道 order命令等。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞叫連接詞，常用 that引導(dǎo)。i have no idea that you we

17、re here. 當(dāng)名詞后面所接的從句表示與名詞同位并為名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容時(shí)，這個(gè)從句就是同位語(yǔ)從句。如：the news that china has joined the wto excite us all. 中國(guó)加入了世界貿(mào)易組織這一消息使我們大家興奮不已。同位語(yǔ)中應(yīng)注意：考點(diǎn)1. 注意同位語(yǔ)從句中所用名詞 1. 高中所學(xué)能帶同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞不多，常見(jiàn)的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, - 4 - knowledge, la

18、w, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word 等?？键c(diǎn) 2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示“命令、建議、要求”等名詞的同位語(yǔ)，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?？键c(diǎn) 3. 注意分隔性同位語(yǔ)從句news came that word came thatthe story goes thati have no idea at all 3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與

19、定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句形相似而實(shí)質(zhì)不同，具體表現(xiàn)以下方面：(1) 被修飾的詞不同。同位語(yǔ)從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是無(wú)數(shù)的指人或物名詞。(2) 從句的作用不同。同位語(yǔ)從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞名詞的限制、描繪或說(shuō)明。(3) 引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that為關(guān)系代詞， 在從句中擔(dān)任句子的某種成分，當(dāng)擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以省略。(4) 引導(dǎo)詞不同。定語(yǔ)從句不能用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)；而同位從句可用what, h

20、ow, whether引導(dǎo)。(5) 判定定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的方法。同位語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)同位名詞的表語(yǔ)；而定語(yǔ)從句不能充當(dāng)先行詞的表語(yǔ)。練習(xí)： 1.we havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. a. if b. where c. whether d. that 2. a warm thought suddenly came to me _i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday. w.w

21、.w.zxxk.c.o.m a. if b. when c. that d. which 3. there is much chance _ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. a. that b. which c. until d. if 4. please remind me _ he said he was going. i may be in time to see him off. a. where b. when c. how d. what 5. we saw several natives advanc

22、ing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. a. to which b. to whom c. with whom d. with which 6. with his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. a. which b. that c. what d. whether 7. _ team wins

23、 on saturday will go through to the national championships. a. no matter what b. no matter which c. whatever d. whichever 8. i just wonder that makes him so excited. a. why it does b. what he does c. how it is d. what it is 9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous e