不定代詞(包括復(fù)合不定代詞)的用法及練習(xí)

1、定義常用不定代詞有：some( someth ing , somebody some on© , any (any thi ng , an ybody, anyone), no( no thi ng , n obody, no one) , every (everyth ing , everybody , every one), all , each, both , much, many (a) little , (a) few , other (s) , another , none, one , either , neither等。一般來講，修飾不定代詞的詞要置于其后。不定代詞，

2、即不指明代替任何特定 名詞或形容詞的代詞。some,a ny ,all,both ,non e,either, neither,each,every,均為不定代詞。2用法不定代詞大部分可以代替 名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀 語。作主語Both of them are teachers.他們兩人都是 教師。作賓語I know no thi ng about this pers on.我對這個人一無所知。作表語This book is too much difficult for a child 了。.這本書對一個小孩來說太難作定語There is a little water

3、 in the glass 可以在強調(diào)一下 a little,little,a few,few a little剩一點兒了 數(shù)名詞).玻璃杯里有一些水。的區(qū)別：通常帶有肯定的意思，表示還有一點；而 little帶有否定的意思，只。（little后通常加不可數(shù)名詞）a few和few同上。（后通常加可作狀語I can't find my book any where.我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。這一句也可以表示成：I can find我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。修飾不定代詞的詞，一般情況下要后置3舉例一般不定代詞用法例子1. some 些，某些，某個不定代詞some可以代替名詞和形容

4、詞，常用在 肯定句中作主語、賓語、定語 等。作定語時，它可以修飾 可數(shù)名詞（單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可）和 不可數(shù)名詞。例如： some are doctors ，some are nurses .有些人是醫(yī)生，有些人是護(hù)士。（作主 語）2. any 些，任何不定代詞any可以代替名詞和形容詞，常用在 否定句或疑問句中作主語、賓語、 定語等。作定語時，它可以修飾 可數(shù)名詞（多為復(fù)數(shù)）和 不可數(shù)名詞。例如： there isn ' t any ink in my pen.我的鋼筆沒有墨水。（作定語）不定代詞any有時也可以用在 肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：you may com

5、e at any time ； i ' II be home the whole day.你任何時候來都行，我整天都將呆在家里。不定代詞any也可以用作副詞，做狀語，表示程度。例如：is he any better today ?他今天好一點了嗎？3. all全體，所有（指三者以上）不定代詞all在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語或同位語。它可以代表或修 飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。代表或修飾可數(shù)名詞時，指兩個以上的人或物。作先 行詞時，引導(dǎo)詞用that。例如：all were present at the meeting.全都到會了。（作主語，代表 可數(shù)名詞）4. both全部，都不定代

6、詞both指兩個人或事物。和all 一樣，可以用作主語、賓語、定語或同 位語。例如：we invited both to come to our farm.我們邀請兩個人 都來我們的農(nóng)場？（作賓語）5. none無人或無不定代詞none的含義和all物相反，和no one，not any同義，但其用法相當(dāng) 于名詞，在句子中一般作主語或賓語。它代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可。例如：none of the problems is /are easy to solve.這些問題沒有一個是容易解決的。（作主語，代替可數(shù)名詞）6. either

7、 兩者之中的任何一個，這個或那個。不定代詞either可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如：either of them will agree to this arrangent.他們兩人中會有人同意這樣的安排的。（作主語）7. neither 兩者都不不定代詞neither 是either的否定形式，可以作主語、賓語和定語。例如：neither is in teresti ng.兩個都沒有趣。（作主語）8. each每個，各自的不定代詞each指每一個人或事物的個別情況，甚至指這些個別情況各不相同。 它在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。例如：she gave the childre n two

8、apples each.她給了每個小孩兩個蘋果。（作 thechildre n 的同位語。）9. every 每個，每一的，一切的不定代詞every有"全體"的意思，和all的意義相近，但只能作定語。復(fù)合不定代詞1. some, any, every, no 都能和one, body, thing起構(gòu)成代詞，這些代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞。它們基本含義為：指人 somebodysome one 某人anybody、anyone :任何人 everybody、every one :每人 no body、no one :沒人指物Something某物某事anything 任何事物eve

9、rything 切nothing 沒東西2. 一般情況下，some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句； any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用于 否定句或疑問句；no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定 含義，用于否定句。如： I have someth ing to tell you.我有事要告訴你。 He didn ' t say anything at the meeting yesterday.昨天在會上他沒發(fā)言。 Everybody likes swimming.每個人都喜歡 游泳。 There is no thi ng wrong with your ears.你耳朵沒毛病。3

10、. something可用于提建議或請求的問句中，以及希望說話對方作出肯定回答 的問句中。如：Would you like somethi ng to eat? 你要吃點東西嗎？4. 復(fù)合不定代詞在句子中作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Nobody knows his name. 沒有人知道他的名字。5. 不定代詞的定語要后置。如：Is there anything important in today' s newspaper? 今天的報紙上有什么重要新聞嗎？一般的，不定代詞（包括復(fù)合不定代詞）在句子中，通常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式6。復(fù)合不定代詞的否定。1、 “not every

11、-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。例如：Not everythi ng will go well.并非一切都會那么順利。The teacher did n ' t call every one' s n ame. 老師并沒有點所有人的名。2、“not any - ”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He liste ned, but heard nothi ng.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。=He listened, but didn' t hear anything.You haven' t called anyone/anybody up, have yo

12、u?你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？=You have called no one/n obody up, have you?1. 不定式是英語動詞的一種形式。它在許多情況下可省略"to",它不同于漢語動 詞，漢語動詞只有一種形式。如：我看書。她看書。但 英語要說“看”必須根據(jù) 主語的人稱，動作發(fā)生的時間等確定其形式。女如： 1） I read a book. 2）Shereads a book.1 ）句中的 “ read”是一般現(xiàn)在時第一人稱 的動詞定式。2）句中的“ reads”是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱 單數(shù)的動詞定式。I want to read a book./She want

13、s to read a book.我想要看書。她想要看書。其中的“看”不易確定其形式。因為動作還未發(fā)生， 因此稱不定式。通俗的說，就是“不一定是什么形式”2. 不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，英語中不定代詞有：some（ someth ing，somebody some on© ，any （any thi ng ，an ybody，anyone）， no（ no thi ng ，n obody, no one） ， every （ everyth ing ，everybody，every one）， all ，each，both，much, many （a） litt

14、le ， （a） few，other （s） ，another， none， one， either ， neither 等。1）陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用aren't I.rm as tall as your sister， aren't I?2）陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3）陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely,little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。The Swede

15、made no an swer, did he / she?Some pla nts n ever blow n （開花）,do they ?4）含有ought to的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用should n't /ought n't + 主語。He ought to know what to do, ought n't he? / should n't he?5）陳述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑問部分常用don't +主語（did n't+主語）。We have to get there at e

16、ight tomorrow, don't we?6）陳述部分的謂語是used to時，疑問部分用did n't +主語或used n't +主語。He used to take pictures there, did n't he? / used n't he?7）陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用had n't you?You'd better read it by yourself, had n't you?8）陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 would n't + 主語。

17、He would rather read it ten times tha n recite it, would n't he?9）陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用would n't +主語。You'd like to go with me, would n't you?10）陳述部分有must的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。He must be a doctor, is n't he?You must have studied En glish for three years, have n't you? /

18、 did n't you?He must have fini shed it yesterday, did n't he?11）感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。What colours, aren't they?What a smell, is n't it?12）陳述部分由neithernor, either or連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根 據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13）陳述部分主語是 指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this,疑問部分主語用i

19、t oEverythi ng is ready, is n't it?14）陳述部分為主語 從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部分有三種情況：a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。Mr. Smith had bee n to Beiji ng for several times, he should have bee n in China now, should n't he?b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wan te

20、d to visit Japa n, did n't he?c. 上述部分主句謂語是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15）陳述部分主語是不定代詞 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)heoThis is our new h

21、eadmaster, isn ' t it?Those are Japanese, aren ' t they?One should be ready to help others, shouldn' t one?One can' t be too c areful, can you?Each of the stude nts has a dicti on ary, has n' t he?Each of the stude nts passed the exam in ati on, did n' t they?None of his mone

22、y is left, is it?None of his frie nds are in terested, are they?None of his frie nds has come, has he?Something will have to be done about the price, won' t it?Everybody is kind to you, aren ' t they?No one left here yesterday, did they?Some one turned that radio dow n, don' t they?Neith

23、er side could win, could they?Everything that he says is false, isn' t it?I am older than you, aren ' t I / ain ' t I?I am working now, ain ' t I / am I not?I wish to see the movie now, may I?I wish I were you, may I?16）帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用need （dare ） + 語。We n eed not do it a

24、ga in, n eed we ?He dare not say so, dare you?當(dāng)dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do +主語。She does n't dare to go home alone, does she?17）省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用 will you 。Don't do that aga in, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意：Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us開頭的祈使句，后用will you?Let's

25、 go and liste n to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18）陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。There is somethi ng wrong with your watch, is n't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19）否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, is n't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20）must在表"推測"時，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。He must be there no w, is n't he?It must be going to rain tomorro