大一精讀unit9quick_fix_society

1、Unit 9 Quick Fix SocietyWarm-up Questions:1. What does “quick fix” mean? How do you understand the title?2. If you want to read a novel, which one would you like to read, a completeone or a compressed one? Why?3. How is “quick fix society” reflected in the following aspects? transportation and commu

2、nication eating habits and consumption habits entertainment working style4. Do you have any doubts about the fast paced society? “Fix” means solution. “Quick fix” in this essay means quick. It refers to the lifestyle of modern people who are impatient to get everything done and want to find the quic

3、k solution to everything.E.g. Conversion of sexist English into nonsexist English is not a quick fixit is anything but mechanical.將性別歧視的英語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉切詣e歧視的英語(yǔ)不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，這一過程只是機(jī)械性的改變，別無意義. Long waiting times were a symptom of a much bigger problem, Dr Postl said: there could be no quick fix. 等候時(shí)間之漫長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象其實(shí)折射出了一個(gè)更深層

4、次的問題，波斯托博士認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題不可能速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)QTheres no quick fix for depression. Even if you are under medical care and taking antidepressant medication, improvement takes time. 沒有快速消除抑郁的方法。即使你正在接受治療，服用抗抑郁藥物，要緩解癥狀也需要一定時(shí)間。nquick fix: a repair to sth. or an answer to a problem that happens quickly, but may work for only a

5、short time; ways of getting things done quickly e.g. There is no for stopping pollutionQuotesWe live in a fast-paced society. Walking slows us down. Robert SweetgalLife is getting faster, no doubt about it. We rush everything: we eat fast food, have quickie sex, drive like maniacs, and compete hard

6、for fast-paced jobs. We wish to slow down and slack off, but were afraid well fail. Library Journal ReviewLife is already too short to waste on speed. Edward Abbey Why did the writer take the turnpikes and interstates? Did they have any fun on the way?Why did the writer take another way back? How di

7、d she feel this time?What is the attitude of modern people to do everything? How does it affect our life?Why did the author write this article? Was she suggesting we stop using all time-saving techniques and products?Reading Comprehension Questions:Highways: connect citiesSuperhighways: a road with

8、six or more lanesInterstate highways: connect cities in different statesFreeways: roads within a cityExpressways: fast roads in or near citiesTurnpike: pay money before you use itBackground information:Location: Lancaster County, PAThe heart of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country is located in south cent

9、ral Pennsylvania 1 1/2 hours west of Philadelphia. Most of the Amish Country attractions are in Lancaster County, and almost all of the local Amish people live here as well.People Amish阿米什人,美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州的一群再洗禮派門諾會(huì)教徒 The Amish are a religious group who live in settlements in 22 states of the U.S. and Onta

10、rio, Canada. The oldest group of Old Order Amish, about 16,00018,000 people live in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Amish stress humility, family and community, and separation from the world. Amishs beliefsThe Amish was part of the early Anabaptist再洗禮派 movement in Europe, which took place at the

11、 time of the Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that only adults who had confessed their faith should be baptized, and that they should remain separate from the larger society. They also believe in non-resistance and basic Bible doctrines.Amishs lifestyleThese people as a whole are not as materia

12、listic as modern society today. They do not use electricity or modern conveniences.Amish men have beards, but not mustaches. Most Amish are trilingual: dialect of German, High German and English. Amishs lifestyle Old Order children attend one-room schools through the eighth grade. They are a private

13、 people who believe God has kept them together. They are a strong example of a community that supports and cares for its members. They are a people apart; they are also a people together.Antique shopping (Para. 2)Pennsylvania Dutch town is called “Sunday Antiques Capital of the United States”. Over

14、3,000 antique dealers gather here to display and sell their merchandise.Here, youll find over 240 factory outlet stores featuring name brands and quality merchandise prices at reduced prices.Outlet shopping (Para. 2)Scenery Amish oldest meeting houseHand-made quiltsScenery Covered bridgeThey ride th

15、eir horse and buggy and have a slower-paced lifestyle. Welcome to Lancaster County and the scenic Pennsylvania Dutch Country. This is an area that visitors have grown to love. Here youll discover Amish _ where life moves at a slower pace and centers around time-honored traditions and values. Youll f

16、ind beautiful scenery _ with one-room schoolhouses and wooden covered bridges, modern farm machinery being pulled behind four- and six-mule teams, _ clothing and quilts gently blowing in the breeze, and where youll hear the clip-clop of horses hooves _ down quiet country roads.Fill in the blanks whi

17、le you are listening.keyscommunitiesdottedhomemadeechoing The relaxing atmosphere, the peaceful scenery, and the variety of our many unique _ and family activities have made Lancaster County one of Americas favorite _ destinations. Over five million people visit Lancaster County each year. Many peop

18、le return here year after year because they find Lancaster County so _.Wherever you go here youll find Pennsylvania Dutch _ and individualized attention. So, lets take a look at much of what awaits you here in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.keysattractionsvacationspecialhospitalityFill in the blanks

19、 while you are listening.The numerous Amish and plain communities here give this area a whole different atmosphere. These people as a whole are not as _ as modern society today. Instead, they _ to more traditional ways and family values. Their influence is felt throughout our local society.There are

20、 numerous places here where you can learn more about the Amish culture and _, tour Amish homes, a farm, and a one-room schoolhouse, and take auto tours, bus tours, and even Amish buggy _ to learn more about the Amish way of life.keysmaterialisticadherefaithridesFill in the blanks while you are liste

21、ning.Cliffs notes are a series of reference books written to help undergraduate students to understand and appreciate important literary works.With such notes, students dont have to read the work itself and be able to write papers and take exams.Civil War was the war from 1861 to 1865 fought between

22、 the northern and southern states.The Civil War battlefield mentioned in paragraph 2 is the battlefield of famous Gettysburg battle in July, 1863. At Gettysburg, Union army defeated Confederate南部聯(lián)盟 army. This victory is the turning point of the Civil War. After the campaign, on November 19, Presiden

23、t Lincoln delivered the well-known Gettysburg Address.Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Natio

24、n, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

25、But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what t

26、hey did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that

27、 government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth.Gettysburg Address87年前，我們的先輩在這個(gè)大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的國(guó)家。她孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生來平等的信條?，F(xiàn)在我們正進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，以考驗(yàn)這個(gè)國(guó)家，或者任何一個(gè)孕育于自由和奉行人人生來平等信條的國(guó)家是否能夠長(zhǎng)久堅(jiān)持下去。我們相聚在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)偉大戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，我們來到這里把這戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的一部分奉獻(xiàn)給那些為國(guó)家生存而捐軀的人們，作為他們最后的安息之所。我們這樣做是完全適合的、恰當(dāng)?shù)?。但是，從更高的?/p>

28、義上說，我們是不能奉獻(xiàn)，不能圣化，也不能神化這片土地的，因?yàn)槟切┰?jīng)在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的人們，活著的和死去的人們，已經(jīng)圣化了這片土地，他們所做的遠(yuǎn)非我們的微薄之力所能揚(yáng)抑。這個(gè)世界不大會(huì)注意也不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久記得我們今天在這里所說的話，但是，它永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記勇士們?cè)谶@里所做的事。毋寧說，我們活著的人，應(yīng)該獻(xiàn)身于留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)：從這些光榮的死者身上汲取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，以完成他們精誠(chéng)所至的事業(yè)；我們?cè)诖讼露ㄗ畲蟮臎Q心，以不讓死者白白犧牲；讓這個(gè)國(guó)家在上帝的保佑下獲得自由的新生；讓這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府與世長(zhǎng)存。編者注：亞伯拉罕林肯是美國(guó)第16任總統(tǒng)，以解放黑奴著稱于世。林肯沒有受過多少正規(guī)教育，主要靠

29、自學(xué)成才。經(jīng)過南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他平息了南方的叛亂。當(dāng)南方叛軍宣布投降后，他立即釋放了所有叛軍，讓他們安然棄甲歸田，過上幸福的平民生活。有一位身經(jīng)百戰(zhàn)的聯(lián)邦老兵對(duì)林肯的做法很憤怒，他質(zhì)問林肯：“你怎么可以就這樣放走了我們的敵人？”林肯問：“那我們?cè)撊绾螌?duì)待這些敵人呢？”“消滅他們?！崩媳f。林肯回答：“是的，我們應(yīng)該消滅敵人。但是當(dāng)這些俘虜都成為了我們的朋友的時(shí)候，我們的敵人不就消滅了嗎？”葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役是美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中最為殘酷的一戰(zhàn)，這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役交戰(zhàn)雙方共死了51000人，而當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)只有幾百萬人口。本文是1863年11月19日林肯在葛底斯堡聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)陣亡將士公墓落成奠禮上發(fā)表的演說。譯文：USA Today

30、 is one of the most popular daily national newspapers serving the interest of a general public in the United States.Iceberg principlel After the publication of his last major work, The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway explained his iceberg theory of fiction writing. l “If a writer of prose know

31、s enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above wat

32、er.The writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.”introductionlErnest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) was an American novelist and short story writer whose works, drawn from his wide range of experiences in World War I, the Spanish Ci

33、vil War, and World War II.lHemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954, seven years before his death by suicide in 1961.lHemingways protagonists are typically stoic male individuals, often interpreted as projections投射 of his own character, who must master grace under pressure. Many of h

34、is works, like The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and The Old Man and the Sea, are now considered classics in the canon of American literature.Baby Hemingwayl A young Hemingway in his World War I uniforml Novels by Hemingwayl(1925) 春潮（The Torrents of Spring） (1926) 太陽(yáng)照樣升起（The Sun Also Rises） (19

35、29) 戰(zhàn)地春夢(mèng)（A Farewell to Arms） (1937) 雖有猶無（To Have and Have Not） (1940) 戰(zhàn)地鐘聲（For Whom the Bell Tolls） (1950) 渡河入林（Across the River and Into the Trees） (1952) 老人與海（The Old Man and the Sea） (1970) 島之戀（Islands in the Stream） (1986) 伊甸園（The Garden of Eden） (1932) 午后之死（Death in the Afternoon） (1935) 非洲的青山（

36、Green Hills of Africa） Collectionsl(1923) 三個(gè)故事和十首詩(shī)（Three Stories and Ten Poems） (1925) 雨中的貓（Cat in the Rain） (1925) 在我們的時(shí)代里（In Our Time） (1927) 沒有女人的男人（Men Without Women） (1932) 乞力馬扎羅的雪（The Snows of Kilimanjaro） (1933) 勝者一無所獲（Winner Take Nothing） (1938) 第五縱隊(duì)（The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine

37、 Stories） (1972) 尼克亞當(dāng)斯故事集（The Nick Adams Stories） (1987) 海明威短篇故事全集（The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway） (1995) 海明威故事選集（Everymans Library: The Collected Stories） Hemingway StyleTelegram style-Economic language: simple words, short sentences, brief conversations.Ice-burg style: seven eighth

38、 under waterMultiple themes.Hemingway herolCode heroes: man or woman, old or young, educated or uneducated, tough characters, grace under pressurelCourage, honor, dignity, calmness, endurance, in face of danger and death.antiquelExamples:It is an antique rosewood desk.The palace is full of priceless

39、 antiques.adj. being old and therefore valuable古式的古式的n. an old object such as a piece of furniture or jewelry that is valuable because it is rare, beautiful, or well made古玩古玩centennial (AmE)/centenary (BrE): adj. 一百周年紀(jì)念的n.一百周年紀(jì)念centenarybicentenarytercentenaryquatercentenaryquincentenary一百周年紀(jì)念一百周年紀(jì)念

40、二百周年紀(jì)念二百周年紀(jì)念三百周年紀(jì)念三百周年紀(jì)念四百周年紀(jì)念四百周年紀(jì)念,kwtsenti:nri 五百周年紀(jì)念五百周年紀(jì)念prefixrootcompresslv. a. to press or squeeze something so that itl fits into a smaller spacel b. to write something in fewer wordsl c. to make a process last for a shorter timel than usuallExamples:The machine compresses old cars into blo

41、cks of scrap metal.Try to compress your notes so that they are easier to learn.Youd better compress two months work into one.Cf. condense contractcondenselv. a. to cause (a gas or vapor) to change to al liquidl b. to remove water from (milk, for example)l c. to make a piece of writing shorter byl re

42、moving some partslExamples:Steam condensed 冷凝冷凝on the bathroom mirror.condensed milk (煉乳煉乳)condensed story (縮寫本縮寫本)Cf. compresscontractcompress, condense, contract，reduceFill in the blanks with the right word.contractscompresscondensedThe pupil of the eye dilates and _ in response to light.She sat o

43、n the lid of the suitcase to _ the clothes.The chairman _ all the suggestions put forward into a single plan of action.condense-指通過冷凝,濃縮作用使某物變成更致密而結(jié)實(shí),或更稠密。 reduce-指使事物的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量減少或彎弱變小,或有所降低。 contract-指某物體積或容積收縮變小,與expand反義。 compress-指通過壓、擠、熨平等方式使物體變小或減少而. lExamples: Lets defer the decision for a few we

44、eks. I will defer to Mr. Walter on this point.deferv. to delay something until a later date (formal) to agree to accept someones opinion or decision because you have respect for that persondefer to sb./sth.nCf. postpone; put off; adjourn; suspend; shelve; delay;defer, postpone, delayFill in the blan

45、ks with the right word.deferreddelayedpostponeI _ paying the bills.The bus was _ by a cloudburst.W e w o u l d l i k e t o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y o u r appointment until Saturday. Defer implies an intentional delaying.Postpone implies an intentional deferring, commonly until a definite time.Delay causes

46、to be behind schedule.deposit n. a. a first payment that you make when you agree to buy something expensive such as a car or houselb. an amount of money you pay when you rent something that is returned to you when you stop renting itlc. an amount of money that you pay into a bank accountld. a layer

47、of metal that has formed in soil or rockExampleslExamples:We put down a deposit on a house last week.You will have to pay one months rent in advance, plus a deposit of $500.Id like to make a deposit, please.Rich mineral deposits have been discovered in the area. 付定金；付定金； 押金，抵押金；押金，抵押金； 存款；存款； 礦床礦床Tr

48、anslationBank words:Bank words:l1)account: a record or statement of money received or paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date; money deposited in a bank account and subject to withdrawal by the depositor;l2)accountant: a person whose job is to keep an

49、d examine the money accounts of businesses or people.l3)loan:money lent at interest usu. At the borrowers temporary use;l4)check: a written order directing a bank to pay money as instructed;l5)credit card: a card authorizing purchases on credit;l6)teller出納員 :a member of a banks staff concerned with

50、the direct handling of money received or paid out;l7)deposit: something placed for safekeeping or as a pledge, esp. to put in a bank.gorgeousl1)splendidly or showily brilliant or magnificent;le.g. a gorgeous Victorian gown; the pianists gorgeous techniquel2)(infml)delightful; e.g. He says that she i

51、s a gorgeous person.l3)(infml)very beautiful (the meaning in the text);lSynonyms: magnificent, glorious, beautiful, grand, grandiose/grndius/ , imposing, majestic, stately, marvelousgratification: satisfactionlGratify (v.): to give pleasure or satisfaction to; to satisfy( a desire);le.g. It gratifie

52、d me to know how soon she will be well again;l Now she has a job in France she can gratify her wish to Europe.guaranteev. a. to promise sth. will happen b. to make sth. certainn. a. an agreement that if sth. you buy does not work, it will be repaired or replaced b. a formal and firm promise that sth

53、. will be done or will happenExampleslExamples:The government guaranteed to free the captives.The rain guarantees a good crop this year.The new television had a guarantee with it.Is there a guarantee of work after training?outletln. a. a shop or a place where a particular product is soldl b. a way o

54、f expressing strong feelings that you would normally not express發(fā)泄途徑發(fā)泄途徑 lExamples:Most of their sales are through traditional retail outlets.He plays basketball as an outlet for stress.pastoral(adj.)1)of or relating to or composed of shepherds or herdsmen;2)devoted to or based on livestock raising;

55、3)of or relating to the countryside; not urban;4)pleasingly peaceful and innocent;5)of or relating to a pastor牧師; e.g. Rabbi makes pastoral visits every Tuesday (n.)l1)a literary work (poem, drama, etc.) dealing with shepherds or rural life;l2)a rural picture or scene;lPastorale: A dramatic performa

56、nce or opera, popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, that was based on a rural theme or subject;牧歌式歌劇 ,田園劇lSynonyms: idyllic, rural, rustic large scale evolutionary scale the bathroom scales the scale on a thermometer Richter scale a scale of 1 250 scales of fishscale大規(guī)模大規(guī)模進(jìn)化等級(jí)進(jìn)化等級(jí)浴室磅秤浴室磅秤溫度計(jì)上的刻度溫度

57、計(jì)上的刻度里氏震級(jí)里氏震級(jí)1250的比例尺的比例尺魚鱗魚鱗Translation slide, slip, glideslide所表示的“滑動(dòng)”含有這樣幾層意思：光滑的面接觸，通常為加速運(yùn)動(dòng)。用于比喻時(shí)，表示不自主地陷入某種習(xí)慣等slip 所表示的“滑”與slide相比，接觸面更滑，但不象slide那樣持續(xù)地滑動(dòng)，而是突然的或短暫的滑動(dòng)，如滑倒。glide 可以像slide那樣持續(xù)地滑，但不一定像slide那樣以面接觸進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)。鳥在天空中翱翔，小船在水面蕩漾，都可以用glide表示, 運(yùn)動(dòng)看似毫不費(fèi)力The ship _down into the waterA submarine _ sile

58、ntly through the water。He _ on a patch of ice and sprained his ankle.把把做完了事做完了事4. get sth. over withChineseto do and finish something difficult that you have to dolExamples:Ill speak first if you likeId rather get it over with quickly.He looked upon the marriage ceremony as a mere formalitysomething

59、 to be got over with as quickly as possible.lExamples:Nancy comes over on Saturday more often than not.More often than not, the argument could have been avoided.more often than not = as often as noton most occasionssometimes, but not frequentlyall too oftenused for saying that something makes you sa

60、d or upset because it happens more often than you think it shouldShe still phones me every so often.All too often, parents leave their children home alone.every so often8. off the rackoff-the-rack (AmE)/ off-the-peg (BrE)ready madeon the rackin a difficult situation that you cannot deal withIt was o