英漢句式對比與翻譯

1、會計學(xué)1英漢句式對比與翻譯英漢句式對比與翻譯One Quotation：學(xué)者范仲英說過：學(xué)者范仲英說過：“一般來說，英語長句較多，而且一般來說，英語長句較多，而且結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，往往從句里含有從句，短語中又有短結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，往往從句里含有從句，短語中又有短語。宛如一棵大樹，有樹干，有樹杈，有樹枝。語。宛如一棵大樹，有樹干，有樹杈，有樹枝。”“漢語句子一般簡潔明快，很少長句。恰似一根春竹漢語句子一般簡潔明快，很少長句。恰似一根春竹，一節(jié)之后又生一節(jié)，中間掐斷無傷大雅。，一節(jié)之后又生一節(jié)，中間掐斷無傷大雅?！盉ranches and sub-branches : Adverbials and att

2、ributesTrunk line: S + V + (O)n城。n六月二十九日晚上，我們在得班登陸，那一天我終身難忘。n他總是對自己所講的笑話發(fā)出長時間的、響亮的笑聲，這個習(xí)慣別人都感到討厭。有一天，木匠開車接我們?nèi)ニ?，路上所談，盡是木匠的事，深得其樂明珠廣播電視塔n我用這把刀切肉。這把刀我用來切肉。切肉我用這把刀。 the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl prett

3、y and clever a girl who is pretty and clever 短語短語:志同道合，友誼才會持久。Friendship will last only if it is based on a common goal.Only if friendship is based on a common goal, it will last.天下雨，運動會延期了。The sports meet was postponed because of rain.Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed.句子句子: 我們漫步街頭，在中央大

4、道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。 We saw many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue. 我們看到很多住人的跡象，當(dāng)漫步街頭走過一個很大的棚戶集中地，離中央大道不遠。 我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。 我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。 We saw

5、 many signs of occupation while strolling along a street past a major concentration of the huts not far away from the Central Avenue.注意漢語句子的時間空間順序. 漢語（制竹）漢語（制竹） （語序相對固定）（語序相對固定）英語英語（積木）（積木）（語序相對靈活）（語序相對靈活）nor（我。，這時我看見。）n一般來說，狀語從句首選放前，有時候后置也可以接受。就十分不便，寫漢語的人會有后顧之憂。n翻譯時只能另辟蹊徑，譯成各種不同類型的狀語從句或索性寫成兩個句子。n后面

6、將有專門講解。n沖破句子的極限來觀察語言，看到話語結(jié)構(gòu)這個層次上英漢語言的差異是譯者不應(yīng)忽視的。n只要放開眼界，把比句子大的語言單位看作一個一個的整體，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些較大的語言單位的結(jié)構(gòu)也是受各自文化的制約的。n翻譯中是否可以將一段中的最后一句放到最前面，或?qū)讉€句子的次序顛倒等，這些就涉及到語段篇章的安排，即漢語寫作中常說的“謀篇布局”。n一般還是照原文的謀篇布局在翻譯，小有變動，如是編輯翻譯，那是另一回事兒了。是英漢兩種語言在書寫姓名地址時的差異。英語是從小到大，漢語則從大到小。翻譯時如何排列葉值得探討。n（但這些差異對翻譯的意義并不太大）對這一套說法很不習(xí)慣，因此，雖然會寫一個一個的英語句

7、子，但是英語的謀篇布局卻得從頭學(xué)起。n翻譯中是否保留原文的布局特征，也值得探討。n例子：鳳凰衛(wèi)視宣傳詞的翻譯：客戶實現(xiàn)廣告效益的最大化。the best possible results for our clienteles. Of what contributes to where we are today, the empowering multi-dimensional media network we have to offer means that our business partners can build up public recognition amid festive o

8、bservances, we can make real-time press release possible as events unfold, live broadcasts can be made available to off-site audience and district-based events can be rebroadcast citywide.里！”沒想到翻譯竟直譯成：“Where! Where！”一時外賓丈二和尚摸不著頭腦，幸虧他頭腦反應(yīng)快，隨口答道：“Everywhere!”nEg.2+ “哪里”連起說就是自謙，這是一般中國人都知道的，也常用。但初通漢語的外國

9、人W先生不理解。一次W先生參加一對年輕華僑的婚禮，他很有禮貌地贊美新娘漂亮。一旁的新郎立即代表新娘表示感謝，“哪里哪里”。W先生覺得挺不好意思的，以為未說到地方，便用生硬的中國話再說“頭發(fā)、眉毛、眼睛、耳朵、鼻子、嘴都很漂亮！”介紹姓名，“頭銜”后面追加補充說明，一大串的情況很少出現(xiàn)。英美人對自我介紹習(xí)以為常，經(jīng)常來個 May I introduce myself ? Im- Hello . My name is -。對方也就立即報出姓名。即使在填寫表格、面試等場合需問及姓名時一般也用 May I know your name ? 或 Your name , please ? 。一般不用 Wh

10、at s your name ? 那樣的話，他們覺得像是被審問。的來個 Good morning /afternoon / evening 或morning 或直接用 Hello /Hi 就行了?；蛞哉?wù)撎鞖鈦泶蜷_話題。neg6.道謝在中國，很熟悉的人之間、親人間是極少說“謝謝”的，說了倒覺得生疏。而英美人卻經(jīng)常說 Thank you . 。即使親人，朋友，熟悉的人也不例外。西方人你我分得一清二楚，一丁點的小事，若覺得負了你，也來個Thank you .n5/ 我讀到此處，在晶瑩的淚光中，又看見那肥胖的，青布棉袍，黑布馬褂的背影。唉！我不知何時再能與他相見！n6/ 我看見他戴著黑布小帽，穿著黑

11、布大馬褂，深青色布棉袍，蹣跚地走到鐵道邊，慢慢探身下去，尚不大難。可是他穿過鐵道，要爬上那邊月臺，就不容易了。n7/ 過鐵道時，他先將橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。n8/ 這時我看見他的背影，我的淚很快地流下來了。我趕緊拭干了淚，怕他看見，也怕別人看見。n9/ 近幾年來父親和我都是東奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying across the Yangtse River to Pu

12、kou the next morning and thence taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day. （42個單詞 張培基譯, ） A friend kept me in Nanjing for a day to see sights, and the next morning I was to cross the Yangtze to Pukou to take the afternoon train to the north.（32個單詞,楊憲益和戴乃迭 譯)We entered the railway s

13、tation after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. (張)We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage. (楊)To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The discouraging state of

14、affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry. (張)No one could have foreseen such a comedown in his old age! The thought of this naturally depressed him, and as he h

15、ad to vent his irritation somehow, he often lost his temper over trifles. (楊)before I depart this life.”(張)him again! (張)clambering up the other side. (楊)In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. (張)He put these on the platform before climbing slowly down to cross the lines, which he did after picking the fruit up. (楊)In recent years, both