玉米脫粒機(jī)的譯文英語(yǔ)

1、 Design and Experiment of 4YQZ-3A Combine Harvester for CornZhang Xirui Dong Youfu Zhang Daolin(School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering Hainan University Danzhou, China zhangxirui_999)AbstractDue to the problem of the low retrieving rate of straw while harvesting, fodder went sort in stock rai

2、sing and to overcome the practical problem of corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike while in operation, 4YQZ-3A combine harvester was designed, analyzed and the parameters of key components were pointed out for better gripping delivery mechanism, vertical picking and chopping cutter, heli

3、cinae and throwing apparatus.During the corn harvesting season, numerous performance testing and the production assessment were carried out in the field. Results achieved from the experiment indicate that the whole machine has better performance and can accomplish reaping both corn stalk and spike w

4、ell.Keywords- corn harvester; picking and threshing harvester; design; EroductionCorn is China's second-largest food crop, occupies an important position in food production1. Maize straw contains a lot of crude protein, crude fat and fiber nutrient component, etc. Thus it is one of

5、 the most perfect forage of high quality in animal husbandry.The national annual production of corn straw is about 60,000 tons, which is a huge potential forage source 4.Corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike can complete the harvest of corn ear and stalks within one time, so it has signif

6、icant economic, social and eco- system efficiency 5-6. At present, corn harvester reaping both corn stalk and spike still develops very slow, and the domestic model mainly are hanging type. Because of underpowered, low production efficiency and straw cleanness, it has not been rapidly promoted 7-8.F

7、oreign models are mainly Ukrainian KCKY-6 Corn harvest machine and Corn Star series united harvest machine developed by Kempe Co. in German, due to untidy stubble height and higher price, this type of air-craft is not suitable for China's national conditions 9-11.Foundation item: Public benefici

8、al(agriculture)Science research fund issue(200903059-04)On the basis of the "tenth-five" national research tackle key problems in science and technology research, in this article 4YQZ-3A combine harvester was designed, which combines existing corn harvest and corn silage mechanization tech

9、nique and improves the design and optimizes the combination for each working device. During the of harvest corn ear, the 4YQZ-3A combine harvester can also complete cutting, conveying, chopping collection and root crop broken tasks and so on; With the popularization and appli-cation of this techniqu

10、e , we can solve the problem of corn straw recovery and reduce the waste of straw resources and improve the environment and soil pollution caused by straw burning. There into, the straw recovery can provide high quality feed for livestock and reduce the excessive dependence on pasture, so this techn

11、ique has important practical significance to our country's increasingly developing animal husbandry and related industries.2. Overall Institutions and Main Technical Indicators2.1. Whole Structure and Work PrincipleAs shown in figure 1, 4YQZ-3A combine harvester for corn is mainly made up of gri

12、pping delivery mechanism, spike picking device, stem shredding mechanism, cast cylinder, spike collecting box, stem crushing box, counters-field device and helicinae and delivery apparatus of stalks, etc. This machine can once completed the picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, s

13、talks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collection and root crop crushing of corn grain. While the machinesk is operating, nearside divider subdivided maize plants, reciprocating cutter cut the plants, clamping chain clamps maize plants of which root is sundered and then convey them to vert

14、ical spike-picking roller to pick off the ear, the corn ear are conveyed to the spike collecting box by the delivery mechanism; Stalks are chopped by vertical hob behind the stem pulling roller , and then are casted by casting device to stem crushing box; and corn root are broken by counters-field d

15、evice.2.2. Technology Index of the MachineAccording to the requirements of the chopping and ensiling craft of the corn stalks and the function characteristics of the prototype requirements, The main technical parameters are determined as is shown in Table 1.Table 1. The main technical parameters of

16、4YQZ-3A combine harvesterParametersNumerical valueParametersNumerical valueBoundary dimension (length×width×height)/mm7100×2500×3600Minimum groundclearance/mm210Entire machine weight/kg5090Revolving speed of spike Picking roller/rmin-11080Mating Power/kW88.2Revolving speed of Sta

17、lkschopping machine/rmin-12100Number of Harvest rows/row3Forward speed of the havester/kmh-11.33.5Adapted line spacing/mm500800Theoretical productivity/hm2h-10.638Figure 1.4YQZ - 3 of maize united harvest machine structure schematic drawing3. Main Working Parts Design3.1 Gripping Delivery MechanismA

18、s figure 2 shows, gripping delivery mechanism are mainly made of positivefeeding chain, passive sprocket, tension device, clamping board, conveying chain and drive sprocket,etc. When the machine are working, milpa are devided and lifted up by nearsidedivider, and then drive sprocket are driven by pa

19、ssive sprocket and force feeding chain to run, so as to turn milpa to gripping delivery chains, In the meanwhile, cutterbar cut off the maize plants, the broken plants conveying chain and conveying dial gripping under the common function of bluegrass chain conveyor back into pick spike roller; Tensi

20、on device is used to adjust the tensioner degree of the conveyor chain so as to make the clamping stalks of clamping conveying chain more stable and reliable.3.1.1. Positivefeed ChainPositivefeed chain is located below the nearsidedivider ,dedicated to cooperating with it to force-feed the corn plan

21、ts with different Line spacing. The selection of the speed of positivefeeding chain have a great effect on plants clamping transmission. Excessive speed will make plants clamping feeding within the same lines, causing the phenomenon such as stem being cut off or jamed occur; however, the low speed m

22、ay make the function of Feeding chain disapper.Figure 2. Shetch of gripping delivery mechanism1.positivefeeding chain 2. Passive sprocket 3. Tensioningdevise 4. Gripping board 5. Conveyor chainTheoretically, the speed of the positivefeeding chain, the level points speed should be equal to , ,the mar

23、ching speed of the machine , but in actual work process, the influence factors of the speed of positivefeeding chain include: m v_ , thefront rake of positivefeeding chain, _ , aperture has forcedfeeding speed chain of Angle, before, and conditions, etc.In order not to make the machine push down the

24、 stem when it ismarching, the level points speed of the positivefeeding chain should be greater than ,the marching speed of the machine.Figure 3. Velocity decomposition of conveying chain3.1.2 Gripping Delivery ChainWhile Gripping conveying chain is working, it is necessaryto ensure that the cutted

25、plants are transported to spike pickingroller timely and reliable, and maintained a certain distance between the transported plants, to make spike picking roller load evenly.During Work, select maize plants to make velocity analysis in dot o in gripping chain, just as fig. 3shows.w v , its absolute

26、velocity is induced as follows: (1) (2)Where: the speed of gripping chain ;And by: (3)By type (2) and (3) we know that: (4)Known by Type (4) ,While ,the absolute velocity,point in the direction of clamping chain (bacward) and make Angle with horizontal line; While, Absolute speed and stalks will mov

27、e forward a certain angle, which will go against conveying the corn plants smoothly. Combined with the performance testing of gripping conveying in the field , when the size of belongs to 10°20°，this is the best situation.3.2 Vertical Picking and Chopping CutterVertical picking and choppin

28、g cutter is a critical component of picking both spike and stem , as shown In figure 4 , this device is mainlymade up of a Vertical spike picking roller, fixed knife, moving knife, Chopping cylinder.etc.Figure 4. Vertical picking and chopping cutter1.Vertical spike picking roller 2.Vertical stem pul

29、ling roller3.Moving blade 4.The fixed knife 5.Chopping cylinder3.2.1 The Scheme of Power DriveThe Scheme of Power Drive of Vertical picking and chopping cutter is shown in figure 5 .When it works, power driven by engine slow down to the input axis of chopped gearbox through the pulleys and double sp

30、rocket , the power drive shredding mechanism to run through a set of bevel gear; left behind the chop gearbox there are a group of driving chain (chainwheel of middle size and large size) transmit the power to spike picking chopped gearbox and then divide the power to stem pulling roller ear the bev

31、el gear of the speed changing box; Above the stem pulling roller and spike picking are a group of driving chains, the power is transmitted from stem pulling roller to spike picking roller to pick the spikes. In The input axis of the spike picking gearbox lies the small chainwheel and pulley,it funct

32、ions as transmitting the power to cluster transportation reciprocating type cutter.3.2.2 Vertical Spike Picking RollerVertical spike picking is completed while corn ear are drooping, compared to the average Horizontal spike picking, the picked cluster can quickly break away from spike picking roller

33、, greatly reduce the breakage rate and the loss rate of grain. In order to strengthen the ability stem pulling and spike picking, behind the spike picking roller are in pairs stem pulling roller , can pull stem while stalks, force feeding the stalks to hobbing cutter to chop,make the conveying of st

34、alks unobstructed and not jam between the spike picking roller and hobbing cutter. The plane lies in the two Axis of vertical spike picking device and its vertical plane forerake the degree of 25°􀌚35°, maize plants enter into verticalspike picking roller pick spike through grippin

35、gconveying feeding device by gripping. Plant in arc block under the effect of arc-shaped bluegrass board with picking spike into 50 ° roller line 70 ° Angle. Due to the ascension of spike picking roller, between the plants of which spike are picked and spike picking roller there exist a ve

36、rtical Angle and the plants are transported backward to chopping cylinder to chop.Figure 5. sketch of power drive1.Pulley 2.Big sprocket 3.Small sprocket 4.Spike picking gearbox5.Chopping gearbox 6.Double sprocket 7.Middle sprocketAfter plenty of indoor performance test, this design determines the d

37、iameter of vertical spike picking roller as 84mm,the speed of the spike picking roller is 1080r/min.3.2.3 Chopping Cylinder(1) the determination of the feeding entrance widthThe productivity of the stalks chopping are calculated by the following type : (5)Where: Q Productivity of the design, the val

38、ue is 30000kg/h;KcFill factor of the feeding stalks, the value is 0.6; lChopping length, the values is 25mm;The numberof moving blade, and design the value for four pieces;Speed of mainshaft, and design the value for 2100r/min;YcUnit weight of stalks after campaction, and design the value for400 kg/

39、m3;b The feeding entrance length, design the value for 510mm.Substitue the above data into the above type,we obtained: a = 1.96 mm , in this design we select a = 20mm.(2) The determination of the chopping cylinderThe chopping cylinder diameter are obtained by the following type: (6) (7)Where: Dthe c

40、hopping cylinder diameter;vLinear velocity in the two endpoint of the blade line of the moving bladeMoving blade line two endpoints, design value for linear 25m/s; The chopping cylinder speed, the design value is 2100r/min.Substitue the above data into the above type we obtained that the chopping cy

41、linder diamete is 227mm, in this design we select chopping cylinder diameter for 680 mm.3.3. Helicinae and Throwing ApparatusAs Figure 6 shows, helicinae and throwing apparatus is mainly comprised of auger conveyor, throwing impeller and throwing canister, etc. And the auger conveyor is mainly made

42、up of plummer block, augering trough, augering axle, augering blade and augering axle pulleys, etc.Basic Dimensions for Auger ConveyorAuger conveyor pass through the bottom of the driving cab,according to operating requirements ,make augering trough L= 720mm augering axis diameter d = 60mm , augerin

43、g blade diameter r = 270mm, Screw torque S = 250mmFigure 6. Sketch of helicinae and throwing apparatus1. Plummer block 2. Augering trough 3.Augering axle 4. Augering blade 5. Impeller seaming 6.Impeller shaft4. Feld Experiment and Analysis of the Results4.1 Test ConditionWe chose click on ChangYi fa

44、rm, WeiFang city, ShanDong province as the Test site .The Plots are a no-till seeding Corn land in one year two ripe area. The row spacing are 275mm, line spacing are 650 mm, the corn plant height are2520mm and the stem diameter is 25 mm, the lowest height for ear are 920mm, bending rate is 2.6%, pl

45、ant lodging rate is less than 2%, cluster prolapse rate is 2%, maize yield rate is 5912kg / hm2, moisture content of the stalks is 75%.4.2 Test MethodAccording to the quality inspection index of the harvest quality of corn combine established by the master station of farm machinery test of Ministry

46、of Agriculture, performance test content of harvest quality includes the forward speed of the machine, kernel lossing rate, cluster lossing rate, kernel crushing ratio, working productivity, etc. the main inspection factors are the test program of corn harvest machine and the test items and test met

47、hod of corn harvest machine 14-15.4.3 Test Results and AnalysisDuring the test process ,the prototype operates smoothly, safely and reliably, the working parts can effectively completed picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, stalks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collec

48、tion and root crop crushing of corn grain. The stubble height of corn straw are tidy; Gripping conveying works smoothly, and reliably; The length of the stalks are tidy even after they are chopped, and can satisfy the tidy and the requirements of Silage process. The main operation performance index

49、of the Prototype are shown. which can meet the design requirements.5 Conclusions(1) On the basis of a large number of testing ,we optimized 4YQZ - 3A Combine Harvester for Corn, and solved the adaptability of different line spacing range from 500mm to 800mm , finally have improved the reliability of

50、 the stem gripping delivery mechanism.(2) Developed the applicable corn harvest machine chassis and serializationed and modularized vertical spike picking shredding mechanism, Chopped stalks are casted by helicinae and throwing apparatus, the structure is simple and it operate smoothly, safely and r

51、eliablely.(3)This machine can once completed picking, rising and transportation, setting into the box, stalks cutting, conveying, chopping, throwing and collection and root crop crushing of corn grain. Field test shows that the economic technology indexes of this machine reaches relevant national st

52、andards, and also provides applicable new aircraft thefor the recycling of stalks, the development of animal husbandry and increase of peasants income . 4YQZ-3A玉米聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)驗(yàn)張茜茹 董有福 張道林（海南島大學(xué)機(jī)械電子工程學(xué)院 海南省 儋州 zhangxirui_999）摘要-由于秸稈在收貨時(shí)低的利用率問(wèn)題，飼料是畜牧業(yè)和玉米收獲機(jī)收獲玉米稈和穗在操作時(shí)要克服的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，4YQZ3A聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，分析和更好的夾持輸送機(jī)構(gòu)，

53、垂直采摘和砧板刀具，蝸桿和投擲設(shè)備。在玉米收獲季節(jié)，大量的性能測(cè)試，并在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了生產(chǎn)評(píng)估，指出了關(guān)鍵部件的參數(shù)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)取得的成果表明，整機(jī)具有更好的性能，并能完成收割玉米稈和穗。關(guān)鍵詞- 玉米收獲機(jī)；采摘和脫粒收割機(jī)；設(shè)計(jì)；實(shí)驗(yàn)1 介紹玉米是我國(guó)第二大糧食作物，占據(jù)著重要的在糧食生產(chǎn)中的地位1。玉米秸稈包含大量的粗蛋白，粗脂肪，纖維的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，等，因此，它是一種高品質(zhì)的最完美的牧草動(dòng)物畜牧業(yè)，全國(guó)每年生產(chǎn)的玉米秸稈約60000噸，這是一個(gè)潛力巨大的飼草源4。玉米收割機(jī)收獲玉米稈和穗在玉米果穗和秸稈收獲的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，所以它具有顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的效率5-6。目前，玉米收獲機(jī)收獲玉米秸

54、稈和脫粒發(fā)展很慢，國(guó)內(nèi)模型主要是懸掛式。由于動(dòng)力不足，產(chǎn)量低效率以及稻草清潔，但一直迅速晉升7-8。國(guó)外機(jī)型主要是烏克蘭KCKY星系列玉米收獲機(jī)和玉米團(tuán)結(jié)收獲機(jī)械發(fā)展肯普公司在德國(guó)，由于凌亂的留茬高度和更高的價(jià)格，這種類(lèi)型的空氣工藝不適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的9-11?；痦?xiàng)目：公益性（農(nóng)業(yè)）科學(xué)研究基金發(fā)行（200903059-04）在此基礎(chǔ)上的“十五”國(guó)家科技攻關(guān)滑車(chē)在科學(xué)技術(shù)研究，在這篇文章中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題4YQZ-3A聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，它結(jié)合了現(xiàn)有的玉米收獲和青貯玉米機(jī)械化技術(shù)和改進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化的組合各工作裝置。在收獲玉米耳的3A4YQZ的聯(lián)合收割機(jī)也可以完成切割，輸送，切碎收集和塊根作物破任務(wù)和的普

55、及和應(yīng)用陽(yáng)離子等;這種技術(shù)，我們就可以解決問(wèn)題的玉米秸稈回收和減少秸稈資源的浪費(fèi)，并提高秸稈焚燒造成的環(huán)境和土壤污染。其中，秸稈回收，可以提供高品質(zhì)的牲畜飼料，減少過(guò)度依賴(lài)牧場(chǎng)，所以這種技術(shù)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義我國(guó)的日益發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)及相關(guān)行業(yè)。2 總體機(jī)構(gòu)和主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)2.1 整體結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 在圖1中所示，4YQZ-3A玉米聯(lián)合收割機(jī)主要由夾持傳送機(jī)制，穗采摘裝置，干碎紙機(jī)制的，鑄鐵缸，收集箱，干粉碎箱，柜臺(tái)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備和蝸桿和運(yùn)輸裝置的秸稈等，這機(jī)可一次完成的上升和運(yùn)輸，采摘，設(shè)置入禁區(qū)，秸稈切割，輸送，切碎，投擲收集和塊根作物玉米破碎糧食。雖然機(jī)械操作，細(xì)分面玉米植株，往復(fù)切割機(jī)切割植物，夾緊

56、鏈夾玉米植株根自拔然后傳達(dá)給垂直穗采摘輥摘下耳，玉米果穗被輸送到穗收集箱傳遞機(jī)制;秸稈剁成垂直滾刀拉莖輥背后，和鑄造鑄造設(shè)備干粉碎箱;玉米根系被破壞計(jì)數(shù)器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備。2.2 機(jī)器的技術(shù)指標(biāo)根據(jù)斬波的要求和青貯玉米秸稈的工藝和功能特點(diǎn)原型的要求，主要技術(shù)參數(shù)確定為表1。表1 主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的4YQZ-3A結(jié)合收割機(jī)參數(shù)數(shù)值參數(shù)數(shù)值估值外形尺寸（長(zhǎng)×寬×高度）/米7100×2500×3600最小離地高/米210整個(gè)機(jī)器重量/公斤5090轉(zhuǎn)速穗采摘輥/ R·min-11080交配電源/千瓦88.2秸稈采摘/Rmin-12100數(shù)量收成行/行3前進(jìn)速度在收獲/平方公里H-11.33.5改編間距/米500800理論生產(chǎn)力/萬(wàn)hm2H-10.638圖1 4YQZ-3玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖3 主要工作部件的設(shè)計(jì)3.1夾持交貨機(jī)制如圖2所示，把持傳送機(jī)制主要是制成連鎖垂直進(jìn)給，被動(dòng)鏈輪，張緊裝置，夾緊板，輸送鏈條和鏈輪，等等 當(dāng)機(jī)器正在，米邦塔分離的和臺(tái)起相近分離的，然后帶動(dòng)鏈輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的被動(dòng)鏈輪和強(qiáng)制喂料鏈運(yùn)行，因此作為轉(zhuǎn)米邦塔把持傳送鏈，在此期間，切割機(jī)切斷的玉米植株，破碎的植物輸送鏈條和下夾持輸送撥號(hào)常用功能蘭草鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)放