英語寫作套路

1、英語寫作套路 英語寫作套路 英語寫作套路 一、作文的基本模式寫作框架： 第一段：thesis,supportingdetails點題，提出論點 過渡句topicsentence，中間段body：該句是中間段第二段、核心段的領(lǐng)頭句，是第一段過渡到中間段第二段的橋梁，是承上啟下的連接句，它直接關(guān)系到中間段的發(fā)展方向，因此，務(wù)必寫好它，做到簡單、巧妙、通暢，不拖泥帶水。 在核心段要注意各層次之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、連接。如果是同類思想，用moreover,inaddition,whats more等。如果狀況相反，則用however,nevertheless等。 結(jié)尾段conclusion：該段是全篇文章的總結(jié)

2、段，應(yīng)該緊扣開頭，回答問題或者表達出的觀點。 nopains,nogains (1)nearlyeverycivilizationhasitsownequivalenttotheproverb“nopainsnogains.itmeansthatnothingthatisreallyworthhavingcanbegainedwithoutpainstakingeffortsandthatnoknowledgeorskillcanbeacquiredwithoutsweatortoil. (3)youdonthavetolookveryfartoprovethetruthoftheprover

3、b.darwinsgreatdiscoverywasnottheworkofmomenteffortbutwasprecededbyyearsofpatient,arduousobservation. mozartwasnotanaccomplishedpianistattheageofeightastheresultofwatchingcountlesshoursoftv.nordidedisonmakehimselfthegreatestinventorintheworldbyspendinghissparetimeonegoingtopartiesandbars.hiswords“gen

4、iusis99percentperspirationandonepercent inspirationrevealthesecretofthousandsofsuccessfulmenandwomen.allaccomplishmentsandsuccesstheyachieved,withoutexception,comefromsustainedendeavor. (9)althoughitisanoldsayinganditsillustrationismainlyfoundinfamouspeople,nopainsnogainsalsohasitsprofoundandrealist

5、icsignificanceinourcollegestudies.tohaveagoodgradeinacourse,toacquireknowledgeinaparticularfield,ortoattainanyacademicgoalsrequiresgreatexertionandpersistenteffort. 第一句點題，自然貼切。第三句為過渡句，引出下文。中間段用了三個名人的故事，證實開頭所提的觀點，信手拈來，論證貼切，自然。用although句引出結(jié)尾段，總結(jié)全文，表達出的基本觀點。 二、作文布局與技巧 i開頭段如何寫：奇筆開篇開篇要新奇以吸引讀者的注意力，造成先聲奪人的

6、效 果；開宗明義使得觀點明確，主題清楚，贊成什么，反對什么，在文章的開頭把自己的觀點明確、清楚地亮出，可以使文章在開始就有了立足的根基；起承轉(zhuǎn)合起筆就要定好基調(diào)，定好如何展開下文；中間部分頭尾兼顧；結(jié)尾則應(yīng)呼應(yīng)開頭 以格言、引語開頭 time “timeandtidewaitfornoman.thisisaproverbwelearnedinhighschool.simpleasitis,it tellsaneverlastingtruthoflife.timeneverstopsforanyoneoranything,soallhavetosurrendertoitsquick-passin

7、gsteps.thepressingproblemthenis:howtomakegooduseofit?peoplemayhavedifferentattitudestoit. 以定義法開頭 hope whatishope?accordingtothegreekandromanmythology,hopeisthelastthingthatisleftin pandorasbox.itissomethingthatalwaysstayswithpen-pienomatterwhatkindofmisfortunehashappened,andencouragespeopletofightwi

8、ththemisfortuneuntilthelastmoment. anyonewhohassomeexperienceswillagreethatlifeishard. 以開宗明義、之抒胸臆的句子開頭 onbooks booksareofvariouskindsandhavedifferentcontents.wehavehistorybooksrecordingpast events,geographybooksdealingwiththeearth,mathematicsbooksfocusingonspaceandnumbers,languagebooksdealingwiththe

9、meansofcommunicationandliterarybooksreflectingsocialproblems.inaword,wehavevariousbookstacklingdifferentoccurrenceintheworld. then,whatisthefunctionofreading? 以數(shù)字開頭 populationofasmallislandstate fromthediagram,wecanseethatbetween1990and1950,thepopulationofthestateremaineda littlemorethan200,000.sinc

10、e1950ithasbeenincreasingrapidly.inthepastfourdecades,thepopulationhasgoneupoverthreetimes. thereareseveralreasonsfortheincrease.firstly 現(xiàn)象法開頭 advantagesanddisadvantagesofadvertisements nowadays,itisdifficulttofindapublicplacewithoutadvertisement.wereadadsinthepress,see themonthetelevision,andhearthe

11、movertheradio.evenwhenwewatchaballgame,adswillmeetoureye. itistruethatineconomicactivitiesadvertisementsareplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole. theytellpeopleaboutnewproductsandhelppromotesales.以扣人心弦的故事材料開頭 guncrimes mymindwentnumbwhenisawthegunpointingagainstthecarwindowsaspulledoutofthe garage:thisca

12、ntbehappeningtome.thenifeltthegun,cold,againstmyhead,andiheardmyfriendjeremysaying,“whatdoyouwant?takemywallet,butatthetimeithoughtofnothing. irememberbeingvaguelyannoyedwhenthegunmanpulledmefromthecarbythehair. 以引用語開頭 onceathief,alwaysathief? “becarefulofhim.maybehewillstealsomethingfromyou.hewason

13、ceathief.weoftenhear otherstalkingaboutsomebodylikethis.peopleoftendonotbelieveapersonwhohasoncebeenathief.butonehasoncebeenathief,oneisalwaysathief? somepeoplebelievethatonceapersonhascommittedsomekindofcrime,hewillneverbea respectableman.theythinkthatthefactapersononcehasbeenathiefshowthathewantst

14、obeathiefinhisdeepheart. 提出問題式開頭 hobbies whatdoyouthinkoftheroleofhobbiesinyourdailylife?doyouhaveanyhobbies?its well-knownthathobbiescanenrichoursparetime,moldourtemperamentandfreeusfromtheseverepressurederivingfromthecompetitionconcerningworkandstudyaswell. differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.some

15、peoplelikeactivehobbies,thatis,sportssuchasplayingfootballorbasketball,running,swimmingandskating.others 2.作文中間段核心段的寫作技巧核心段的結(jié)構(gòu)特征： sub-topicsentence該句為過渡句，責任重大，既要承上啟下，又要統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個第二段，務(wù)必寫好它。ideasandsupportdetails過渡好了以后該怎么辦？接下來的是最關(guān)鍵的部分，可以分兩點或三點來加以論述，提出一個idea,再找出supportdetails，然后再提出第二個idea,再用supportdetails來論證

16、它。有具體論證、舉例、對比、設(shè)問、演繹歸納、記敘、邏輯順序、時間順序等寫作方法。中間段的寫作要注意： 1意思的完整性2意思的統(tǒng)一性3意思的連貫性 3結(jié)尾段 結(jié)尾應(yīng)剛健有力、簡潔明快，不拖泥帶水。好的結(jié)尾一般有這么三個特點：簡潔有力，出人意料，寓意無窮。 具體方法論有：總結(jié)全文，卒章顯志直接總結(jié)全文，將的觀點或全文的中心思想在最后高度概括和盤托出，具有歸納性和總結(jié)性，首尾呼應(yīng)對開頭所講的觀點、看法，提出一個滿意的解決方案，終局點睛在文章的末尾用一兩句含義豐富的話點出全篇的主旨所在，或表達的某種感情和思想，提出建議、發(fā)出號召總結(jié)全文，也對將來提出展望 信號詞： 1總括過渡詞 asarule,asf

17、arasiamconcerned,asforme,economicallyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,inmyview,insomerespects,obviously,onalargerscale,onapersonallevel,practicallyspeaking 2同類過渡詞 bothand,equallyimportant,foronethingforanother,inasimilarway,inthesameway,likewise,namely,similarly,thatis,thesameas 3對比過渡詞 convers

18、ely,insharpcontrast,in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,ononehandontheotherhand,otherwise,ratherthan,unlike,but,whereas 4舉例過渡詞 acaseinpointisthat,asanillustration,forexample,forinstance,suchas,asantherexample,asstillanotherexample 5羅列過渡詞 firstofall,first,second,third,inthefirstplace,initially,tostartwith,fi

19、rstandforemost,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,whatsmore,finally 6原因過渡詞 byvirtueof借助，由于,dueto,considering,asaresultof,given,inviewof,onaccountof,onthegroundsthat,owingto,seeingthat 7讓步過渡詞 although,inspiteof,itistruebut,eventhough,ofcourse,certainly,admittedly,indeed,true 8轉(zhuǎn)折過渡詞 nevertheless,however,

20、onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,yet 9強調(diào)過渡詞 anyway,chiefly,evenworse,moreoftenthannot,mostimportantofall,needlesstosay,nodoubt,particularly,tobesure 10目的過渡詞withtheaimof,forthesakeof,withaviewto,forthepurposeof 11承接過渡詞 uponreceivingthenewsthat=assoonas,asamatteroffact,sotospeak,however,asitwere,dayafterd

21、ay,yearinandyearout 12條件過渡詞given,aslongas,providedthat 13結(jié)論過渡詞 allinall,accordingly,asaconsequence,asaresult,byandlarge,consequently,hence,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,itfollowsthat,onthataccount,onthewhole,therefore,thus,toconclude,tosumupinaword,withtheresultthat,insummary 擴大閱讀：英語寫作套路 寫作

22、套路 我們知道，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)掌控著文章的全局。作文的內(nèi)容固然重要，但它離不開結(jié)構(gòu)的襯托。沒有結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)容就猶如一盤散沙，令人無所適從。 以下的套路可以幫助初寫者理清思路，使文章不致于離題萬里。恰當使用這些套路的關(guān)鍵在于靈活運用而不是生搬硬套。一、myviewon題型 公說公有理，婆說婆有理，許多話題永遠爭論不休。寫作常考的就是這種題型。例如：“1、失敗是常有的事。2、人們對失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度。3、我對失敗的態(tài)度。“1、有人認為金錢是幸福之本sourceofhappiness。2、也有人認為金錢是萬惡之源rootofevil。3、我的看法。等等。下面三種套路可任選一個。 套路一： peoplesv

23、iews/ideas/opinionsonvaryfrompersontoperson.somepeoplethinkthattheyholdthisopinionbecausehowever,othersholdthat astome,iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice/personalinclination. first,whileitistruethat,itdoesntmeanthatbesides/ontheotherhand,admittedly,butthisisnotto

24、saythat therefore/inaword/fromthingsmentionedabove,套路二： differentpeoplemayhavedifferentviewsonitisheldthat 1butitisalsoheldthat thosewhoholdthefirstopinionincontrast,thosewhoholdthesecondview astome,iagreewiththelatteropinion.admittedly,.butthisisnottosaythat 套路三： whenaskedaboutatheme,differentpeopl

25、ewillofferdifferentopinionsisnoexception.somepeopletakeitforgranted/say/think/believethathowever,othersholdthat asfarasiamconcerned,iaminfavorofthefirst/secondview.thereasonsareasfollows. first,thereisanelementoftruththatbutitdoesntfollowthatacaseinpointisthattherefore,thefirstviewdoesntholdwater/ca

26、nnotbearmuchanalysis/cantstanduptocloseexamination. inconclusion二、advantageanddisadvantageof題型 事物總是一分為二的。寫作題目中有許多是涉及某一事物的正反兩方面。比如“運動的積極因素和消極因素，“雙休日的好處與負作用，“新的科技給社會帶來的好處與問題等等。凡涉及到利弊的題目時都可以用下面這個套路。 套路: nowadays,playsanimportantpart/roleinlikeeverythingelse,has/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.ge

27、nerally,the advantagecanbelistedasfollows. first,besides,mostimportantofall, buteverycoinhastwosides.thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.tobeginwith,tomakemattersworse/worstofall, throughaboveanalysis,ibelievethattheadvantages/positiveaspectsoutweighthedisadvantage/negativeones.therefore,三、howto題型 辦法人

28、人都有。你能把你想出的辦法一個一個地排列 清楚嗎？比如“怎樣才干實現(xiàn)綠化，“我是如何克服英語學(xué)習(xí)中的困難的，“我怎么為我理想的職業(yè)做準備等等，就可以用到下面這個套路。 套路: manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.firstofall,besides,/anotherwaytosolvetheproblemofisfinally, therearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.butitshouldb

29、enotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionsto四、aorb題型 人生面臨著許多抉擇。這在考試寫作中也反映了出來。例如“始終從事一種工作還是常常改換工作，“有選擇的讀書還是博覽群書等。碰到這種“兩者選一的題目，便可運用以下兩種套路中的一種。 套路一: whenwe/you,we/youface2thechoicebetweenaandb.beforemakingtherightchoice,we/youhadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem. firstofall,aalso,bsecond,alikewise,b

30、despitetheirsimilarities,aandbarealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.first,ahowever,bbesides,aonthecontrary,b therefore,itdependswhichwe/youshouldchoose.ifwe/you,we/youshouldchoosea;butifwe/you,we/youshouldturntob. 套路二: whenwe,itisinevitabletomeetthechoicebetweenaandb.weshouldberegardedasinconsiderat

31、eifwerushedourdecisionwithoutcomparingorcontrastingthem. first/firstofall/tobeginwith,bothaandbahowever,bbesides/moreover/inaddition/whatsmore,ahowever/incontrast/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand,finally,themoststrikingdifferenceisthatawhilebtherefore,itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicenow.ifwewewillchoo

32、sea;butifwewewillturntob.inaword,thekeyliesin 五、why題型 有因必有果，有果必有因。考試考原因的也很多。比如“為什么自行車在中國這么普及，“我為什么參加這份工作等等。要說明原因或理由，可用如下兩種套路的任何一種。 套路一: therearemanyreasons/causesfor,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.foronething,foranother,perhapstheprimereason/causeisthatfromtheforegoing,. 套路二: therearemany

33、factorsthatmayaccountfor/contributeto/responsibleforthereasonwhy,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.first,besides/furthermore/moreover/inaddition/whatsmore,mostimportantofall/aboveall, allinall/inconclusion, 如何寫好開頭和結(jié)尾 一、開頭萬能公式： 1開頭萬能公式一：名人名言 有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？，很好辦：編！ 原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括

34、我們欣賞的文章也是，所以無論編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理.經(jīng)典句型： thereisaproverbgoeslikethis/aproverbsays,“youareonlyyoungonce.適用于已記住的名言 itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.適用于自編名言更多經(jīng)典句型： 2.開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計 原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。 原則上在議論文當中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以無妨試用下面的句型： accordingtoarecentsurve

35、y,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation. 看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造： honesty 依據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。 travelbybike 依據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。 youth 依據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。five-dayworkweekbetterthansix-daywork

36、?依據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型： arecentstatisticsshowsthat二結(jié)尾萬能公式： 3 aseveryoneknows,noonecandenythat 1結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論 說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必定要有一個出色的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： obviously此為過渡短語,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefr

37、ompolitenessandrespectforothers. 如果讀者很難“顯而見之，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語： tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus 更多句型： thus,itcanbeconcludedthat,therefore,wecanfindthat2結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議 如果說“如此結(jié)論是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議應(yīng)該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。 obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem. 這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來常?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？更多句型： accordingly,irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken. consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken. 如何寫好主體段落 一、舉實例 4 思維短路，舉實例！提出一個觀點，舉實例！提出一個方案，舉實例！而且者也是我們顯示一個觀點最好的方式，任何狀況下，只要我們無法持續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，無論舉例子！ inorder