新概念2 Unit 28

1、1. 帳篷帳篷2. 極好的極好的3. 睡袋睡袋4. 爬行爬行5. 舒適的舒適的6. 香甜的香甜的7. 跳躍跳躍8. 蜿蜒蜿蜒9. 背默第背默第4段段Lesson 28FREE TALK:1. Does your father or mother have a car?2. Where does she or he usually park her or his car?3. What will you do if somebody park his car in front of the gate of your garage? Lets talk about traffic logos 【N

2、ew words and expressions】 rare adj. 罕見的 ancient adj. 古代的，古老的 myth n. 神話故事 trouble n. 麻煩 effect n. 結(jié)果，效果 Medusa n. 美杜莎（古希臘神話中3位蛇發(fā)女怪這一） Gorgon n. （古希臘神話）3位蛇發(fā)女怪之一（凡見其貌者都會變成石頭） Interesting knowledge傳說美杜莎原是個十分美麗的少女，長著一頭披肩秀發(fā)。人們都說美杜莎是世間最漂亮的女人，連天上的女神在她面前都要黯然失色。因此激怒了雅典娜，而被雅典娜剝奪美貌，并且將頭發(fā)變成毒蛇，成為一頭面目猙獰的怪物，人只要碰到她

3、目光，就立即變成石頭。戈耳工的血液雖然劇毒，卻擁有特殊的力量，曾賦予埃里克特翁尼亞斯（Erichthonius）以起死回生的能力。珀?duì)栃匏?Perseus)用割下的美杜莎的頭顱殺死了海怪塞特斯（Cetus），回去后把頭顱交給雅典娜，雅典娜把它固定在自己的盾牌(Aegis)中央。戈耳工三姐妹的頭像常被藝術(shù)家用在象征性的徽章、建筑的裝飾物甚至雅典的錢幣上，也曾用于士兵的盾牌上。敵人看了盾牌上的美杜莎的臉就會變成石像。古希臘人將美杜莎的頭像繪制在盤子上，以達(dá)到趨吉避兇的效果。 Language pointrare adj. 罕見的罕見的 adj. 罕見的 rare 指世界上都少有 rare spec

4、ies 稀有物種rare animal 稀有動物；rare bird 珍稀鳥類；rare illness 疑難雜癥 scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某個時間段或某個地方少有） Watermelon is scarce in winter. （watermelon n. 西瓜） adj. 幾乎是生的 well done 全熟 medium adj. 半生半熟的 ancient adj. 古代的古代的, 古老的古老的 ancient Egypt 古埃及 ancient historyantique adj. 古代的，古玩，古董，古老而有價值的 antique

5、furniture 古董家具 myth n. 神話故事 fairy n. 神仙故事mythology 神話學(xué) trouble n. 麻煩 n. 麻煩 Im sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉給你帶來麻煩(口語) ask for trouble 自找麻煩 He is asking for trouble. have trouble in doing sth. 做遇到麻煩have trouble with sb. 和某人相處有麻煩和某人相處有麻煩 I have trouble (in) parking the car. =I have a lot of troubl

6、e parking the car. v. 麻煩麻煩 Woman/Man/Child troubles. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. Let sleeping dog lie. (let sb. do sth.) effect n. 結(jié)果, 效果 have an effect 有效果 have no effect 沒有效果 have effect on 對有效果 The advice has no effect on me. affect vi.影響，產(chǎn)生效果effective adj. 高效的，有效果的 New word

7、sNew wordsrareancientmythtroubleeffectMedusaGorgon 罕見的罕見的古代的，古老的古代的，古老的神話故事神話故事麻煩麻煩結(jié)果，效果結(jié)果，效果美杜莎美杜莎蛇發(fā)女怪蛇發(fā)女怪New wordsNew words罕見的罕見的古代的，古老的古代的，古老的神話故事神話故事麻煩麻煩結(jié)果，效果結(jié)果，效果美杜莎美杜莎蛇發(fā)女怪蛇發(fā)女怪rareancientmythtroubleeffectMedusaGorgon Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has

8、 just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper h

9、as put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owne

10、rs to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Questions on the text:1.Are there many people who believe in ancient myths? No, there arent.2. Whats Jasper just bought? A new house.3. Since when has he had trouble with cars and their owners? Since he moved in.4. What does he always find w

11、hen he comes home in the evenings? Someone has parked a car outside his gate.5. Whats he put up outside his gate? No Parking signs.6. Where has he put a stone head? Over the gate.Text Explanation1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. one of +名詞/代詞 其中之一（of后面的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)，

12、但與這個結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞必須是單數(shù)） One of your friends is waiting for you now. 如果在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了one of作為先行詞, 它后邊的關(guān)系代詞指代的是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；Tommy is one of the boys who like English in this class.如果在 one of前面還有一修飾詞 (the) only,那么后邊的關(guān)系代詞將指代one這個詞, 才作單數(shù)看 He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 翻譯：這些答案中有一個

13、是對的。One of the answers is true. believe vt. 相信（某人的話），認(rèn)為 Do you believe that cats eat grass? believe in 信任，信賴（人格、力量等）；信仰；相信的存在，相信的價值 Ive I believe in God. 翻譯： 我從來就不信任約翰。 I never believed in John. 2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars an

14、d their owners. ever since =since 從那以后一直（ever since的語氣比since強(qiáng)，主句一般用完成時） Ive been interested in flying ever since I was a boy. He left the village last year and has never returned ever since. have trouble doing 做有麻煩 have trouble with sb. 和某人相處有麻煩 I have trouble with my roommate. 3、Because of this, he

15、 has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. because 關(guān)系副詞，后面接原因狀語從句 He came back early because it was raining.because of 介詞，只能跟名詞、代詞或動詞 “-ing”構(gòu)成介詞短語 He came back early because of the rain. He came back early because of raining.be able to 的主語一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；can表示天生的或?qū)W到的能力時，只能用于現(xiàn)在時和

16、過去時（could），而不可用于將來時。將來時中表示能力時必須用be able to。在現(xiàn)在時和過去時中，can/could與be able to一般可以互換，在完成時中一般用be able to。 9-month old Tom is already able to stand up. Ill be able to pass my driving test after Ive had a few lessons. get sth. into 把弄進(jìn) get his car into his garage （？）drive the car into 把車子撞上 I drove the car

17、into the wall /tree. （？）even once 甚至一次（even 起強(qiáng)調(diào)） 4、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. “I have ever seen” 做定語從句, 修飾前邊的faces 如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語, 關(guān)系詞可以省略, 所以 I 前的which被省略 This is the most difficult work I have ever done. This is the most terrible news I have ever heard. 有兩個結(jié)構(gòu)一定用最高級： of+范圍 of al

18、l the students in+地點(diǎn) He is the tallest in the room. 5、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. hope 的后面加that從句 turn sth. to (into) 把前者變成后者 turn the prince to a frog He was turned to a frog. They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place. turn to sb/sth. 向求助 If y

19、ou dont know this word you can turn to the dictionary. 6、But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none of，neither of做主語時做單數(shù)看待 【Key structures】 What has happened? 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的生在過去但它的影響影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)

20、到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成形式：構(gòu)成形式： 助動詞助動詞 have / has+ 過去分詞過去分詞肯定式：主語肯定式：主語+have / has+ 過去分詞過去分詞+其他其他 I have read the book twice.否定式：主語否定式：主語+havent / hasnt+ 過去分詞過去分詞+其他其他 I havent been there before. 疑問式：疑問式：Have / Has+主語主語+ 過去分詞過去分詞+其他？其他？ Have you finished your homework?現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成及基本句型現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成及基本句型 與現(xiàn)在完成

21、時連用的副詞和副詞短語：與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語：before(now)，so far，up to/till now，just，already，now，ever，never，since和和for 等，等，since一般與一個時間點(diǎn)連用，一般與一個時間點(diǎn)連用，for一般與時間段連用一般與時間段連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某一個動作對現(xiàn)在表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某一個動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。造成的影響或結(jié)果。 常與常與just, already, 和和yet 連用連用 - Have you had lunch? - Yes, I have.

22、 Ive just had it. 你吃過午飯沒？有，吃過了，我剛剛吃的。你吃過午飯沒？有，吃過了，我剛剛吃的。（影響及結(jié)果：我現(xiàn)在飽了，不需要了）（影響及結(jié)果：我現(xiàn)在飽了，不需要了）He has already gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。他已經(jīng)去北京了。（影響及結(jié)果：他人現(xiàn)在不在這里了）（影響及結(jié)果：他人現(xiàn)在不在這里了） (2) 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或 狀態(tài)。常和狀態(tài)。常和for +時間段時間段、since+時間點(diǎn)時間點(diǎn)連用。連用。 I have been here for three days. 我在這里已經(jīng)我在這里

23、已經(jīng)3天了。天了。 His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自他爸爸自1991年以來都在這家工廠工作。年以來都在這家工廠工作。(3) 表示從某個模糊的過去時間起直到現(xiàn)在，表示從某個模糊的過去時間起直到現(xiàn)在，常與常與up till now和和so far連用連用,描述重復(fù)的動作描述重復(fù)的動作Up till now he has always passed his exams. 到目前為止他都能通過考試。（但下次是否到目前為止他都能通過考試。（但下次是否還能通過是個問題）還能通過是個問題）I have been to New Yor

24、k three times so far. 目前為止我已去過紐約三次了。（而且我很目前為止我已去過紐約三次了。（而且我很有可能再去）有可能再去）【Special Difficulties】 關(guān)系從句及關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系從句又可稱為定語從句定語從句或形容詞從句，它像形容詞一樣可以形容人、物及事件可以形容人、物及事件。關(guān)系從句可分為限定性關(guān)系從句（不帶逗號）和非限定性關(guān)系從句（帶逗號）。 表示人的關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，that，whose（口語中whom經(jīng)常由who代替） 表示事物和動物的關(guān)系代詞：which，that 關(guān)系代詞可以有四個概念 : 代人的, 做主語或賓語who，只做賓語的whom

25、 代物的, 做主語或賓語 which 代人的也可以代物的 做主語或賓語 that whose其代表的東西由其在句子中的成分決定(不一定指人) 關(guān)系代詞后面要加從句，先行詞放在定語從句前面, 而且是兩句話共同含有的詞, 還是被定語從句修飾的詞 I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 為先行詞 “that/which” 為關(guān)系代詞) 關(guān)系代詞有兩個功能 : 一是承上, 一是啟下(如上句中的 “book” 作從句的賓語) The boy who is standing at the door is my brother. I can do anythin

26、g that I can do. The boat whose name is. I have a house whose windows are broken. 關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系從句中作賓語時往往可以省略，作主語時則不可以。 The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father. whose 后面一定要加一個名詞, 然后這個部分共同做主語或賓語 The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother. The pilot whose

27、plane landed in a field was not hurt.He is the right person I am looking for. Chinese - English你去過那個很多小河的農(nóng)村嗎？你去過那個很多小河的農(nóng)村嗎？Have you been to the village which/that has a lot of rivers?你知道那個很聰明但很胖的男生嗎？你知道那個很聰明但很胖的男生嗎？Do you know the boy who is smart but fat?你看到那本放在桌子上的書了嗎？你看到那本放在桌子上的書了嗎？Did you see th

28、e book which/that was on the desk?他選擇了那輛最貴的車。他選擇了那輛最貴的車。He chose the car which/that was the most expensive.我仍記得我們一起的日子。我仍記得我們一起的日子。I still remember the days (which/that) we spent together.以下情況多用that (1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞 All the people that are present burst into tears. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2) 如果先行詞被the only, the very, the same,