第二講中考英語書面表達(dá)解題思路與技巧

1、第二講 中考英語書面表達(dá)解題思路與技巧 孫志祥 2007-04-18 16:10:11 原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):88 中考書面表達(dá)側(cè)重考查學(xué)生們的語言運(yùn)用能力。近幾年在全國(guó)各地的中考英語試卷中，此類題型已被廣泛采用，其所占分值比例逐漸增加，這對(duì)那些基礎(chǔ)薄弱的考生來說難上加難。如果考生們想擺脫這種困境，我認(rèn)為掌握中考書面表達(dá)解題技巧尤為重要。一、中考書面表達(dá)常見題型 1看圖寫句子。 2看圖填詞。 3看圖回答問題。 4提示作文。 5看圖寫短文（記敘文、說明文、議論文、日記及應(yīng)用文）。二、中考書面表達(dá)題型特點(diǎn) 1所選題材多是學(xué)生熟悉的，比較貼近實(shí)際生活； 2需要的使用語言材料是學(xué)生自己掌握的； 3對(duì)字?jǐn)?shù)的要求

2、一般都在80個(gè)單詞左右； 4通過文字說明或圖畫對(duì)考生所寫內(nèi)容進(jìn)行限定。三、中考書面表達(dá)解題技巧 1寫作前 (1) 仔細(xì)審題。考生在寫作之前首先要弄清題目的要求，認(rèn)真考慮要寫的題目、題材、格式和情景，也就是說要弄清題目所說的情景、要求表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)、要求使用的文體、格式及行文內(nèi)容等。 以2005年天津高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試書面表達(dá)題為例。通過審題可知，本文體裁為說明文，使用一般過去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 根據(jù)圖示，用英語寫一篇題為“Changes in Peoples Life”的短文，介紹過去和現(xiàn)在人們生活的變化。要求：1.詞數(shù)在80個(gè)左右。2把圖中所示內(nèi)容表達(dá)完整，條理清晰，意思連貫。3開頭部分已經(jīng)給出

3、，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞：apartment 公寓 Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending _ (2) 準(zhǔn)備寫作?？忌趯懽髦跋攘刑峋V，也就是說要完整無缺地寫出要點(diǎn)，這是組織語言，形成短文的基礎(chǔ)。中考書面表達(dá)的評(píng)分依據(jù)之一就是內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。因此，在認(rèn)真審題、弄清題意基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)逐個(gè)地完美無缺地把內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)列出來，然后翻譯成英文短語或句子，以便下一步組織語

4、言，形成短文。但要注意：要點(diǎn)不要遺漏，非要點(diǎn)不必添加；將要點(diǎn)翻譯成英語時(shí)，要盡量用你最熟悉的常用詞匯和基本句型。 以2005年天津高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試書面表達(dá)題為例。該題內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)有以下八點(diǎn)：(1) letters 寄信(2) listen to the radio 聽收音機(jī)(3) go to school by bike 騎自行車上學(xué)(4) room; small 屋子很小(5) make a telephone call / call sb. / ring sb. up 打電話(6) watch TV 看電視(7) go to school by car 坐小汽車上學(xué)(8) live in

5、apartment / large rooms 住在公寓里2. 寫作中(1) 要書寫工整、規(guī)范，保持卷面整潔。(2) 要用最熟悉的、最有把握的詞匯和基本句型，語言表達(dá)還要流暢，符合英美人士的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，避免漢式英語。五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)：AS + V （主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞）BS + V + P （主語 + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語）CS + V + O （主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語）DS + V + IO + DO（主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語）ES + V + O + C （主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語）(3) 注意英漢語法方面的差異、詞的形式變化；還要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語

6、態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。如果在寫作中遇到不會(huì)的單詞、詞組和句子，可以找同義詞和同義句型來代替。 根據(jù)以上圖片和列出的要點(diǎn)可以寫出以下句子： Picture 1: by sending letters. Picture 2: They would listen to the radio for news and other information.Picture 3: Children used to go to school by bicycle. Children went to school by bicycle in the past.Picture 4: Big families had to

7、share small rooms. They lived in small rooms.Picture 5: Now people can talk to others by telephone. Now people can make telephone calls to their family or friends.Picture 6: They can watch TV at home. They can watch news or other programmes on TV.Picture 7: Children go to school by car. Some familie

8、s are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars.Picture 8: More and more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms. (4) 用連詞成句的方法將要點(diǎn)的英文詞語擴(kuò)展成句子，然后再用連詞成文的方法來組織語言，形成短文。常用的連接詞語有so, but, when, and, first, then, not onlybut also, for example, by the way, from now on,

9、at first, at last, in a word等。One possible version: Changes in Peoples Life Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to the radio for news. Children used to go to schoo

10、l by bicycle. And big families had to share small rooms. Now people can talk to others by telephone or (they can talk) on the internet at home. When they are free, they watch the news and other programmes on TV. Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More a

11、nd more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms. In a word, people live better than before.3. 寫作后 通讀全文，檢查復(fù)核。這是做好書面表達(dá)的一個(gè)不可缺少的步驟。在寫好短文后，從題目要求上要對(duì)全文進(jìn)行檢查和修改。要注意字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合；體裁格式是否正確；內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)是否全面；語言表達(dá)上是否有錯(cuò)誤，大到主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)、習(xí)慣用法、小至單詞拼寫、大小寫及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，都不可以放過。第四講 中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)完形填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 鐘聰 2007-05-11 15:48:10 原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù)

12、:119 完形填空題是對(duì)學(xué)生英語語言知識(shí)與語言運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。一做題中的推測(cè)手段 1根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和文章的邏輯關(guān)系是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，聯(lián)系上下文，運(yùn)用思維邏輯進(jìn)行比較、判斷，找出既符合詞義、句意，又符合上下文語境，合理的正確答案。 2根據(jù)語篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 語篇一般是指比單一句子長(zhǎng)的語言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇和語篇之間往往有標(biāo)明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語

13、，這些詞語稱為“語篇標(biāo)志”，例如：表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的firstly, secondly等，表示邏輯關(guān)系的therefore, so, but等，表示話題改變的by the way等。在做完形填空題時(shí)，充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文之間的關(guān)系。 3根據(jù)文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 完形填空題考查的知識(shí)面較廣，從文化、科學(xué)常識(shí)，到歷史地理知識(shí)；從風(fēng)俗民情到民族習(xí)慣等等，無所不考。考生在做這類題時(shí)，要特別注意中西文化方面所存在的差異。具備了一定的文化背景知識(shí)，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地判斷正確答案。 4根據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。 中學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了較豐富的科學(xué)與生活常識(shí)，也具備了一定的判斷能力。在考查語言知

14、識(shí)和技能的同時(shí)，考查這些簡(jiǎn)單的常識(shí)性的問題，也是對(duì)學(xué)生知識(shí)面的檢測(cè)。 5根據(jù)語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 對(duì)于考查語法知識(shí)的考題，不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，更要有針對(duì)性地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，并根據(jù)其語法結(jié)構(gòu)和句式特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，從而迅速解決問題。 6運(yùn)用詞匯知識(shí)推測(cè)答案。 完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查，主要集中在詞語的搭配和同義詞的辨析兩大方面。要做好這類題目，首先要有較大的詞匯量，較強(qiáng)的詞語搭配能力，以及在語句中理解詞義的能力，做題時(shí)要結(jié)合上下文的語境，確定詞的意義。二例題解析 “Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to

15、1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly. Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out. He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not

16、put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag. He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing. “Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was

17、my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Don't say anything about it,” his teacher 12 him. “Dont try to come late next time!” Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 d

18、ay it has been for me!”( )1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer( )2. A. why B. how C. when D. where( )3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting( )4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested( )5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought( )6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door( )7. A. carefully B. qu

19、ietly C. early D. fast( )8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful( )9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready( )10. A. down B. up C. out D. back( )11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed( )12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped( )13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher( )14. A. think B. sit

20、 C. turn D. speak( )15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual 分析：這是一篇關(guān)于一個(gè)學(xué)生考試遲到的事。短文一開始就是電話鈴聲，Sam應(yīng)該起來接電話，所以第l空中應(yīng)選D，這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞中只有answer能表示“接電話”這個(gè)含義。第2空中要選擇一個(gè)副詞，句中已含有still at home等狀語，故不能選擇when，where, how表示方式，如用在本句中則句意不通，所以選A。第3空，從后文知，Sam是到學(xué)校去，故應(yīng)選C。對(duì)于學(xué)生來說，exam是學(xué)生最可能要做的事，并且后文說到其他學(xué)生在writing。第4空，get dressed意為“穿衣服”

21、，要注意這個(gè)短語的完整性。第5空，從前一句中的動(dòng)詞leave以及后文中的一系列動(dòng)作可知，本空中應(yīng)填remembered才符合邏輯，其他詞不能使文章通順。第6空要注意分析備選項(xiàng)的意義；從后文he had not put away his books可知選B最合適，因書應(yīng)該是放在課桌上。第7空中應(yīng)填fast，因Sam 要遲到了。第8空中要注意在形容詞后接writing，故選busy。第9空，從上文知，Sam 已經(jīng)遲到了，故老師應(yīng)問他遲到的原因，選A。第10空表明Sam的態(tài)度，他害怕抬頭看老師，故選up。第11空，Sam所陳述的理由是鬧鐘未響，故填C，failed。第12空，從上文Sam的話沒說完知

22、道這時(shí)老師打斷了他的話，故選D，stopped。第13空，Sam 在教室里走去的當(dāng)然是C，seat。第14空，本空說明Sam 思維混亂，不能思考，選A。第15空，綜合上文可知Sam 感到這一天太糟糕，故選B 。第七講：回顧歷年英語中考完形填空題 鐘聰 2007-05-31 17:56:07 原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):26 【一】（2006年沈陽市） Mrs. Ball had a son. His name was Mick. She_1_him very much and as he was not a_2_child, she was always_3_that he might be ill. _4

23、_she used to take him to see the best_5_in the town four times a year to be looked_6_. _7_one of these visits, the doctor gave Mick all kinds of tests and then said to him, “Have you had any_8_with your nose or ears recently?” Mick_9_for a second and then answered.” Yes,I_10_.” Mrs. Ball was very_31

24、-.”But Im sure you have_12_told me that, Mick!” She said worriedly. ”O(jiān)h, really?” said the doctor_13_.” And what trouble have you with your nose and ears, my boy?” “Well,” answered Mick, “I always have trouble with them when Im_14_my sweater off, because the_15_is very tight(緊的).”( )1A. loved B. hat

25、ed C. missed D. looked( )2.A.rich B. clever C. strong D. happy( )3.A.afraid B. surprised C. glad D. sure( )4.A.Which B. For C. But D. So( )5.A.player B. teacher C. doctor D. lawyer( )6.A.round B. over C. for D. after( )7.A.At B. During C. For D. To( )8.A.answer B. thing C. word D. trouble( )9.A.wait

26、ed B. thought C. stood D. looked( )10.A.did B. will C. have D. do( )11.A.excited B. interested C. pleased D. surprised( )12.A.already B. just C. never D. always( )13.A,angrily B. seriously C. happily D. carefully( )14.A.turning B. taking C. keeping D. putting( )15.A.collar(衣領(lǐng)) B. nose C. mouth D. ea

27、r【二】（06孝感市） When youre a teenager(青少年), it seems that every time you say, “I want to ”, your parents answer, “No, you cant.” Young people further complain that their parents do not _1_ them. When something goes_2_, most parents just dont believe in their children. _3_ asking why, they think their ki

28、ds are wrong. And not many parents allow their kids to choose for themselves. Yes, _4_ is true that your parents sometimes treat you as a little child. But remember that not long ago you were really a child. Your parents still remember the childish _5_you used to make. They want to protect you _6_yo

29、u dont want them to do so. So, if you want to get _7_ freedom(自由), please try to understand your parents and dont lie to them. Try a more friendly way. If you want them to_8_you to stay out late, dont just say, “All_9_ kids can stay out late.” Tell them as much as you can about what you want to do a

30、nd where youll be and _10_its important for you to stay out late. Then they just might say, “yes”.1.A. enjoy B. prefer C. understand D. decide2.A. badly B. wrong C. nice D. clear3.A. Except B. Instead C. With D. Without4.A. it B. this C. that D. one5.A. uses B. differences C. minds D. mistakes6.A. i

31、f B. though C. because D. since7.A. most B. least C. more D. less8.A. allow B. hope C. wish D. ask9.A. another B. others C. the others D. the other10.A. how B. when C. why D. which 【三】（05天津） Building a house is an operation which costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to 1 a house, your first

32、step is to find a suitable piece of 2 , You will probably try to find a sunny place, in a 3 situation, near stores and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work. Next you will find an 4 builder. And together with the builder you will make a 5 , The builder will draw it. T

33、he builder will also 6 the cost of your house. He will estimate(估計(jì))the cost of the wood, the glass, and everything else that he must use in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate must 7 , because the prices may the prices may 8 , and many other thing may happen between

34、the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house. 9 the builder gives you his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. You may find that some of the things you wanted at first cost too much, or that you can 10 a little more and add something to your original plan.1.A buy

35、B decorate C build D find2.A floor B place C land D playground3. A mysterious B surprised C pleased D pleasant4.A excited B experienced C interesting D extra5.A map B plan C decision D discussion6. A find out B carry on C work out D work on7.A be corrected B be copied C be read D be written8.A swap

36、B change C exist D influence9. A When B While C Until D Since10. A cost B spend C take D pay for【四】（05重慶） Mr. Johnson had a factoryHe once 1 on TV that animals could he taught to 2 some work for people if they were given 3 to eat He loved the ideaHe thought it would be 4 to have a dog look after his

37、 5 and an elephant do some heavy jobs 6 his factory. He bought a dog 7 an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for himOf coursehe 8 bought a lot of food for them Several months later，the dog and the elephant 9 fatter and fatter，but they 10 do any work for himAt last，Mr. J

38、ohnson had to give up1Asaw Basked Cmet2Amake Bdo C1et3Asomeone Bnothing Csomething4Abad Bgood C1ate5Ahouse Bshirt Ceyes6Ain Babove Cunder7Abut Bor Cand8Aalso Bnever Cyet9Asmelt Bsounded Cbecame10Amustnt Bcouldnt Cshouldnt 【五】（05年濟(jì)寧市） Most adults(成人) once studied at school, had classes and did their

39、homework everyday. The same thing is going on at school now. 1 it seems that doing weekend homework is 2 problem for the modern students. All the students should 3 that weekend homework should be abolished(取消).It is 4 for them to study at school five days a week. They have a lot of interests. With h

40、omework to do on Saturday and Sunday, when can they find 5 to help their parents do the housework, go and see a football or basketball game or a good film, join in family recreation(娛樂）, or just have 6 at home? Because of these other activities, the homework can't be finished until 7 evening. So

41、 their weekend homework is usually done in such a hurry that on Monday teachers are 8 because many of the students know little about the 9 . If there were no weekend homework to do, they would be happy to go to school on Monday 10 two days' good rest and to learn what the teachers teach. 1. A. A

42、lso B. But C. Still D. Though 2. A. not a B. another C. one D. other 3. A. agree B. decide C. understand D. disagree 4. A. enjoyable B. enough C. good D. useful 5. A. work B. time C. room D. money 6. A. a rest B. an exam C. a lesson D. a picnic 7. A. Monday B. Saturday C. Friday D. Sunday 8. A. plea

43、sed B. sorry C. unhappy D. satisfied 9. A. lessons B. games C. interests D. activities 10. A. during B. until C. before D. after【六】（山東濰坊） When you write a letter or make a telephone call, your words 1 a message. People communicate with words. Do you think you can communicate 2 words? A smile 3 your

44、face shows you are happy and friendly. Tears in your eyes tell 4 that you are sad. When you 5 your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something 6 ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying no. You nod and people know you are saying 7 . Other things can also give

45、 some information. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus 8 . A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on doors tell you 9 to go in or out. 10 you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages 11 them all th

46、e time? People can, communicate 12 many other ways. 13 artist can use his drawing to tell about beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books 14 to tell you about all wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, magazines, TV and radio and films

47、all help us to communicate with other people. They all help us to know 15 is going on in the world. 1. A. take B. bring C. carry D. gives2. A. by B. with C. use D. without 3. A. in B. on C. on D. over 4. A. others B. the others C. other D. the other 5. A. put on B. put out C. put up D. put down 6. A

48、. when B. or C. but D. if7. A. no B. hello C. yes D. nothing 8. A. to B. to chose C. to have D. to take 9. A. which B. where C. how D. what 10. A. Do B. Did C. Had D. Have 11. A. from B. of C. about D. for 12. A. with B. by C. without D. in 13. A. The B. An C. A D. Some 14. A. write B. wrote C. is w

49、ritten D. are written 15. A. what B. which C. that D. who 【一】1.A 2.C3. A 4.D5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.C13.B14. B15.A【二】1-10 CBDAD BCADC【三】15 CCDBB 610 CABAB【四】15 ABCBA 610 ACACB【五】1-5 BCABB 610 ADCAD【六】1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6. B7.C8.D9.C10.D11. A12. B13. B14. D15. A第六講 中考英語完形填空自測(cè) 鐘聰 2007-05-25 09:27:52 原創(chuàng)

50、點(diǎn)擊數(shù):181 一. 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 通過完型填空練習(xí)的綜合訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生諸方面的能力： 1、在不同的語境中正確理解和靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯的能力。上下文融會(huì)貫通、整體謀篇的能力。 2、整合已有的生活體驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理和綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。運(yùn)用史地常識(shí)、時(shí)政熱點(diǎn)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析推理的能力。二. 解題指導(dǎo) 1、注意文章首句，它是了解全文大意的基石，文章的第一句往往是該篇的主題句，它可以為我們提供解題的基本信息。答題前，先通讀全文，別急于做出選擇。千萬不要只看到空格所在的句子，尤其是開篇的前幾個(gè)空格。要根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和上下文語境，做出符合情節(jié)、語法和邏輯的正確選擇。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于那些較為明顯的答案，完全可以在看文章的第一時(shí)間同步選出，而那些需要思考的選項(xiàng)，可以等到讀完一遍后再逐一確定。 2、結(jié)合自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)想，隨時(shí)設(shè)想所遇到的空格中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，而后再以該題選項(xiàng)來驗(yàn)證自己