當(dāng)代美國校園英語

1、當(dāng)代美國校園英語 日常生活 1. wake up,joe 喬，快醒醒 a: wake up, joe. it's seven o'clock. if you're going to work you'll have to get up now. hey, joe. wake up. b: mmmmmmmm. a: joe. get up. b: is it seven o'clock already? a: yes. it's seven. b: well, wake me up in twenty minutes. i decided to c

2、atch the late bus. a: uh, uh.you told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time. so, get up. b: okay, okay, stop yelling. i'm up. notes: wake up 醒來 argue sb. out of：dissuade, or persuade someone not to do something 課文中的you told me last night not to let you argue me out

3、of getting you up on time 的意思是：昨晚你還告知我。不要讓你任性，務(wù)必叫你按時起床。 stop yelling 別嚷嚷了（美國青年常用語） 譯文： a：喬,快醒醒。七點(diǎn)鐘了。假如你要上班,現(xiàn)在該起床了。喂,喬,醒醒。 b：嗯 a：喬，快起床。 b：真是七點(diǎn)了嗎？ a：是七點(diǎn)了。 b：好吧，過二非常鐘再叫醒我，我打算搭晚一班的公共汽車。 a：啊 昨天晚上你還告知我，不要讓你任性,務(wù)必叫你按時起床。所以，起來吧。 b：好吧，好吧，別嚷嚷了。我起床。 2. getting cleaned up 弄潔凈 a: hey, bob. i can't find my ele

4、ctric shaver. b: im sorry. i used it and i guess i put it on the top shelf with my stuff. a: yeah，here it is. you might at least clean it up when you use it. the blade's dirty and i still can't find the cord b: stop complaining and start shaving. breakfastll be ready in about five minutes an

5、d you won't. your eggs are already beginning to burn. what kind of juice do you want? a: do we have a choice? b: sure. tomato or v8. a: well you know how i feel about tomato. surprise me. notes: electric shaver 電動剃須刀 cord (電動剃須刀的)插頭電線 do we have a choice? 我們可以任意選擇嗎？ v8 美國一種罐裝蔬菜果汁的牌名(在超級市場均有售) 譯文

6、： a：喂，鮑勃，我怎么找不到我的電動剃須刀？ 日常生活 b：愧疚，我用過了。我想是把它和我的東西一起放到壁櫥上面的擱板上了。 a：嗯，在這里。 你用過以后至少應(yīng)當(dāng)把它弄潔凈。刀片很臟，電線也還沒有找到。 b：別埋怨了, 快刮胡子吧。大約還有五分鐘早飯就好了, 要不你就來不及吃早飯了。你的雞蛋已經(jīng)燒焦了。你想吃什么果汁? a：有選擇余地嗎？ b：是的，有番茄汁和v8。 a：嗯，你知道我對番茄汁的態(tài)度。 真使我意外！ 3. breakfast 早餐 a: okay, bob. i'm ready for beak-fast. where's the coffee? b: it&#

7、39;s in that pan there. jean broke the silex last week, so i'm still boiling it. a: it tastes like crankcase oil, but delicious. b: that's good. you can always make breakfast yourself if you don't like it. a: what is there besides coffee? b: i warmed a couple of snails, and your eggs are

8、 in the frying pan. a: say, what time is it? is it really only seven-fifteen. my watch says eight-fifteen. b: you forgot to set your watch back. daylight saving time was over at midnight last night. a: gee. i could've slept another hour. notes: silex 一種咖啡滲濾壺的牌名 crankcase oil (汽車發(fā)動機(jī)中的)機(jī)油 snail 面包

9、卷 daylight saving time 夏令時間(在美國大約每年四月上旬開頭,十月下旬結(jié)束,把時鐘向前撥一小時) i could've slept another hour 我原來可以再睡一個小時的. 譯文： a：好，鮑勃，我已預(yù)備好吃早飯了。咖啡在哪兒？ b：在那只鍋里。吉恩上星期把滲濾壺打碎了，所以我只能用鍋煮咖啡。 a：這味道有點(diǎn)像汽車?yán)锏臋C(jī)油，不過還是很好吃。 b：那好，假如你不喜愛，你隨時可以自己動手做早飯。 a：咖啡旁邊是什么東西？ b：我熱的兩個面包卷。你的雞蛋在平煎鍋里。 a：告知我，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘了？真的只有七點(diǎn)十五分嗎？我的表已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)非常了。 b：你忘了把表拔慢一

10、小時。夏令時間已在昨天午夜結(jié)束了。 a：唉！我原來可以再多睡一小時的。 4. before class 上課前 a: hello, bob. have you got your work done for today? b: no, but maybe the teacher won't ask for it. a: no such luck. the last time he forgot to collect our homework was the day he came down with the flu. he's in better shape now. he wo

11、n't forget again. b: i know. that was a great week. i went out with mary three nights running. a: who's mary? b: you know, the dark-haired girl who sits in the front row. 日常生活 a: oh, her. i've never met her. b: sorry, friend. you won't if i have my way. notes: no such luck 不會有那么好的運(yùn)氣

12、came down with 患 (病)病倒了 in better shape 痊愈,復(fù)原 go out with 同 去約會 three nights running 連續(xù)三個晚上 if have my way-if things happen as i want them to 譯文： a：喂，鮑勃。今日的功課做完了嗎？ b：沒有，或許老師不會收作業(yè)。 a：沒那么運(yùn)氣。上次他忘了收我們的家庭作業(yè)，是由于那天他患流感病倒了?，F(xiàn)在他已痊愈，不會再忘了。 b：我知道。上星期實(shí)在太忙了。連續(xù)三個晚上我和瑪麗有約會。 a：誰是瑪麗？ b：你知道，就是坐在前排的那個黑發(fā)姑娘。 a：哦，她。我同她從沒有

13、接觸。 b：對不起，伴侶。假如我根據(jù)自己的愿望行事，你當(dāng)然見不到她。 5. sorry, i'm late. 對不起，我遲到了 a: well, you finally got here. it's about time. i've been waiting in this restaurant a full thirty minutes. b: sorry, jeannie. you know me. i'm always late. a: everybody knows, and every body's getting tired of it. f

14、ive, ten, thirty minutes all the time. no one is that busy. even in school you always interrupt the teacher right in the middle of a sentence. the whole class has to wait while you sit down and put down your books. it annoys s him and everyone else. b: all i can say is sorry. maybe i'll reform,

15、but don't count on it. notes: it's about time-you are late (留意：這是一句表示生氣的話，用于責(zé)備對方不遵守時間。在青年人中常用) get tired of 對 感到厭倦 it annoys him 這使他厭煩 reform 改正(作風(fēng)、做法) 譯文： a：啊，你終于來了。你遲到了。我在這家飯店足足等了三非常鐘。 b：對不起，珍妮。你是知道我的，我總是遲到。 a：人人都知道，人人都對此感到厭煩，遲到五分、非常、三非常鐘，老是這樣。沒有人會那么忙。即使在學(xué)校里，老師講話講到一半總是被你的遲到打斷。全班不得不等你坐好放下書本

16、。這使老師和每個同學(xué)都感到厭煩。 b：我所能說的只有愧疚。或許我會改正，不過別對我抱太大盼望。 6. the first class 第一堂課 a: today i had my first english class b: how was it? a: it was interesting. the teacher gave us three ways to help ourselves learn the language. first, stop talking anything except english. then learn many complete sentences by

17、heart. finally, have american friends tell us how they say things we have trouble with, and always imitate them. 日常生活 notes: by heart 默記 how they say things we have trouble with 我們感到難以表達(dá)的那些事物他們是如何表述的 imitate 仿照 譯文： a：今日我上了第一堂英語課。 b：課上得怎樣？ a：很在意思。老師告知我們有三種方法可關(guān)心我們學(xué)習(xí)語言。首先,除英語外不要用其他語言談話。其次.背下大量完整的句子。最終請

18、美國伴侶告知我們，我們在口語中感到困難的那些句子，他們是怎樣表達(dá)的,并且要始終仿照他們。 7. hearing and writing 聽和寫 a: tell me about your english class, mary. b: well, yesterday the teacher wrote some sentences on the board. the first was if you can't produce the sounds of a language acceptable, then you can't really hear them when ot

19、her people make them. next he wrote, if you can't hear the sounds of a language then you probably can't write the language well. your inadequate pronunciation contributes to making your writing substandard. a: do you think that's right? b: i don't know, bob. i'll tell you when th

20、e course is over. notes substandasd-unacceptable, inferior a：瑪麗，給我說說你們英語課。 b：好吧，昨天老師在黑板上寫了一些句子。第一句話是對于一種語言假如你不能正確地發(fā)音,那么當(dāng)別人發(fā)這些音時你實(shí)際上不行能聽懂。然后他又寫道“假如你聽不懂一種語言的發(fā)音，你也許也不行能很好地書寫這種語言。你的不合格的發(fā)音將導(dǎo)致你的書寫也不能令人滿足。” a：你認(rèn)為這對嗎？ b：我不知道，鮑勃。等這門課結(jié)束時我會告知你的。 譯文： a：今日我上了第一堂英語課。 b：課上得怎樣？ a：很在意思。老師告知我們有三種方法可關(guān)心我們學(xué)習(xí)語言。首先,除英語外不要

21、用其他語言談話。其次.背下大量完整的句子。最終請美國伴侶告知我們，我們在口語中感到困難的那些句子，他們是怎樣表達(dá)的,并且要始終仿照他們。 8. learning english 學(xué)英語 a: ralph, do me a favor, will you? b: that all depends on what it is. a: this is the problem. i'm still having trouble with my english. the instructor suggests that i ask an american to help me by tellin

22、g me how he says the things i say which just aren't english. i wanted you to 日常生活 be the american. b: what good'll it do? you never speak english unless you absolutely have to. i'll help you if you promise to speak noting but english all the time. a: all right. maybe i'll do that. it

23、's the only way i'll be able to learn english fast enough, i guess. notes what good'll it do? - it will be useless unless you absolutely have to 除了你非 不行 make a bargain with sb. 同 商定 a：拉爾夫，幫我一個忙，好嗎？ b：這要看幫什么忙。 a：我有個困難。我的英語仍舊遇到麻煩。老師建議我請一位美國人關(guān)心，要他告知我，我說的那些根本不像英語的話應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣說。我想要你做這個美國人。 b：這有什么用？你

24、除了非說不行的時候，你從來不說英語。好吧！我跟你達(dá)成一個協(xié)議：假如你保證在任何時候除了英語外什么也不說，我就關(guān)心你。 a：好吧，或許我能辦得到。我想這是我能快速學(xué)會英語的唯一方法。 9. learning vocabulary 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯 a: i don't understand why we have to memorize conversations. we need more vocabulary, not pronunciation. b: don't you think memorizing conversations is a part of learning vo

25、cabulary? every time we memorize a conversation, we're memorizing a whole series of contexts. each context tells us one way a word can be used, i know from my own language that i can't always use words by simply looking them up in a dictionary and then putting them into sentences. some words

26、 have many meanings. we have to know which meanings go where. notes context (文章或講話中的)前后文(依據(jù)前后文的規(guī)律可以確定某一個具有多種解釋的詞或短語的含義) which meanings go where 哪一種解釋講得通 a：我弄不懂為什么我們肯定要記住會話。我們需要的是詞匯，而不是發(fā)音。 b：你不認(rèn)為記住會話是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的一個組成部分嗎？每當(dāng)我們記住一句會話，我們就記住了全部的上下文。而這上下文可以供我們了解一個單詞的一種用法。我從自己的語言中意識到，光靠查詞典然后把這些詞匯拼成句子，并不意味著會正確使用這些詞

27、。有些意識有許多解釋。我們必需弄清晰在哪種狀況下適用哪一種解釋。 10.spelling 拼音 a: you know, ralph, since i started speaking english all the time my pronunciation's getting better and even the grammar's beginning to make some sense. but i don't think i'll ever be able to spell. b: you're not alone there. i have

28、 trouble with spelling too. when i was in grade school, i learned which words were the most frequently misspelled, but i never did learn how to spell them. 日常生活 a: since it's so difficult, why is it so important to learn how to spell properly? b: because if you spell satisfactorily, you're c

29、onsidered educated. if you don't, you're not. notes make sense - to become understandable grade school (美國的)學(xué)校 a：拉爾夫，你知道，自從我開頭全部時間都講英語以來，我的發(fā)音有了進(jìn)步，而且語法也開頭理順了。不過我不認(rèn)為我能把字拼出來。 b：不是你一個人如此。我在拼音方面也有困難。當(dāng)我上學(xué)校的時候，我知道哪些詞是常常拼錯的，但我沒有學(xué)會如何拼這些詞。 a：既然這么難，為什么學(xué)會精確拼音又如此重要呢？ b：由于假如你能精確無誤地拼音，人家就會把你看作受到訓(xùn)練的人。否則，在別人

30、眼里你是個缺乏訓(xùn)練的人。 11.two-word verbs 成語動詞 a: hi, mary, how are you doing? b: fine. what happened to you yesterday? i didn't see you in class. a: oh, i overslept as usual. what went on anyway? b: we heard about two-word verbs. a: what's a two-word verb? b: things like drop in, go over, get out, fil

31、l up. listen to these two sentences: citation will run in the third race tomorrow; mr. lee will run in to see you tomorrow. can you tell which run in is the two-word verb? notes how are you doing? 同how are you? what happened to you yesterday? 昨天你出了什么事？ what went on? 發(fā)生了什么事？ citation 一匹賽馬的名字 run in 順

32、便來訪 a：喂，瑪麗，你好嗎? b：很好。昨天你出了什么事？我在課堂上沒有見到你。 a：啊，像平常一樣睡過頭了，莫非有什么事？ b：我們學(xué)了一些成語動詞。 a：什么成語動詞？ b：像drop in, go over, get out, fill up這些詞。聽聽下面這兩句話：citation will run in the third race tomorrow; mr. lee will run in to see you tomorrow. 這兩句中都有run in，你能說出哪一個是成語動詞嗎？ 12more two-word verbs 又一些成語動詞 a: i hadn't f

33、inished telling you about two-word verbs, bob. b: do i have to hear more? i'm not sure i can follow it. a: sure you can. this part is the most interesting. b: okay. go ahead. 日常生活 a: well, here are sentences with two-word verbs with objects: i can't get over i can't get it over i can'

34、;t get over it i can't get him over it they all mean different things b: can you explain how they're different? a: each part or both parts of the two-word verb can have an object. the verb may have different meanings with different objects, or different arrangements of object. is that clear?

35、 you look confused. b: i'm not confused, i was just thinking. notes follow-understand get over 越過(如籬笆) get it over 解釋，講清晰 get over it 從(驚嚇、疾病)恢復(fù)過來 get him over it 使他忘卻(圓滿、哀痛) a：鮑勃，關(guān)于成語動詞，我還沒有對你講完。 b：我還需要聽你講嗎？我不知道是否能理解。 a：你當(dāng)然能理解。這一部分是最有意思的。 b：好，說吧。 a：嗯，下列這些句子里的成語動詞有賓語： i can't get over i can&

36、#39;t get it over i can't get over it i can't get him over it 這些句子的意思都不相同。 b：你能否解釋一下怎么不同？ a：成語動詞的每個部分或兩個部分可以有一個賓語。動詞加上不同的賓語或賓語的不同組合，就可以有不同的含意。清晰了嗎？你似乎弄糊涂了。 b：我沒有糊涂。我只是在思索。 13. speak up 大聲說話 a: i thought i was speaking english fairly well. now i'm not so sure. b: what did you say? a: i sa

37、id i thought i spoke pretty good english, but people keep asking me to repeat what i've said, so maybe i'm not doing so well after all. b: there's nothing wrong with your english. it's just that no one can hear what you're saying. a: is that what's wrong? but i think it's

38、 impolite to talk loudly. b: you don't have to shout, but you do have to make yourself heard. maybe americans talk louder than other people. if so, you'll just have to speak louder, too. notes 日常生活 fairly well 挺不錯 is that what's wrong? 這就是問題所在嗎？ make yourself heard 讓別人聽得見你說的話 a：我本以為自己的英語

39、說得不錯?，F(xiàn)在我又不那么有把握了。 b：你說什么？ a：我說我以為自己英語說得不錯，但人們老是要我重復(fù)我說過的話?；蛟S我說的并不那么好。 b：你的英語沒有問題。只是沒有人聽得見你在說什么。 a：毛病就在這里嗎？可是我覺得大聲說話是不禮貌的。 b：你不肯定要大聲喊叫，但你應(yīng)當(dāng)讓別人聽得見你的話?；蛟S美國人說話聲音比別的人要響。假如這樣，你說話聲音也大一些就是了。 14. learning a language 學(xué)習(xí)一種語言 a: to speak a language, one must know its grammar almost completely, not just its vocab

40、ulary or its sounds, not even sets of rules for constructing sentences. but one can't learn a language by studying only its grammar. if you do this, you may learn only the grammar and not the language. instead, by memorizing how to use them, one can learn both the grammar of the language and the

41、 language. notes：instead-rather a great many-a great deal a：為了能說一種語言，一個人不僅要把握詞匯和發(fā)音，以及一系列造句的規(guī)章，還應(yīng)對語法做到差不多融匯貫穿。但是僅僅學(xué)習(xí)語法，還不能把握一種語法。假如只做到這點(diǎn)，那你學(xué)會的可能只是語法，而不是語言。相反，記住大量句子并學(xué)會使用這些句子，就能既學(xué)會語法，又學(xué)會語言。 15. easy and difficult 易學(xué)的和難學(xué)的語言 a: people always say that chinese and english are very hard to learn. sometimes

42、 i wish i were learning french or japanese. maybe they'd be easier. b: maybe, but maybe not too. it all depends on what language you already speak. a: why should that be? what difference does it make? b: well, languages are more or less equally difficult. most of the things one language says mus

43、t be said by every language in some way. a: you mean i could learn chinese easily? b: no, because your native language is spanish. but italian might be easy. it has a lot of words that are similar to words in spanish. even the sound systems are more similar than that of chinese is to spanish. how di

44、fficult a language is to learn depends mostly on how much it resembles your own language. notes sound system-the total arrangement of the vocal units of a language resembles-is like a：人們常說漢語和英語是很難學(xué)的。有的時候我想要是我學(xué)法語或日語就好了?；蛟S這兩種語言簡單些。 b：可能，不過也可能不太簡單。這要看你原來是說什么語言的。 a：為什么呢？這有什么關(guān)系？ b：哦，語言大體上都是同樣地難學(xué)。一種語言中所說的

45、絕大部分東西，在別的語言中差不多都有。 a：你的意思是說我學(xué)漢語會很簡單？ b：不，由于你的母語是西班牙語。所以意大利語可能簡單些。它有許多詞同西班牙語相像。連它的語音體系也比 日常生活 漢語更接近西班牙語。一種語言是否難學(xué)，主要看它在多大程度上同自己的語言相近。 16. american english rhythm 美國英語的節(jié)拍 a: hello, harry. where are you off to? b: i'm going home to study my english lesson. a: english lesson? b: yes. i'm trying

46、to learn a little more. i don't always understand what people say, and they don't always understand me. a: what're you learning about? b: well. for instance, some words in a sentence. the time between two of these stressed words is always about the same, no matter how many words there ar

47、e. this is what makes english sound jerky. first you go very fast, and then perhaps you slow up. a: hmmmm. i never noticed that. give me an example. b: sure, here's a sentence we memorized for class. “you told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time.” it takes just as

48、 long to say“ not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time” as it does to say“ you told me last night” notes accented-stressed jerky 不規(guī)章地跳動 a：你好，哈里，你到哪兒去？ b：我回家去溫習(xí)英語課。 a：英語課？ b：是的，我想盡量多學(xué)一點(diǎn)。我總是聽不懂人家講的話，別人也聽不懂我講的話。 a：我在學(xué)習(xí)什么呢？ b：嗯，例如，在一句話中的有些詞是加重語氣的，讀音較重。不論一句中有多少加重的詞，其中兩個詞間隔的時間總是幾乎一樣的。這就使英語的音調(diào)

49、顯得不平穩(wěn)。開頭你說得很快，后來可能慢下來。 a：哦，我倒從來沒有留意到這點(diǎn)。給我舉個例子。 b：可以。這兒有一句我們在上課時應(yīng)記住的話：“you told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time.”在說“not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time”這段話的時間就和說“you told me last night”這句話一樣長。 17. “no” and “not” “no”和“not” a: hi, mary. how've

50、things been? i haven't heard anything about your english investigation for weeks. what're you studying now? b: now it's negative-“no” and “not”, to be specific. a: there's nothing particularily unusual about “no” and “not”, is there? b: not a lot, really. the main thing seems to be t

51、hat “not”is used with verbs, and “no” everywhere else. notes how've things been? 狀況如何？(問候用語) investigations-research 日常生活 a：你好，瑪麗。你過得怎樣？我有好幾個星期沒聽到有關(guān)你討論英語的狀況了。你正在學(xué)習(xí)什么？ b：現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)否定詞-“no”和“not”。 a：對于“no”和“not”沒有什么特殊要留意的地方，是嗎？ b：的確沒有什么，看來主要點(diǎn)在于“not”和動詞連用，而在其他地方用“no”。 18. turning in 上床睡覺 a: i guess i

52、9;ll turn in, bob. it's been a long day. b: i've got a chapter to read for tomorrow, so i'll be up for a while yet. i'll turn off the heat and lock the door before i go to bed. a: okay. what time are you getting up tomorrow? b: oh, the usual time. no, wait a minute. make sure i'm

53、 up before you go to work, will you? i've got a quiz at ten. it wouldn't hurt to read over my notes. a: i'll try, but when seven o'clock comes around, don't forget you asked me to wake you. b: good night, joe. notes turn in 上床睡覺 be up for a while 等一會兒(再睡) quiz 小型考試、測驗(yàn) it wouldn&#

54、39;t hurt to-it would be wise to come around 到來 a：我想我要上床了，鮑勃。今日很累了。 b：我還有一章要讀完，這是明天的功課，所以我要等一會兒再睡。在我上床以前我會關(guān)掉暖氣和鎖上門的。 a：好的。明天你幾點(diǎn)起床？ b：啊，老樣子。不，等一等。記住，我要在你上班之前起來，好嗎？十點(diǎn)鐘我有一個小型考試。最好能再讀一遍我的筆記。 a：我盡量做到，不過到七點(diǎn)鐘時別忘了是你要我叫醒你的。 b：晚安，喬。 19. bob on the telephone 鮑勃在打電話 a: hello, pete. this is bob. how are you? b:

55、oh, i'm fine. a: where were you this afternoon? you missed an important lecture. not sick, i hope. that's good. the next time you decide to skip class, check with me first. it wouldn't do for both of us to be absent. we need at least one complete set of notes. by the way, are you still i

56、n time wasting mood? good. why don't you come over after supper? joe's off somewhere with date, and i don't feel much like working. about eight o'clock? swell. and bring some records over, why don't you? okay. see you then. goodbye. notes skip class 逃課 check with me 讓我知道 swell 好極

57、了(口頭語) time-wasting 覺得無聊的，沒事可干 a：哈羅，皮特，我是鮑勃，你怎么樣？ b：啊，我很好。 a：今日下午你在哪兒？你錯過了一堂重要課，我想你沒生病吧？那很好，下次你打算要逃課的話，先告知我一下，我們 日常生活 兩人都缺席不太好。我們至少應(yīng)有一套完整的筆記。順便問問你，你現(xiàn)在還是覺得無聊嗎？好，晚飯后你來好嗎？喬出去約會了，而我不大想工作了。八點(diǎn)左右來怎樣？好極了！帶一些唱片來好嗎？好，到時見，再見。 20. joe's date 喬的約會 a: and then we went to a dance after dinner, and after the th

58、ird dance she tells me that she's practically engaged to some g.i. who's overseas. b: so? a: what d'ya mean “so”? you don't accept dates if you're practically engaged. b: why not? you only asked her for a date, not for her hand in marriage. there's nothing wrong in going out with a friend from the office. a: i know, but it makes me mad. they're all engaged,