動詞不定式標準教案

1、 非謂語動詞之動詞不定式適用學科高中英語適用年級高中三年級適用區(qū)域通用課時時長（分鐘）60知識點1. 動詞不定式的表現(xiàn)形式2. 動詞不定式的基本用法3. 復合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式4. 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式5. 動詞不定式的否定式6. 動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關(guān)系7. 動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法教學目標能很好判斷動詞不定式的各種用法教學重點掌握不定式的時態(tài)表達教學難點如何正確地判斷句子中需要動詞不定式教學過程 一、復習預習教師引導學生復習上節(jié)內(nèi)容，并引入本節(jié)課程內(nèi)容 二、知識講解考點/易錯點1 動詞不定式的表現(xiàn)形式動詞不定式由“to+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動詞不

2、定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 動詞不定式的形式變化：動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。 不定式一般式完成式進行式完成進行式主動to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building被動to be buildto have been build考點/易錯點2 動詞不定式的基本用法：動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語用，如： （1）作主語：To

3、help each other is good.（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be + 動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學。（句中的謂語動詞為

4、is，動詞不定式to set up 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式 to set up所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學。（句中的are to set up整個結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時也是動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。 （3）作賓語：作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a mus

5、ician.；作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作賓語補足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如

6、果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補足語時，須先用it作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語：動詞不定式作定語時，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面就

7、要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作狀語：動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語：目的狀語： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或為了），但應注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to

8、不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 結(jié)果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式，表示“足能”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take

9、 care of yourself now. 考點/易錯點3 復合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動詞不定式即構(gòu)成復合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid,

10、 foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 考點/易錯點4疑問詞 + 動詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.考點/易錯點5動詞不定式的否定式：動詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

11、 考點/易錯點6動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動詞不定式一般式所表示的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同時）；（2）完成式：動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）進行式：動詞不定式進行式所表示的動作正在進行中，而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時

12、發(fā)生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.考點/易錯點7動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法：如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet. 三、例題精析【例題1】【題干】I felt it a great honor _ to speak to you. A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked 【答案】C【解析】

13、 因句中的 it 為形式主語，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 為真正主語，因“我”與ask為被動關(guān)系，故用被動式?！纠}2】【題干】I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】B【解析】like 和 love后接不定式或動名詞均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，據(jù)此可排除選項 C、D。表示過

14、去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即選 B。 【例題3】【題干】 Before you decide to leave your job, _ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 【答案】A【解析】選A，before 引導的是時間狀語從句，填空句為主句，而此主句為一祈使句，故動詞用原形。其中 it will have 為修飾名詞 the effect 的賓語從句。 四、課堂運用【基礎(chǔ)】1. Mr Reed made up h

15、is mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up2. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 3. She looks forward every spring to _

16、 the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 4.To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting 【鞏固】5. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “_ enough protein an

17、d nutrition as you are growing up.” A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. to be getting 6. He was reading his book, completely _ to the world. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. to have lost 7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D.

18、do not do 【拔高】8. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.” A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 9. Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesnt he

19、? Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 10. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired答案與解析1. 選 B。devoteto 的意思是“把貢

20、獻給”或“致力于”，其中 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，若后動詞要用動名詞。句中的 he had 為定語從句，用以修飾 all，注意不將 had to 視為同一個語義結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 選 C。lead to 意為“導致”，其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，若后接動詞要用動名詞。由于邏輯主語 the thief 與catch 為被動關(guān)系，故答案選 C。 3. 選 D。look forward to 意為“期盼”，其中 to 是介詞，后接動詞要用動名詞。注意不能選 B，因為 pay a visit 不能帶 the flower-lined garden 作賓語，假若在 paying a visit

21、 后加上介詞 to，則可選 B。 4. 選A。句首的 to test eggs 為目的狀語，填空句為祈使句謂語，故要用動詞原形。 5. 選C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。 6. 選A。(be) lost to sth 為習語，意為“不再受某事物的影響”、“將某事物置之度外”。 7. 選 A。不定式的否定式總是將否定詞 not 置于不定式符號 to 之前，而不能置于其后，同時結(jié)合 tell sb (not) to do sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)可排除選項 C、D。當不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時，為避免重復，通常省略該不定式而只保留不定式符號

22、 to。 8. 選 B。the key to 意為“的關(guān)鍵”，其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，若后接動詞要用動名詞。另一方面，名詞 demand 與 make 是被動關(guān)系(make demands 提出要求)，同時根據(jù)句中的 by the customers，可確定答案選 B。 9.D。enjoy后常接-ing形式作賓語; what his sister enjoys作主語,is to dance構(gòu)成句子的謂語。 10.D。needing to be repaired相當于needing repairing,在句中作定語。另外,require和want也有類似的用法。 課程小結(jié) 本次課主

23、要講解了非謂語動詞之動詞不定式的高考考點，學生要復習理解其各種用法，解題時先判斷題目需要填寫謂語還是非謂語動詞形式，然后再根據(jù)不定式的幾種用法對號入座。高考對于非謂語的考查有很多地方，尤其是2014年的新題型中更是突出了對動詞的考查，所以希望同學們能重視起來。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1. I was afraid _ to my customers because I was afraid _ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back;

24、 of losing 2. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 3. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to

25、 fill D. ran; filling 4. What did the librarian _ out of the library? A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken 【鞏固】5. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _. A. playing with B. having played with C. with whom to play with D. with whom to play 6. You

26、_ part in the party on time. Sorry, I was delayed by the accident. A. are to take B. have supposed to take C. were to have taken D. supposed to take7. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully. A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt with C. related to; being dealt with D. relati

27、ng to; having dealt with 【拔高】8. He moved away from his parents and missed them _ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. much so as to B. very much to C. too much to D. enough to 9. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鰲論壇)because they knew what _ from the forum. A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting 10.