2022年初中英語語法--名詞專題

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載名詞（一）一.名詞的概念： 在我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和事物,它們都有自己的稱呼,我們用來稱呼它們的詞就為名詞,概括來說表示人.事物.地方.現(xiàn)象等的名稱 的詞都叫名詞 ；二.名詞的分類：1專出名詞：它的第一個字母通常大寫；a. 人名.地名.國名等例如： lucy、 shanghai、 chinab.組織.團(tuán)體.機(jī)構(gòu)等例如: the united nationsc.語言.星期.月份等例如： english、 friday、 march 留意介詞 in/on/at 的用法 留意：國家與人的對應(yīng)china- chineseamerica- americansaus

2、tralia- australians canada- canadiansjapan- japanesegermany- germans france-frenchmanfrenchmengb-englishmanenglishmen 2 一般名詞：（ 1）不行數(shù)名詞 ：不行以直接以數(shù)字運(yùn)算的名詞； 例如：snow、 air、 water、 rice、 paper、 work、 news 新聞,food、 rain、 weather、 juice、 milk、meat、 money , english、 fruit 、 information不行數(shù)名詞要表示詳細(xì)數(shù)量,必需借助of 短語；如不能

3、說 one bread,但為可以說 one piece of bread和 two pieces of bread；只能用來修飾不行數(shù)名詞的表示數(shù)量的一些詞或短語：little 很少的（表示否定） ； a little 一些（表示確定）,much（很多）,how much（多少）, a bit of（一些）既能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞又能用來修飾不行數(shù)名詞的表示數(shù)量的一些詞或短語：some一些,用于確定句 、 any（一些,用于否定和疑問句） a lot of 很多、 lots of 很多不行數(shù)名詞量的表示方法：計量詞+of例如： a piece of newsa cup ofteaa piece o

4、f bread two pieces of newstwo cups of teatwo pieces of bread留意：a bag of apples1精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載（ 2）可數(shù)名詞 ：可以直接以 數(shù)字運(yùn)算 的名詞；如 one book.two pens；可數(shù)名詞有數(shù)的變化, 即每個名詞都有 單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 兩種形式；可數(shù)名詞可以用兩種方式表示詳細(xì)數(shù)量： 1.直接在其前加數(shù)詞； 2.在其前加 of 短語（ of+可以用作計量的名詞）；如： one egg、 two eggs; one basket of eggs、 two baskets of eggs 名詞

5、復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成：a. 一般情形下,直接在詞尾加s;例如：book-booksgirl-girlsdesk-desksb. 以s、 x、sh、ch結(jié)尾 的 , 在 詞 尾加es； 例 如 ： box-boxesbus-buses watch-watchesfish-fishesc. 以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾的,變 y 為 i加 es; 例如： city-citiesfamily-families以元音字母（a、 e、 i、 o、 u）+y結(jié)尾的, 直接加 s; 例如：boy-boysday-days key-keysd. 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的,變f 或 fe 為 v 加 es; 例如： knife-

6、kniveslife-lives wife-wiveshalf-halves 但 roof、 scarf后直接加 se. 以 o 結(jié)尾的, 有生命的 或以輔音字母加o 結(jié)尾的 加 es、 沒生命的（或以元音字母加 o 結(jié)尾的）加 s; 例如： radio-radiosnegro-negroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeszoo-zoospiano-pianosphoto-photos 但 hippo 后直接加 s以下名詞特殊簡單出錯,請留意：stomach 胃 stomachs、 roof 屋頂roofs、 reef暗 礁 reefs、 belief 信仰 be

7、liefs,handkerchief手帕handkerchiefs/handkerchievesman-men、 woman-women、foot-feet、tooth-teeth、 goose-geese、 child-children、 fish-fish/fishes、sheep-sheep、 ox-oxen （ 公 牛 ） 、deer-deer、 chinese-chinese、japanese-japanese、 mouse-micepoliceman-policemen 等注： german德國人germans只能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的表示數(shù)量的一些詞或短語：few 很少的（表示否定）

8、,a few 一些（表示確定）,many（很多）,how many（多少）, a number of很多的 、 several幾個課堂練習(xí)：2精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載一.寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載1.egg 4. knife 7. desk 2. watch 5. radio 8. glass 3. story 6. tomato 9. child 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載10. sheep11. chinese 12.pencil-box 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載13. wife 1

9、4. family 15. city 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載16. dress 17.englishman 18. match 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載19. exam 22. .juice 25.paper 28.bus 20. german 23.water 26.factory 29.class 21. potato 24.holiday 27. thief 30.glass 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載31. wife32. baby33. policeman34.brush二.單項(xiàng)挑選1. please pass me

10、.a. two glass of waterb. two glasses of watersc. two glasses of waterd. two glass water2. they got much from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc.informationd. stories3. he had something to write down and asked me for .a.a paperb.some papersc.some pieces of papersd.a piece of paper4. some are flying k

11、ites near the river. a.childb.boyc.boysd.childs5. i d like some water、 but he wants .a. two bottle orangeb. two bottles of orangec. two bottles of oranges d. two bottles of oranges6. look at the . you can see and .a. photos; potatoes、 tomatoes、 radioes b. photoes; potatoes、 tomatoes、 radiosc. photos

12、; potatoes、 tomatoes、 radios d. photos; potatos、 tomatos、 radioes7. cut the apple into .a. halfsb.halvesc. half8. mr. lin often gives us by e-mail.a. some good informationb. some good informationsc. good informationsd. a good information3精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載9. there are in the fields. they re eat

13、ing grass.a. a horseb. much horsesc. many horsed. many horses10. i am thirsty. would you bring me 、 please. a.some bread b.some water c.some cakesd.some eggs11. -how great dalian radio and tv center looks.- yes. that s one of the greatest in dalian.a. buildingb. buildc. buildingsd. builds12. how man

14、y has the old farmer got.a. fieldb. sheepc. muttond. cow13. the guide has some new . she can show them to us. a.riceb.foodc.jacketd.pictures14. -what would you like to drink、 girls. - 、 please.a.two cup of coffeeb.two cups of coffeesc.two cups of coffeed.two cup of coffees15. the are going to fly to

15、 beijing. a.germenb.germanyc.germanysd.germans16. the has two .a.boys、 watchesb.boy、 watchc.boy、 watchesd.boys、watch17. the boy always stays there for .a.one and half hourb.one and a half hourc.one and half hoursd.one and a half hours18. -they are thirsty. will you please give them . -certainly.a.so

16、me bottles of waters b.some bottles of waterc.some bottle of waterd.some bottle of waters19. don t you think dalian is one of the most beautiful in china.a.citiesb.cityc.placed.towns up20. -what can i do for you. -i m looking for .a.a pair of shoesb.a pair of t-shirtc.two pairs of hatd.two pair of t

17、rousers21. twelve were hurt、 but no were lost in that accident. a.person; lifeb.people; livesc.peoples; livesd.persons; life4精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載22. there are on the table.a.a glass ofwaterb.a glass of milkc.twoglasses ofwaterd.a glass of orange23. there are few in the fridge. let gso and buy som

18、e peas、 carrots andcabbages.a.vegetablesb.fruitc.meatd.eggs24. mr. smith always has to tell us.a.some good pieces of newsb.some pieces of good news c.some good piece of newsd.some piece of good news25. there is a lot of in the box.a. cakeb.bags of cakes c.milkd.bags of milk課后作業(yè)：一.英漢互譯1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶3.一

19、箱蘋果4.一碗湯5.一條消息6.四杯桔子汁7.五包糖果8.兩公斤牛肉9.十一名美國人10. 六名女同學(xué)二.用所給名詞的正確形式填空；1. i have twoknife.2. there are manybox here.3. i got a lot of christmascard.4. there is a pair ofglass on the table.5. there are a fewpeople in the playground.6. how manyship can you see in the picture.7. mike has sevenfriend.8. a fe

20、wboy are drawing on the wall.5精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載9. he has some interestingbook.10. thechild are playing football now.三.單項(xiàng)挑選1. he is hungry. give him to eat.a. two breadsb. two piece of breadc. two pieces of bread d. two pieces of breads2. i would like to have .a. two glasses of milkb. two glass

21、 of milkc. two glasses of milksd. two glass of milks3. can you give me .a. a teab. some cup of teac. a cup tea d . a cup of tea4. please give me paper.a. oneb. a piecec. ad. a piece of5. john bought for himself yesterday.a. two pairs of shoesb. two pair of shoec. two pair of shoesd. two pairs shoes6

22、. children should make for old people in a bus.a. roomb. a roomc. roomsd. the room7. there are sixty-seven in our school.a. women's teacherb. women teachersc. woman teachersd. women teacher8. we needsome more .can yougoand getsome、 please.a. potatob.potatosc.potatoesd.potatos9.a group of are tal

23、king with two over there.a. frenchmen; germans b. frenchmen; germen c. german; frenchmen d. germans; frenchmans11. lucy and i go to school every day.a. on feetb. on footc. by footsd. by buses12. are those . n- o、 they aren t. they re .a. sheep; cows b. sheep; cow c. sheeps; cowd. sheeps; cows 13.she

24、 is the tallest ofin the family.6精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. any sisterb. all the sistersc. all her sistersd. any other sisters14. they dont have to dotoday.a. muchhomeworkb.manyhomeworksc.manyhomeworkd.much homeworks15. the chinese people enjoy happynow.a. lifeb. lifesc. a lifed. lives名詞（二）重點(diǎn)： 名詞全部格在

25、英語中,有些名詞的詞尾可以加上s、 用來表示所屬關(guān)系,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為名詞的全部格；1. 單數(shù)名詞變?nèi)扛?只需在詞尾加s.eg. the boys schoolbagthe workers shoes2. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞尾已有s、 只需加 即可；eg. the teachersofficethe studentspens3. 如復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾無s、 就應(yīng)加 s.eg. womens daythe peoples park4. 無生命的詞的全部格一般可用of 加名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表示；eg. the name of the museumthe center of the city5. 表示幾個人共有一樣?xùn)|

26、西,只需在最終一個人的名詞前加s,如表示各自全部, 就每個名詞后都要加 s.eg. jim and toms bedroom 吉姆和湯姆的臥房 （兩人共有）jims and toms bedrooms 吉姆和湯姆的臥房 （兩人各自全部）課堂練習(xí)：一.用 s 或 of填空；1. my motherbag2. tomfriend3. the doorour room4. postmenbags5. the teachersdesk6. a bookmy fathers7精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載二.漢譯英1.露西的書2.同學(xué)們的鞋子3.李明的貓4.母親的裙子5.這個公園的花6.

27、我們教室的墻三.用所給名詞的正確形式填空；1. this ismay book.2. mybrothers toy cars are very beautiful.3. he is a friend of mymother.4. thatsken and bill new bedroom.5. -whose are these lunchbox.-they areben.6. pat bag is very pretty.（ bob） is very pretty、 too.7. these books are myfriend.8. tomorrow is june 1st. it schi

28、ldren day.四.單項(xiàng)挑選1. this is not your radio、 but.a. yours brotherb. your brothersc. you brothersd. yours brothers2. september 10th isday.a. teacherb. teachersc. teachersd. teacherss3. jane issister.a. mary and jackb. marys and jacksc. marys and jackd. mary and jacks4. i will give youto finish it.a. tw

29、o weeks timeb. two week timec. two weekstimed. two weeks time5. miss smith is a friend of.a. mary s mothersb. marys motherc. mary mothersd. mothers of mary6. march 8th isday.8精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. womanb. womenc. womensd. womans7. mary went tolast night.a. the house of her fatherb. hers fathers

30、housec. the houses her fatherd. her fathers house8. there aresheep in this place.a. a lotb. lotc. muchd. many9. its aboutwalk from this shop to the nearest bus stop.a. three minutesb. three minutec. three minutesd. three minutess10. the doctor was very happy. he mademistakes in the exam.a. a littleb. littlec. fewd. a few課后練習(xí)：一.用 s 或 of填空；1. the desksour classr