英語復(fù)合句初中PPT精選課件

1、英語復(fù)合句 句子的種類根據(jù)作用分A 陳述句：肯定陳述句，否定陳述句B 疑問句 一般疑問句 特殊疑問句 選擇疑問句 反意疑問句 C 祈使句D 感嘆句 what感嘆句 How感嘆句根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分簡單句并列句復(fù)合句 狀語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 定語從句 狀語從句 同位語從句 簡單的基本句型主語+連系動詞+表語Our classroom is big and brightI am a student2 主語+不及物動詞（謂語）I can swim3 主語+及物動詞（謂語）+賓語Tom wrote an article4主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語He showed his father his n

2、ew shoes主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足We should keep our classroom clean and 6 there be +主語+狀語There is a book on the desk 句子的成分基本的成分主語：動作的施出者，表示所說的是誰是什么The bird can fly He is my sister謂語：表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)（動詞）We worked togetherThey sang and ate at the party句子可能具有的成分直接賓語：表示動作的承受者（名詞，人名，代詞）He makes a fly。They clean the room

3、s。We build a bridge間接賓語：表示動作是針對誰作的，不是動作的承受者Pass me the salt, please Hell lend me good books to readThey helped me with my study。 She told me a story句中的me都是間接賓語賓語補足語；為表示意思的完整，僅有賓語遠不夠，還需有補足語加于補充The teacher encouraged students to express his ideaThe teacher proved himself worthy confidence表語：表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)

4、或表示主語是+（名詞）It is warm and brightThe flowers are red定語：用來修飾或限定名詞，表示其特征特性或其它情況He has a beautiful girl friendYour question is a difficult one狀語：表示動作，行為或事件發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的。方式，程度，因果等，The book is rather interestingI have lived here for a long timeThey arrived at hospital yesterdayShe comes here by train 并列句1.并

5、列關(guān)系并列句連詞有：and, not onlybut also, neithernor2.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并列句連詞有：but, yet, however3.選擇關(guān)系并列句連詞有：or., eitheror.4.因果關(guān)系并列句連詞有：for, so, therefore例句并列關(guān)系：I hope him and he help me轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：He tried open the door, but he couldnt 選擇關(guān)系：Either you are foolish or he is因果關(guān)系：the students are on holidays, therefore you can see

6、them today。 復(fù)合句 定語從句 同位語從句復(fù)合句： 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 狀語從句定語從句定語從句又稱關(guān)系從句：在主句中相當于一個定語，只不過這個定語是一個句子定語從句可以修飾一個名詞，代詞，或一個句子，被修飾的詞叫現(xiàn)行詞，從句在其后，由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞引出關(guān)系代詞有：that. Which, who, whom, whose等關(guān)系副詞有：when , where , whyThe man who wrote this book in famous scientist 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 (定語)The village where I was born has grown in

7、to a town(先行詞) 關(guān)系代詞 (定語)that 關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系限制性定語從句 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞主語 關(guān)系代詞賓語 關(guān)系代詞所有格代替人 who/that which/that whom/that which/that that whose=of whom代替物 whose=of which 代替人 和物 代替人代替物 代替人和物 非限制性定語從句代替人和物代替前一句話which whichwhosewhich關(guān)系副詞與先行詞的關(guān)系先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 在從句中作用時間名詞 when=at,on,in, 時間狀語 during / which地點名詞 where=in, at/wh

8、ich地點狀語只有reasonwhy=for which原因狀語例句說明（在定語從句中，關(guān)系詞在句中一 定要擔(dān)任成分） 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句John is the girl who/that was injured in the accident （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）He found the watch which/that he had lost （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）The man whom/that you saw just now is our manager 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）The hou

9、se which/that was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）Is there anyone whose name is wangli? 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 ( 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）The building whose roof we can see form here is （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語）She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，只能用that連接）

10、There is not an easy question that you think it to be （ 先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語，只能用that連接）注意的問題One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分詞的謂語有兩種形式先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Tom is one of those women, who like to play bridge當one之前有the only/right/very等修飾詞時，從句謂語根據(jù)one而定，用單復(fù)數(shù)形式He is the only one of the boys who likes to go to the th

11、eatre在口語中，在定語從句中起賓語作用的關(guān)系代詞省去Have you found the book (that) you want?當關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，只能用關(guān)系代詞whom,或which而不能用thatThe book from which(不能用that) I got a lot of useful information 先行詞 介詞 關(guān)系代詞was written by a famous scientist（關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞whichwhich在從句中作介詞在從句中作介詞fromfrom的賓語）的賓語）Tom is the boy with whom (不用不用that) yo

12、u were talk a moment ago 先行詞 介詞 關(guān)系代詞（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語）注：當介詞位于從句句末時，關(guān)系代詞仍可用that也可省去 上兩句可改為： The book that/which I got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous scientist Tom is the boy that/whom you were talking 1 with a moment ago當先行詞是當先行詞是all, everything, something, nothing, 或被或被first

13、, last, only, few, much, some, only, no以及形容詞最高級修飾時，只用以及形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that不用不用whichI am interested in all that you have told meHe asked for the best book that there was on math當并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人和物時，要用當并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人和物時，要用thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited （先

14、行詞） （關(guān)系代詞)（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語） 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的應(yīng)用1. I shall never forget the day when (on which) new china was founded 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時間的狀語）2. He came at a time when (at which) we were in need of help 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時間的狀語)3. The school where (in which )I work is not far from here 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 （

15、 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點狀語）4. Is this the place where (at which )that traffic accident happened? 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點狀語5.He didnt give the reason why (for which) he was absent yesterday. （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）6.The reason why (for which )he missed the bus was that he got up late 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語注意：

16、注意：在口語或非正式場合在口語或非正式場合,that可代替可代替介詞介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)或相當?shù)年P(guān)系副詞結(jié)構(gòu)或相當?shù)年P(guān)系副詞1.All the years that (for which/when) I was at school, was there never discussion about careers. （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時間的狀語）2.The reason that (why=for which) you were absent in excuse （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）3.The direction that (in

17、which) the car is driving can be changed （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）4.I dont like the way that (in which) he talks（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）有些固定的介詞有些固定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)無相應(yīng)關(guān)系副詞，要根據(jù)先行詞選用適當?shù)慕樵~結(jié)構(gòu)無相應(yīng)關(guān)系副詞，要根據(jù)先行詞選用適當?shù)慕樵~5.The speed at which the spaceship flies is very fast（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）6.Wattles and

18、 kilometers are the units in which electric power is measured（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語） 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which, who ,whose, where, when引出引出，而而從句的兩面都用逗號與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞從句的兩面都用逗號與主句隔開，關(guān)系代詞that不能引起非限制性定語不能引起非限制性定語從句從句名詞、代詞名詞、代詞+of+ which+ whom引起的定語從句表示部分與整體引起的定語從句表示部分與整體的關(guān)系的關(guān)系There

19、 are many forms of energy, each of which is useful for us非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句總是位于句末，用逗號與主句隔開非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句總是位于句末，用逗號與主句隔開He missed the train ,which annoyed him very much（先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）The sun heats the earth ,which makes it possible for plants to grow （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語）注：關(guān)系代詞注：關(guān)系代詞which有

20、時可以用來指代主句的一部分有時可以用來指代主句的一部分Tom can write a letter in Chinese , which Mary can not （先行詞） （關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)方式狀語）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 種類 意義 形式 功能 譯法 關(guān)系代副詞限制性限制性 起限制性起限制性 緊接緊接先行先行 修飾修飾 常譯為常譯為 關(guān)系代詞有時關(guān)系代詞有時定語從定語從 作用若省去，詞后，作用若省去，詞后， 先行詞先行詞 先行詞的先行詞的 可用可用that代替代替句句 原句意義不原句意義不 無逗號無逗號 定語定語 有時

21、也可省去有時也可省去 完整。完整。 非限制 起補充 有逗號 可修飾 常譯為 不可用that代替 性定語 說明作用 與主句 先行詞 “另一 ” 也不可省去從句 若省去原 隔開 也可修飾 并列分句 句意義不 整個主句 受影響試比較：試比較：July is the month when we have a lot of rain （先行詞（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）The meeting will be put off till next month ,when we will have made all the preparations （

22、先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)狀語）I want to buy the house which(=that) has a garden (先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）I want to buy the house, which(不等于不等于that) has a garden（先行詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞） （ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)主語）注：在定語從句中，同樣的先行詞，由于在從句中 擔(dān)任的作用不同，須選用不同的關(guān)系詞1.This is the place where I spent my childhoo

23、d （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)地點狀語）2.This is the place, which I visited last summer （先行詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）3.The reason which he gave was unacceptable （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)賓語）4.The reason why he did that was unacceptable （先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）

24、（先行詞）（關(guān)系代詞）（ 關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語）關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)原因狀語） As 的用法的用法as引導(dǎo)定語從句：引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)定語從句：引導(dǎo) 限定性定語從句限定性定語從句 引導(dǎo)非引導(dǎo)非限限定制性定語從句定制性定語從句As 限定性定語從句As引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句,主要用在suchas和和the sameas的結(jié)構(gòu)中可代替先行詞是人或物的名詞，在可代替先行詞是人或物的名詞，在the sameas結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中as也可用that代替Lets discuss only such questions as concern us(as:作主語)譯：讓我們只討論與我們有關(guān)的問題吧No one will bel

25、ieve such stories as he told (as作賓語) I have never seen such kind of people as they are (as作表語)This is the watch as (或that) I have lost (as作賓語)注：有時the same .as結(jié)構(gòu)中，as也可用作關(guān)系副詞 He works in the same shop as (that) I do (as作地點狀語) 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句As引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,代替整個主句,對其進行說明,其位置較靈活，可位于主句前，主句中，主句后，通常由逗號與其主句隔開He is

26、 an Englishman, as (=which) I know from his accent(as代替主句，在主句中作賓語)As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner(as代替主句，在從句中作主語)As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句， 意為“當。時”As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster(he was可省略,用法用when ,as, when, if引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，若其邏輯主語與主句主語相同，可省略)He san

27、g as he workedAs引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句， 意為“像.一樣”We must do as the teacher told usAs 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句， 意為“由于”As you are tired , you had better restAs引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”“盡管”Child as he is ,he can do it well=Although/though he is a child ,he can do it wellSmall as it was, the army had great fighting capacity=Though/although i

28、t was small, the army had great fighting capacityHard as (though) he studied ,he didnt pass the examination =Though/although he studied hard ,he didnt pass the examination 同位語從句同位語從句1.同位語從句用于表示名詞的內(nèi)容,對其加以解釋,能跟有同位語從句 的,通常是具有引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容的名詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，常見的有： fact, idea, news, hope, evidence, suggestion, order, p

29、roblemThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancerThe discovery that every heavenly body has gravity was made by Newton同位語從句通常由that引出，但隨著與其同位的名詞不同也可由 whether, when, where, how, what, why引出They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the workI have no

30、idea when he will return有時同位語從句不是緊跟名詞后，有時同位語從句不是緊跟名詞后，而是被其它詞隔開而是被其它詞隔開An idea occurred him that he might borrow the money from his father 發(fā)生 ，出現(xiàn)They heard the news on the radio yesterday that a typhoon was coming 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：同位語由連接詞引導(dǎo)。在從句中不擔(dān)任何成分， 定語從句的關(guān)系詞在從中擔(dān)任某個成分。The idea that one can do the

31、 work without thinking is wrong(同位語從句that在從句中不擔(dān)當任何成分)The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong(定語從句that在從句中擔(dān)任賓語) 主語從句名詞性的從句可作句子主語，這種從句稱為主語從句。主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常有who whom when where why what how which whose whether等，等，主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略，由從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略，由從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式式What I said is impor

32、tant to youHow to get there is still not decideWhether to do it or not is what we will discuss tomorrow是否做那件事是我們每天將要討論的事是否做那件事是我們每天將要討論的事說明：主語從句可以直接放在主語位置，也可用it作做形式主語1.That light travels in straight lines is known to all It is known to all that light travels in straight lines 眾所周知，光是以直線運行眾所周知，光是以直線運

33、行2.When the plane is to take off has not been announced It has not been announced when the plane is to take off 飛機什么時候起飛還沒有公布飛機什么時候起飛還沒有公布注注：A.當what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“東西”時。不用it作形式語What he wants is a bookB 如果帶主語從句的句子是疑問句，則必須用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task誰將被派出執(zhí)行這個任務(wù)決定了嗎？誰

34、將被派出執(zhí)行這個任務(wù)決定了嗎？C it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)已形成固定用法和譯法，作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)已形成固定用法和譯法， 通常有通常有4種情況種情況 1.It is +名詞+從句 2.It is a fact that. 事實是事實是. 3.It is a good news that., 是個好消息是個好消息 4.It is a question that. 是個問題是個問題 5.It is common knowledge that .是個常識是個常識1.It is +形容詞形容詞+從句從句2.It is necessary that有必要有必要3.It is clear tha

35、t. 很清楚很清楚4.It is (un) likely that 很可能很可能5.It is important that主要的是主要的是.1.It is +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句2.It is said that據(jù)說據(jù)說.3.It is reported that 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道.4.It has been proved that.已證明已證明 5.It must be pointed out that必須指出必須指出It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+從句從句It seems that.好像是好像是.It happened that.碰巧碰巧It follows that . 結(jié)果是結(jié)果是.

36、 強調(diào)句強調(diào)句強調(diào)謂語動詞時強調(diào)謂語動詞時,可在謂語動詞前加可在謂語動詞前加do, does, did, I do believe that he will attend the meetingHe did work hard yesterday強調(diào)句中強調(diào)謂語以外的是成分時強調(diào)句中強調(diào)謂語以外的是成分時,采用強調(diào)句型：采用強調(diào)句型：It is (was)+強調(diào)部分強調(diào)部分+that/who/whom說明：無論強調(diào)什么部分說明：無論強調(diào)什么部分,都要求用連接詞都要求用連接詞that 被強調(diào)部分是人被強調(diào)部分是人,也可用也可用who 當被強調(diào)部分是狀語當被強調(diào)部分是狀語,只能用只能用that,

37、不用不用when, where, how等等例：例： John bought a toy plane for his son yesterday1.It was John that (who) bought a toy plane for his son yesterday (強調(diào)主語強調(diào)主語)2.It was a toy plane that John bought for his son yesterday (強調(diào)賓語強調(diào)賓語)3.It was for his son that John brought a toy plane yesterday (強調(diào)目的狀語強調(diào)目的狀語)4.It wa

38、s yesterday that John bought a toy plane for his son (強調(diào)時間狀語強調(diào)時間狀語)強調(diào)表示時間的名詞或時間狀語時，還可用：強調(diào)表示時間的名詞或時間狀語時，還可用：1.It was not until that直到直到.才才.2.It was not until he got on the train that he realized he had lost his ticket表語從句表語從句表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語從句表語從句常用的連系動詞有常用的連系動詞有:be, seen, remain, loo

39、k等等My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately我的建議是這個計劃應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行我的建議是這個計劃應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行The question remains whether we should accept their invitation問題仍然是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請問題仍然是我們是否應(yīng)該接受他們的邀請It looks that (as if) it is going to rain看起來天要下雨看起來天要下雨 where why how引導(dǎo)的從句作this is或that is的表語時， 它們通常不含有疑問意義,而是

40、分別表示具體的地點， 原因.方式. 翻譯That is why we called off the meeting這就是我們?nèi)∠麜h的原因This is how we did it我們就用這種方式做的注:主語是reason的表語從句用that引導(dǎo),不要用becauseThe reason (why) he was late was that he missed the bus 賓語從句充當賓語的從句，叫賓語從句。賓語從句可作動詞賓語， 介詞賓語，和某些形容詞的賓語一.作動詞賓語Everybody knows that goods takes up the room(由連詞引導(dǎo))He wonde

41、red how the building were built(由連接副詞引導(dǎo))常跟連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動詞有：Admit agree answer believe command complain confess Decide demand deny doubt dream expect explain feel hearHope imagine intend insist know mean notice prefer order Propose reply report request require say see suggest suppose think urge (激勵

42、) wish understand常跟疑問代詞who whom疑問副詞when where why how whether if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動詞有：Advise ask discover discuss doubt find out imagine inquire(詢問詢問) know question show tell understand wonderA. tell/inform/remind/show/teach+間接賓語+賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu) He told me where he lived B. advise/ask/ assure/promise/question/warn等+間

43、接賓語+ 賓語從句+結(jié)構(gòu)中，間接賓語可省略 I promised (him) that I would give him more help 我對他的保證將給他更多的幫助作介詞賓語:This depends on how hard you work這取決于你的工作的如何努力Is there anything wrong in what I said?A. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句只限做介詞in except but beside 的賓語從句Men different from brutes in that they can speak and think人和獸類的區(qū)別在于他們有語言和思想The

44、meal was very good except that the fish was a bit too salty除了魚有點咸，這頓是、很好的I would have helped you but that I was so busy then若不是工作忙，我本來時幫助你的B “介詞+it+ that“結(jié)構(gòu)You may depend on it that they will support you你放心,他們會支持你的Ill see to it that everything is ready in time我將負責(zé)按時做好一切準備C 動詞+it+ that 結(jié)構(gòu)I take it th

45、at they will succeed我想他們會成功的The newspapers have it that firm is almost bankrupt據(jù)報道那家公司幾乎破產(chǎn)D be+形容詞+that 結(jié)構(gòu)類似形容詞有:sure certain afraid confident等They are confident that they can do the job I am not certain whether (if) the train will arrive on time我沒有把握火車是否轉(zhuǎn)時達到特別說明：特別說明：使用形式賓語it的問題如果賓語從句后跟有賓語從句，要用形式賓語

46、it來代替。再將從句放到補語的后面去He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed他說的很清楚,這個會議將不推遲I heard it said that this factory was founded in1901我聽說這家工廠是1901年創(chuàng)建的賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移在think believe suppose expect等動詞后跟的賓語中，如果從句謂語動詞是否定的一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞上而將從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问絀 dont think he has time to play chess with you

47、我沒想到他有時間和你下棋I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet我認為現(xiàn)在還未到（交通）高峰時間賓語從句的替代；在hope believe imagine suppose guess think等動詞以及Im afraid 等,表達法后用so代替一個賓語從句，指代上文提到的一件事Do you think we will have good weather?I hope so上述動詞否定形式（hope除外）如：I dont believe 或I believe not Hope只用I hop not/ I am afraid not上述動詞的肯定式。如:I h

48、ope so賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng): 賓語從句的時態(tài)是在主句的時態(tài)其礎(chǔ)上向前推進一個時態(tài). 如:主句為過去時,從句要用過去完成時,若從句表示的客觀真理或自然觀念,其謂語時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時.He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. 他說把傘忘在圖書館里了.The teacher told the students that the pacific ocean is the largest Ocean in the world.老師告訴學(xué)生,太平洋是世界上最大的海洋.插入疑問句.練習(xí)，就劃線部分提問，再理解1.I think that

49、John will arrive at 5 oclock When do you think John will arrive?2.They said that they had cleaned the classroom What did they say they had done?3.we believe that prefer will be given the prize Who do you believe will be given the prize?4.They expected that the teacher would criticize prefer Whom did

50、 they expect the teacher would criticize? 定語從句知識點總結(jié):Which, that引導(dǎo)定語從句在定語從句中,which/that在指代事物時可互換,但在下列情況下不可互換,只用which不用thatA 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時 如: This is the room in which we lived last yearB 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 Johns dog, which was now very old, because ill and diedC 表示繼續(xù)關(guān)系的非限制性定語從句中 （這種定語從句的先行詞不是一個詞，通常是整個句子， 定語從句與所修

51、飾的整個句子用逗號開如：Mr. Smith nodded several times and smiled, which rather surprised meHe saw the girl every day, which was very naturalMany has made rapid progress in her studies, which is known to us allD 當先行詞后面有插入語時如：Here is the English grammar book which as I have told you, will help improve your Engli

52、sh只用that不用whichA.先行詞為all much little everything anything nothing none the one 等先行詞 如:Is there anything that I can do for you? Thats all that I knowB.先行詞前有only any few little no all one of等修飾語時 如: You can take any seat that is free There is a little time that we can spare但 I was the only person in my

53、 office who was invited 這句中用who不用that.若用that有可能理解為office的定語從句 改用who, 必然理解為person的定語從句 先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或先行詞受序數(shù)詞修飾時如:This is the first composition that I have written in EnglishD.先行詞是最高級形容詞或先行詞受最高級形容詞修飾時如:This is the best film that has been shown this yearE.先行詞為聯(lián)系動詞be后面的表語時如:Its a book that will help you a lo

54、tF.主句以there be開頭時如:There is a seat in the corner that is still free 先行詞是數(shù)詞如:Yesterday I caught two fish, now you can see the two fish that are still alive in a basin of waterH.先行詞受same修飾時如：she is wearing the same dress that(=as) she wore at the meetingI have the same opinion that(=as) you have I.先行詞

55、同時含有人和物時如：Later we visited the school and the teacher that I had visited last year.先行詞為all anyone one ones指人時多用who不用thatAll who heard the news were amazedAnyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison凡拒絕鞠躬的人都被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄One who doesnt work hard will never be happy在以there be開頭的句子中多用who不用thatThere is a str

56、anger who wants to see you在非限制性定語從句中,需用who如:Abraham Lincoln, who was murdered at a theatre in washing D.C, died on April 15,1865在被分隔的的定語從句中需用whoA new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German 一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中的一個從句的關(guān)系代詞是who另一個是thatThe student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor t

57、hat is very modesty(謙虛) and studies very hard若先行詞接兩個以上的并列的定語從句后一個定語從句須重復(fù)前一個關(guān)系代詞，以免產(chǎn)生誤解如:There is a teacher who present the material in the most interesting way and who enjoys what he teaches只用that不用who若先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級the last, same 或only修飾時，多用that, 如：The first person that I visited there was Mr. Gre

58、en He is the last man that I want to see He is the finest work mate that I have ever worked with She is the same teacher that was praised the other day She is the only person that understands me當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句須用that,以免與先行詞重復(fù)如：Who that has common sense will do such a thing? 凡是有常識的人會做出這種事

59、來嗎？ Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 我們當中懂得一些物理的人誰不知這個呢？ Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在大門口的那個人是誰？若先行詞兼人或物時須用that如：He talked about the teacher and schools that he had visited若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語須用that如:He is not the man that he used to beWhose, of who

60、m, of which的區(qū)別Whose可指人也可指物Of whom只指人Of which只指物如：This is the boy whose house caught fire last week (whose指人) The table whose legs were broken has been repaired (whose指物) I want to talk to the students the homework of whom hasnt been handed in (of whom指人)That is our room ,the windows of which face th