論文寫作要求(推薦）

1、西安外國語學院繼續(xù)教育學院論文寫作指南（內(nèi)部使用）編寫人：海春華二零零一年九月（二零零二年一月修改）目錄1論文格式31.1封面頁 31.2捉要 51.3弓i言 5l4正文 61.5結(jié)語 61.6參考文獻索引法 72論文提綱的必要性（附提綱樣本一份）93何謂抄襲114文本與裝訂要求 12圖表1論文格式示意圖（海春花2001）title page.abstract|table of contentsintroduction text (general statements+thesis statements) argument 1 + evidence? ，亍 argument 2 + evide

2、nceargument 3 + evidenceconclusion(restatement or summary of themain points; final comments)references畢業(yè)論文用英文撰寫，字數(shù)為3,000-4,000之間（不含目錄、 提要和參考索引）。畢業(yè)論文基本內(nèi)容包含：封面頁（題目頁）捉耍目錄引言正文結(jié)語參考文獻1.1封面頁一、封面內(nèi)容：成功的封面頁應短小精悍、引人入勝、準確無謀地展現(xiàn)出論文所研究z課題。必要時加入副標題。 封面頁應含蓋：論文題目作者姓名、班級和年級、隸屬單位(繼續(xù)教育學院) 導師姓名、隸屬單位交稿日期the study ofthe im

3、portance of the classroom interactionbyyang menga thesis presented to the school of english studies,xi，an intcrnational studics universityas partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree ofbachelor of artsmay 31st, 2002classgrade advisor 二、論文選題：論文題口須經(jīng)教研室審定備案，并報主管院長批準。題口 一經(jīng)確定，不得任意更改。選題應圍繞木專業(yè)教

4、學計劃規(guī)定的專業(yè)課程的教學內(nèi)容 進行選題。如：1) the cultural connotations of english vocabulary2) from competence to performance: on the essential task oral traini ng提要氏度為100-250字。提要部分應點明論題，簡述主要論點，并展示論文最終得出的 分析結(jié)論。1.3引言如圖表2所示，引言包含兩大部分：一、general statements（基本思想）： 包括：相關課題綜述引出論文主題二、thesis statenients（主題陳述）： 包括：提出論文主題羅列出副標題說明

5、論文的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)*通常在木部分結(jié)束句時明確主題圖表2引言結(jié)構(gòu)不意圖圖表3正文結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖（海春花2001）a. topic sentencesupport 1support 2support 3bodyb. topic sentencesupport 1support 2support 3c. topic sentencesupport 1support 2support 31.4正文正文是論文的主體部分。論文是否成功主耍取決于此部分的論 證。如圖表3所示，止文部分應就引言部分所提出的主題和副標題 分節(jié)展開論證。對副標題的論證應始終圍繞犬主題進行。整體論 述（含分節(jié)論述）應主題明確，證據(jù)充分，論證

6、合理口層次分明。1.5結(jié)語結(jié)語是論文的重要組成部分。結(jié)語部分是作者最后一次有效闡明論點的機會，可以：總結(jié)已論證觀點，或重新闡明論文主題（換一種方式重述 主題）?；谖闹姓撟C，對論文主題進行終結(jié)性評論。紀主意：切忌在結(jié)語屮引出新的主題。畢業(yè)論文選用的參考書目應在6冊以上。參考文獻的索引是論文必不可少的一部分。省略索引會被視為 抄襲。參考文獻的索引包含兩大部分：文內(nèi)參考索引參考文獻尾注一、文內(nèi)參考索引a. 文內(nèi)參考索引內(nèi)容文內(nèi)參考索引內(nèi)容視具體情況而定，通常包扌禺作者姓氏(屮文參考文獻時姓氏用漢語拼咅標出) 作品出版年代參考書目的頁碼 下而引例可供參考： as bloggs (1989, p.50

7、) has made so clear, . more patient care inevitably produces a higher explosure to legal risks and a higher volume of liability suits (bergen 1969, pp.506-507) a recent study (jones & chan 1986) has shown . several authors (brown 1991，p.9; nguyen 1987, p.52; henare 198& p.16) agree ninio et

8、al (1995, p.16) argue that (作者為兩人以上時，只索引第一作者的姓氏) stress is a major cause of suicide (hassan, in yeo 1994, p.219)(被引用的觀點出自其他作者的作品) aspects of the theory await investigation (ibid, p. 183) .(引證與前一引證岀處相同時)b. 文屮引言部分文字編輯方式1)文中引言部分超出三行時，引言應另起段落：samuelowicz conclusion (1987), through interviews with 145 ac

9、ademic staff and 136 overseas students (including undergraduatesand postgraduates), can be regarded as a representative result:"the abstraction of meaning * is a particular interesting category, which appears to belong more to communicative approaches to teaching a language and techniques such

10、as task-based listening, reading with information transfer, or tasks requiring meaningful interaction. (williams & burden, p.61)2)如欲將其他作者作品中整個段落或完整圖表作為論文引證 時，須取得相關作者的書面委托證明，否則，視為抄襲。二、參考文獻尾注a. 建議選用“作者年代” (harvard)參考文獻索引方法。 參考文獻索引應按作者姓氏的首字字母順序依次排列。b. 將英文參考文獻與中文參考文獻分組羅列。 每處參考文獻的索引自第二行起每行行首縮進。 參考文獻索

11、引大體包含：作者：姓在前名在后，屮間用逗號隔開作品出版年代作品題目出版商名稱不同岀處(最終出處部分斜體)參考文獻的具體索引方法如下: references:i. 雜志中的文章brown, d. e. & smithers, t. 1997, 'making money from poker machines： journal of gambling studies, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 15-27.ii. 全書cross, t. d. sklavos, m.，sutanovic, p. & hitchcock, a.1991, horror movi

12、es and personal identity, routledge, london.iii. 書屮的一個章節(jié)occhiodoro, l a. 1993, “the cultural significance of dance in fiji', in pacific viewpoints, ed. d. k. wuf basil blackwell, oxford.iv. 政府出版物australian bureau of statistics 1994, governmentfinance statistics, cat. no. 5512.0, abs，canberra.v.

13、系列叢書之一wysocki, p. & dasvarma, r. d. 1977, recent advances in finances in financial management, association of australian financial management research paper series, no. 17, sydney.vi. 報刊0,leary, k. 1996, tokies splurge5, sydney morning herald,13 feb., p.7.vii. 電子資料a. carroll, l. 1991, alice'

14、s adventures in wonderland,the millenniumfulcrum edition 2.7a （online）. available: ftp: quake. t, directory: pub/text/1991, file: alice-in wonderland.txtb. williams, d. and monhardt, j. 1997. internet literacy exam. examfor students in arts technology at illinois state university （online） available:

15、/classcs/orat389.88scminar/ documents/litexam.html 1997, april 202論文提綱的必要性（附提綱樣本一份）撰寫論文提綱是準備工作小極其重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)。 作者確定主題后，應進行必要的文獻閱讀。待思想趨于成熟時， 便應著手撰寫提綱。列好的提綱實際上就是畢業(yè)論文雛形。提綱應包括：明確的主題陳述 正文中將涉及的主要（甚至次要）觀點支持論文論點的引證，并同時抄錄參考書的出處（包括頁 碼）與主題承上啟下的結(jié)語下而的提綱樣本可供參考：the advantages and disadvantages o

16、f livingin the twentieth centuryi. living in the twentieth century offers certain advantages, such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment, the depersonalization of human relationships, and the weakening off spiritual values.ii. the biggest

17、advantage of living in the twentieth century is the high standard of living we enjoy.a. more money for less hard work1. more office workers than manual labours2. high salaries3. increased government servicesa. social securityb. unemployment benefitsc. disability insuranceb. longer life expectancy.1

18、better medical carea. more hospitals, doctors, nursesb. advances in medical technology2 improved nutrition3. more leiture timec. modern convenience.1 communicationa. telephonesb. radio and television2. labour-saving machines in the homea. dishwashersb washing machines/dryers c vacum cleaners3 faster

19、 transportationiii. one of the main advantages of living in the twentieth century is that we are living in an increasingly polluted environment.a. air pollution1. smog2. unclear falloutb. water pollution1. chemical waters from factoriesa. dead fishb contaminated drinking water supplies2. raw sewage

20、from cities3. oil spills from shipsiv. a second disadvantage of living in the twentieth century is the depersonalization of human relations.a. people and machinesl automated vending machines, banks, etc.2. tape-recorded telephone answering3. computerised dating servisesb. people and numbers1. social

21、 security numbers2. crdit card numbersv. the final disadvantage of living in the twentieth century isthe weakening of spiritual values.a. materialistic cultureb. faith in science instead of in religionvi. in conclusion, although the twentieth century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making

22、 us richer, healthier, and freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not made us wiser. the twentieth century has also made us earth dirtier, our people less humane, and spiritual lives poorer we should continue to enjoy the technological advancements because they free us to pursue our interests and goals. however, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. moreover, we should take th