蠅王lordoftheflies說課材料

1、蠅王lordofthefliesFull name: William Gerald GoldingGraduation： Oxford CollegeAchievement: Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983;ranking 3rd on the list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 by The Times knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1988 A productive writer WORK TIME WORK TIMEPoems 1934Darkne

2、ss Visible 1979 Lord of the Flies 1954A Moving Target (essays) 1982 The Inheritors1955The Paper Men 1984Pincher Martin 1956An Egyptian Journal 1985 The Brass Butterfly (play)1958To the Ends of the Earth (trilogy)1980-1989Free Fall 19591.Rites of Passage1980The Spire 19642.Close Quarters1987The Hot G

3、ates (essays) 19653.Fire Down Below1989The Pyramid 1967The Double Tongue (posthumous)1995 The Scorpion God 1971 Life Experiences : Was born on Sep 19th, 1911 in Cornwall, on the south-western tip of England ; His father, Alec Golding, was a distinguished school master; Was especially interested in l

4、iterature from his young age; At 7, began to write a play revised from a story in old Egypt; From 12, began to compile a book about the history of the British Chamber of Commerce（英國商會）, which was prepared to consist of 12 volumes; Became a very famous novelist in middle ages; Was educated at a famou

5、s boys school, Marlborough Grammar School, where his father was a senior master（校長）; Was expected to be a scientist by his parents; however, he had a very different plan for his own future； After graduation, followed his family tradition and worked as an English and philosophy teacher at Bishop Word

6、sworths School in Salisbury, which was a job he did not like at all； Quit this job 5 years later in 1940； Joined the Royal Navy in command of a rocket ship in the WWII； His wartime experiences played a large part in helping him to form his view of life and also made him witness everything about the

7、ferocity of the war. His novels are permeated with the sense of mans sin and guilt “Anyone who moved through those years without understanding that man produces evil as a bee produces honey, must have been blind or wrong in the head.” “The basic point my generation discovered about man was that ther

8、e was more evil in him than could be accounted for simply by social pressure.” When the war was over, he returned to his former post as a teacher at Bishop Wordsworth School in 1945. Although he had written a few books at that time, he was unsuccessful except for a few minor reviews and magazine art

9、icles. However, at the same time he did produce 3 manuscript novels. In 1954, he published his first novel Lord of the Flies after having been turned down by 21 publishers. The book became an immediate success in the western countries, through which Golding achieved international fame and wide criti

10、cal acceptance. This novel is universally considered his masterpiece. This famous novel derives from Defoes Robinson Crusoe and R. M. Ballantynes The Coral Island (1857). In this book, as well as in his many other books, his purpose is to explore into the darkest place of human heart and make people

11、 realize the truth of man. Golding is a very genuinely serious writer because he held a very strong pessimistic view towards human nature. He thinks that modern civilization, the institutions and order are fragile and temporary, and that mans irrationality and innate evil are strong and enduring1983

12、 Nobel Laureate（得獎者）（得獎者） in Literature for his novels which, with the perspicuity (清晰，簡明）of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today.Lord of the Flies The title Namesake of the novel, the Lord of the Flies is literally

13、a pigs head that had been cut off by Jack, put on a stick sharpened at both ends, stuck in the ground, and offered to the beast. In addition, the name Lord of the Flies is the literal English translation of Beelzebub, a demonic figure that is often considered synonymous with Satan. The Lord of the F

14、lies is a physical manifestation of the animalistic nature that is in the boys and the pig. The story in brief Set on an unnamed tropical island, Lord of the Flies sees the survivors of a plane crash all of which are children under the age of thirteen creating a makeshift society for themselves as t

15、hey await rescue. Initially, a semblance of order is established by Ralph, one of the older boys, and his cerebral cohort, Piggy. They find a conch shell and - at Piggys suggestion - they realise that blowing in it creates a commanding noise that summons the rest of the boys, who go on to elect Ralp

16、h as leader. However, Jack, the head of the choir, is jealous of the role, and consistently undermines Ralph. Before long, the infant islanders split into two factions: those who want to concentrate on keeping the fire alight, to ensure that smoke attracts any passing ships, and those that are inspi

17、red by the more bloodthirsty pursuits of hunting and killing for food. Ralphs rational and democratic approach eventually gives way to Jacks savage dictatorship. Anarchy and death follow shortly afterwards. Plots 1.A plane crashed, a group of boys came to an isolated island2. Ralph was selected to b

18、e a leader and “piggy” found a conch which Ralph uses as a horn3.They created the fire for rescue with Piggys glasses, and, for a time, the boys work together for building house and looking for food 4. Jack organized a “hunters” group which hunted for meat and left the fire 5. The signal fire went o

19、ut, they missed a potential rescue, Ralph criticized Jack 6. They broke into two group. Ralphs group focused on preserving the signal fire while Jack becomes the chief of his own tribe, which focused on hunting and had the strong belief in the beast. 7. Jack and the hunters slew their first pig, the

20、y offer promises of meat, fun, and protection from the beast. Jacks tribe gradually becomes more animalistic, applying face-paint to liberate their inner savages while they hunt. At the same time, some boys from Ralphs tribe went to Jacks tribe. 8. Simon found the dead parachutist, a pilot, who had

21、been mistaken for the beast. Simon attempted to alert Jacks tribe that the beast was nothing more than a cadaver but was regarded as the beast by mistake during their tribal pig dance and Jacks tribe beat him to death. 9. Jacks tribe then attacked Ralphs camp to steal Piggys glasses for fire. Ralphs

22、 tribe went to get the glasses back. In the confrontation, Roger dropped a rock on Piggy and killed him. Ralph was forced to flee. 10. The following morning, Jack led his tribe on a manhunt for Ralph to kill him. However, the fire and smoke attracted the attention of a nearby warship. Then a naval o

23、fficer landed on the island near where Ralph was lying, and his sudden appearance brought the childrens fighting to an abrupt halt. Upon learning of the boys activities, the officer initially believed them only to be playing a game. In the end, Ralph cried sadly for the island had been a bloody plac

24、e.Analysis of Ralph Ralph is the handsome and confident protagonist, the twelve-year-old English boy who is elected leader of the group of boys marooned on the island. Ralph represents human beings civilizing instinct, as opposed to the savage instinct that Jack embodies. Ralphs power and influence

25、over the other boys are secure at the beginning of the novel. However, as the group gradually succumbs to savage instincts over the course of the novel, Ralphs position declines precipitously while Jacks rises. Eventually, most of the boys except Piggy leave Ralphs group for Jacks, and Ralph is left

26、 alone to be hunted by Jacks tribe. Ralphs commitment to civilization and morality is strong, and his main wish is to be rescued and returned to the society of adults. In the earlier parts of the novel, Ralph is unable to understand why the other boys would give in to base instincts of bloodlust and

27、 barbarism. As the novel progresses, however, Ralph, like Simon, comes to understand that savagery exists within all the boys. Ralph remains determined not to let this savagery overwhelm him, and only briefly does he consider joining Jacks tribe in order to save himself. When Ralph hunts a boar for

28、the first time, however, he experiences the exhilaration and thrill of bloodlust and violence. When he attends Jacks feast, he is swept away by the frenzy, dances on the edge of the group, and participates in the killing of Simon. This firsthand knowledge of the evil that exists within him, as withi

29、n all human beings, is tragic for Ralph, and he plunges into despair for a time. But this knowledge also enables him to cast down the Lord of the Flies at the end of the novel. Ralphs story ends semi-tragically: although he is rescued and returned to civilization, when he sees the naval officer, he

30、weeps with the burden of his new knowledge about the human capacity for evil. Analysis of Jack Jack - The novels antagonist, is adept at manipulating the other boys, represents the instinct of savagery within human beings, as opposed to the civilizing instinct Ralph represents. From the beginning of

31、 the novel, Jack desires power above all other things. Early on, Jack keeps the sense of moral values that society instilled in him in fact, in school, he was the leader of the choirboys. The first time he encounters a pig, he is unable to kill it. But Jack soon becomes obsessed with hunting and dev

32、otes himself to the task, painting his face like a barbarian and giving himself over to bloodlust. The more savage Jack becomes, the more he is able to control the rest of the group. Indeed, apart from Ralph, Simon, and Piggy, the group largely follows Jack in casting off moral restraint and embraci

33、ng violence and savagery. By the end of the novel, Jack has learned to use the boys fear of the beast to control their behaviora reminder of how religion and superstition can be manipulated as instruments of power. He is scientific and skeptical. He quickly befriends Ralph and recognizes that he can

34、 express his views through Ralph. Piggy is an orphan who was brought up by his aunt. He constantly refers to the old way of life. Piggy builds the sundial. Analysis of Piggy Piggy, Ralphs “l(fā)ieutenant.” As he is derisively called, he is a pudgy asthmatic boy with glasses who nevertheless possesses a

35、keen intelligence. Piggy represents the scientific, rational side of civilization. He doesnt believe in the beastie. Because Piggy is an intellectual who lacks social skills, he is an outsider. The boys ridicule him over and over again. He can not do anything for himself and constantly tries to get

36、out of work while relying on Ralph. He is the voices of reason and the link to the adult world. The taunting by the boys, escalates to beatings and having his glasses stolen. Eventually, piggy is killed by Roger. Piggy still held the conch till his death, he has a strong belief in democracy. We can

37、see the fate of the intellectuals in authoritarian society from piggy. They have no power but firmy believe in the existence of human nature than anyone else, defying the autocratic power.But they are usually oppressed by the autocratic forces and had no strength to protect themselves.Analysis of Si

38、mon A shy, sensitive boy in the group. Simon, in some ways the only naturally “good” character on the island. Simon represents a kind of natural goodness, as opposed to the unbridled evil of Jack and the imposed morality of civilization represented by Ralph and Piggy. The other boys abandon moral be

39、havior as soon as civilization is no longer there to impose it upon them. They are not innately moral; rather, the adult worldthe threat of punishment for misdeedshas conditioned them to act morally. To an extent, even the seemingly civilized Ralph and Piggy are products of social conditioning, as w

40、e see when they participate in the hunt-dance. In Goldings view, the human impulse toward civilization is not as deeply rooted as the human impulse toward savagery. Unlike all the other boys on the island, Simon acts morally not out of guilt or shame but because he believes in the inherent value of

41、morality. He behaves kindly toward the younger children, and he is the first to realize the problem posed by the beast and the Lord of the Fliesthat is, that the monster on the island is not a real, physical beast but rather a savagery that lurks within each human being. Against this idea of evil, S

42、imon represents a contrary idea of essential human goodness. However, his brutal murder at the hands of the other boys indicates the scarcity of that good amid an overwhelming abundance of evil. Roger Jacks “l(fā)ieutenant.” A sadistic, cruel older boy who brutalizes the “l(fā)ittluns” and eventually murder

43、s Piggy by rolling a boulder onto him. An executioner . The Conch Shell Ralph and Piggy discover the conch shell on the beach at the start of the novel and use it to summon the boys together after the crash separates them. Used in this capacity, the conch shell becomes a powerful symbol of civilizat

44、ion and order in the novel. As the island civilization erodes and the boys descend into savagery, the conch shell loses its power and influence among them. Ralph clutches the shell desperately when he talks about his role in murdering Simon Later, the other boys ignore Ralph and throw stones at him

45、when he attempts to blow the conch in Jacks camp. The boulder that Roger rolls onto Piggy also crushes the conch shell, signifying the demise of the civilized instinct among almost all the boys on the island. Analysis of the Beastie uThe Beastie was symbolized as the darkness of human beings. It was

46、 not real , but imagined by these children who feared the gloomy night . uIt lured these children to divide into two factions , respectively represented by Ralph and Jack. The Beastie was the external manifestation of the childrens inner darkness . It gradually moved to the peak of rule and occupied

47、 all childrens hearts , and crane them to savage and slaughter.The Lord of the flies How the name was got ? What does the name mean? In this novel , what does the author want to reveal ?The Lord of the fliesHow was the name got? The Lord of the flies , that is the Littlun(蒼蠅王），is the literal transla

48、tion of the Hebrew word “Beelzebub” , a Satan figure in the bible , who represents the evil within them .what does the name mean? Its the head of the sow on the stick that Jack put up as an offering to the “Beastie”. Actually, the Lord of the flies was the external physical of the beastie in humanit

49、y.(蠅王是所謂的人性黑暗人性黑暗中怪獸的外化實物）Pictures of the Beastie the Lord of the flies In this novel , what does the author want to reveal? The children of the “Lord of the Flies” pay homage(敬意） to just a symbol of human nature inclined to evil side, while the “Lord of the Flies,” the inexplicable fear is a symbol

50、 of human civilization under the influence of their own evil nature and fear and helpless state of mind 。A Fable A fable is a veiled story about the truth of human existence. Goldings fable is one about the nature of man. Instead of recreating their civilized way of life in a new, bleak environment

51、as Robinson Crusoe does, the boys simply return to the primitive state of human existence and mentality, and repeats the dark, tragic side of human history of tyranny, violence, fanaticism (irrational devotion, enthusiasm), intolerance, and confrontation. Thirsty for power, and resorting to barbaric

52、 rituals and superstitions, they fight and kill each other, thus revealing the naked heart of darkness that exists at the center of their beings. This may be called “Original Sin” or evil, which resides as part of the human consciousness and breaks out loose to do irreparable（不可挽回的）damages whenever

53、and wherever possible.Writing Features 1. The use of symbolism 1) The title (Lord of the Flies symbolizes evil) 2) The boys represent clear categories of human attributes. （屬性，特征） Ralph is clear reason incarnate, Jack primitive passion, Piggy moral awareness, and Simon conscience and thinking. (All

54、of these symbolize a miniature of society in operation) 3) When their passion overwhelms their reason, human degeneration and dehumanization occur. Piggys death signals the boys loss of control over their lives and returning to barbarism, and Simons murder, or the death of conscience, marks the begi

55、nning of the reign of darkness. 4）Some of the objects in the novel are also meaningful. The conch shell（貝殼，海螺）, which is used to summon the boys to gatherings, represents order, civilization, and authority. Piggys glasses, which are used to make fire, symbolize the power of science and intellectual

56、endeavor. 5）Individual events are symbolic as well. Ralphs obsession of keeping a fire going is, for example, highly meaningful: it can be a sign of hope of rescue and eventual survival. Then there are Piggys glasses. That he loses them one at a time indicates the boys gradual loss of values and sen

57、se of direction.Writing Style 1) Golding is a master at controlling the length and types of sentences. When he wants the action to move slowly, he uses long, complex sentences that slow the readers pace, making us feel as though we were having a leisurely time. When he wants to create tension, the s

58、hort, choppy (moving like waves) sentences are applied and can be read quickly to give the reader a threatening sensation. 2) Goldings deliberate use of imagery enhances the meaning of the story by appealing to the senses. Simons meditation is surrounded by butterflies, and the Lord of the Flies is covered by flies. While birds make witchlike cries, and coconuts are described as skulls 3) Golding also uses a mirroring technique. At the beginning of the story, when the boys