《商務(wù)英語》試卷(A卷)

1、i. matching the terms with their definitions ( 5% )a. academy cultureb. win/win negotiatorsc. low-context cultured. superstitions e. recovery stage1.（b ）people who see deal-making as a collaborative and problem-solving process.2.（ c ）it refers to the groups of cultures that value individual orientat

2、ion and overt communication codes and maintains a heterogeneous normative structure with low cultural demand characteristics.3.（ e ）a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture.4.（ d ）beliefs that are inconsistent with the known laws of science or what soci

3、ety considers to be true and rational.5.（a ）the strategic process of marketing among consumers whose culture differs from that of the marketers own culture at least in one of the fundamental cultural aspects, such as language, religion, social norms and values, education and the living style.ii. dec

4、ide whether the following statements are true (t) or false ( f ) ( 10% )6.（ ）shaking hands at different time will leave different impressions upon the person you are addressing. 7.（t ）people of different cultural backgrounds usually behave and respond in different ways in the context. 8. ( ) cultura

5、l differences can generate positive impacts on negotiation as people can learn from each other. 9. ( ) culture serves to create a general consensus on fundamental issues and facilitates decision-making during crises. 10. ( ) clothes make the man or the woman and the reality is that how you look goes

6、 a long way toward leaving a great first impression. 11. ( ) the easier it is to adjust to a new culture, the easier it is to readjust to a home culture. 12. ( ) it is not advisable to make a high offer at the beginning of negotiation. 13.（ ）culture offers ways of identifying with the organization a

7、nd creates a “ you-feeling.” 14.（ ）the french culture is a high-context culture; american culture is a low-context one. 15.（ ） in the united states, a businessman who is invited for dinner to the private home of a business contact is expected to write a thank-you note shortly after the event. iii. r

8、eading comprehension ( 20 % )passage 1. moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, influencing ones outlook for hours, days or even weeks. thats great if your mood is a pleasant one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely. perhaps the best way to deal with

9、 such moods is to talk them out; sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. modern pharmacology(藥物學(xué)) offers an abundance of tranquilizers(鎮(zhèn)靜劑), anti-depressants and anti-anxiety drugs. what many people dont realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the effectiveness of several nondrugs

10、 approaches to make you loose from an unwanted mood. these can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous. so next time you feel out of sorts, dont head for the drug-store but try the following approach. of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, aerobic(增氧健身的)

11、exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood. “if you could keep the exercise, youd be in high spirits.” says kathryn lance, author of running for health and beauty. researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as a moo

12、d raiser. physical exertion such as housework, however, does little. the key is aerobic exercise-running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and sustained activities that boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the bodys utilization of oxygen. do them for at least 20 minut

13、es a session three to five times a week.16. what is the main subject of the passage?aa) how to beat a bad mood.b) how to do physical exercises. c) how to talk bad moods outd) how to be involved in aerobic exercise.17. it can be inferred from the passage that_b_.a) the best way to overcome a bad mood

14、 is to talk to oneselfb) when one is in a bad mood, he or she may not work very efficientlyc) some drugs are more effective than physical than physical exercisesd) a person can make a big profit if he is in a good mood18. “feel out of sorts”, as it is used in the second paragraph could best be repla

15、ced by _b_ a) put things in order b) are in a bad moodc) search for tranquilizersd) want a mood-raiser19. according to the passage, all of the following are true except_a_.a) moods can have a bad influence on peoples emotionsb) aerobic exercise can help people get rid of bad moodc) swimming, walking

16、, or running is an efficient cure for a bad moodd) scientists have provided people with many tranquilizers20. which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?ba) a procedure is explained and significance is emphasized.b) a problem is examined and solutions are given.c) two con

17、trasting views of a problem are presented.d recent pharmacological advancements are in order of importance.passage2there are many reasons for the tidal action which is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors, all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place at any one ti

18、me. the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. when the attraction is great, the tide is high, and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a lit

19、tle over six hours, being called during its rise a floodtide, and during its fall an ebb tide(退潮). the sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. when the moon and the sun are horizontal, the highest tide occurs an

20、d when they are vertical the lowest tide takes place. the wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. thus these factors affect each other, either detracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subtract from the weight of the tide. but the

21、tides still move inexorably(無情地)on, rising twice a day, getting a little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows.21. which of the following factors will not affect the time of the tide?ba) the position of the sun and the moon.b) the mass of the moon.c) the

22、changing tide.d) the attractive force of the moon.22. the principal idea of this article is_d_.a) the attraction of the sun and the moonb) the sun, the moon and the windc) the changing tided) the factors affecting the tide23. it can be concluded from this article that the attraction of the sun is_d_

23、.a) more than half that of the moonb) more than that of the moonc) more than twice that of the moond) half that of the moon24. if the first high tide takes place at 1:00 a.m. the next high tide will probably take place at_c_.a) 7:20 a.m. b) 8:00 a.m. c) 1:45 p.m. d) high noon25. according to this ar

24、ticle, it is clear that the force of the moon_c_.a) is not as important as that of the windb) is less than half as much as the sunc) cause the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seasd) does not influence the rise and fall of the surface of the seasvi. choose the best word to fill in the b

25、lanks and change the forms where necessary ( 10 % ) 29 perspectives 31 element26 marketing28 standardization 34attitudes toward change 35 interactions32 culture 33 promotion 30 consumers and business 27 agentsculture influences _26_and marketing influences culture. marketers can act as _27_ of chang

26、es within a culture. the _28_ between marketing and culture can be examined from three _29_ . firstly, culture defines acceptable purchasing and product-use behaviors for both _30 _. take business gift as an example: in cultures where a business gift is expected but not presented, it is an insult to

27、 the host not to give him one. in countries where gift generate an obligation, such as in japan, it may be beneficial to engage in the practice. yet, in other cultures, offering a business gift could be misinterpreted as inappropriate, thus offending the recipients. secondly, each _31_ of culture in

28、fluences each component of the marketing mix. _ 32_ , for instance, is strongly influenced by the language. product acceptance is affected by culturally based _33_ . the distribution is influenced by social institutions, such as kinship ties. thirdly, marketing also influence _34_ , especially by co

29、ntributing to cultural borrowing and change. in the long run, as more markets become global and _35_ of marketing mix increases, the rate of cultural changes will also increase. v. answer the following questions briefly ( 20 % ) 回答下列問題作了簡要介紹36. compare the american negotiation styles with the german

30、y ones briefly. 比較美國談判的風(fēng)格和德國的人作了簡要介紹。36，german and american negotiating style is different.the german negotiations are always ready to do the work perfectly. the german people like to make clear that he is eager to make trading, accurately determine the form of trade，detailed regulations negotiation

31、s of the issue, and prepare a cover about all issues price list. in the negotiation process, the german statements and offer are all very clear, resolute and decisive.the american people are always cheerfully to begin negotiations with this kind of attitude to pursue economic benefits in the consult

32、ation stage, their energetic can quickly make the negotiations reach to the substantial stage.37. explain “ culture shock” briefly. 解釋一下“文化沖擊”作了簡要介紹37，culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings。felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment after

33、 leaving everything familiar behind and they have to find their way in a new culture that has a different way of life and a different mindset such as in a foreign country.culture shock is a state of dis-ease, just like a disease. it has many different effects, time spans, and degrees of severity. ma

34、ny people are handicapped by its presence and don't recognize what is bothering them. culture shock symptoms are really hard to seclude.culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock. transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a cha

35、nge in one's familiar environment which requires adjustment. vi. translate the following passages into chinese ( 20 % ) abased on these two kinds of different contexts, the cultures in this world can be classified into two major categories: high-context and low-context cultures. in high-context

36、culture, the members usually have the same language of some race as well as the same norms of values, so information is easy to transmit; while in low-context culture, it is different because various differences exist in the society, resulting from the presence of many subcultures independent of eac

37、h other. 基于這2種不同的情況，在這個世界的文化可以分為2大類：高語境文化和低語境文化。在高語境文化，成員通常具有相同的語言的一些種族以及同樣的價值準(zhǔn)則，使信息易于傳輸；而在低語境文化，因為存在于不同的社會差異它是不同的，存在造成許多亞文化相互獨立。 bmarkets must determine which intercultural differences are relevant to their situation in a new foreign market. sensitivity to and tolerance for intercultural difference

38、s is a highly desirable trait for international marketing managers. most international companies hire managers from the local culture because they bring an intimate knowledge of the indigenous （ 本地的） culture to strategic decision-making. 市場必須確定哪些文化差異有關(guān)他們的情況，在一個新的國外市場。敏感性和容忍的文化差異是非?？扇〉奶匦?，國際營銷經(jīng)理。大多數(shù)國際

39、公司聘請管理人員從當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?，因為他們帶來的親密的本地的文化的戰(zhàn)略決策。vii. writing. case study: mr. wang came to american for study. at first he was excited about everything he saw, but later he couldnt sleep and did not like to eat anything, and suffered great mentally, try to explain it .( 15% ) . 王先生來到美國學(xué)習(xí)。起初，他對他所看到的一切感到興奮，但后來他無法

40、入睡和不喜歡吃什么，蒙受了巨大的精神，試圖解釋它。mr. wang came to american for study. at first he was excited about everything he saw, but later he couldnt sleep and did not like to eat anything, and suffered great mentally, the reason is：culture shock has many stages. each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain ti

41、mes. the first stage is the incubation stage. in this first stage, the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new things encountered. this time is called the “honeymoon” stage, as everything encountered is new and exciting. afterwards, the second stage presents itself. mr. wang m

42、ay encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. for example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. in this stage, there may be feelings of discontent, impatience, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence, this happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new

43、 culture that is very different from the culture of origin. transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete. during the transition, there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction. the third stage is characterized by gaining some unde

44、rstanding of the new culture. a new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. one may start to feel a certain psychological balance. the new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. the individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belo

45、ng. this initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new. in the forth stage, the person realizes that the culture has good and bad things to offer. this stage can be one of double integration or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. this integration is accompan