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1、.AutoCAD Text: Introduction to AutoCAD1.1 OverviewIf nature didnt make it someone using Autodesk design software probably did.No doubt AutoCAD-based product was used in the design and maintenance of much of what you see around youand much of what you dont see, including your buildings HVAC and elect

2、rical systems, the surrounding landscaping and your telecommunication network.AutoCAD is a powerful 2D and 3D design and drafting platform that automates your design tasks, and provides digital tools so you can focus on the design rather than the software itself. Architects, engineers, drafters, and

3、 design-related professionals use AutoCAD to create, view, manage, plot, share, and reuse accurate, information-rich drawings.AutoCAD: The foundation for collaborative designAutoCAD supercharges your design process, unlocking the value of your design data at every step of the way. In fact, AutoCAD o

4、ffers:Powerful design tools to enhance productivity and performance.New ways to help you connect and collaborate with your design teamand extend the reach of your design data.New tools to help you manage your corporate design standards. Evolved deployment and integration features and advanced licens

5、e management tools to help you use your Autodesk software assets for a greater ROI.System RequirementsRecommended System RequirementsThe recommended operating system for AutoCAD is intel Pentium or AMD K6- 450MHz-basesd PCMicrosoft windows XP Professional, Windows Millennium Edition, or windows NT 4

6、.0(SP5 or later)128MB RAM200MB free disk spaceVGA display of 1024×768 or higherMouse or other pointing deviceCD-ROM driveLess capable machines (such as Pentium 233) can run AutoCAD, but the results may be less than ideal. Sufficient swap space id also required installation of AutoCAD as well as

7、 any data or drawing files saved. The use of additional memory or faster processors will improve performance and capacity.2.2 CAD/CAM CAD/CAM is a term which means computer aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. It is the technology concerned with the use of digital computers to perform cert

8、ain functions in design and production. This technology is moving in the direction greater integration of design and manufacturing, two activities which have traditionally been treated as distinct and separate functions in a production firm. Ultimately, CAD/CAM will provide the technology base for t

9、he computer-integrated factory of the future. Computer-aided design (CAD) can be defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. The computer systems consist of user firm. The CAD hardware typically includes the computer, one or

10、more graphics display terminals, keyboards, and other peripheral equipment. The CAD software consists of the computer programs to implement computer graphics on the system plus application programs to facilitate the engineering functions of the user company. Examples of these application programs in

11、clude stress-strain analysis of components, dynamic response of mechanisms, heat-transfer calculations, and numerical control part programming. The collection of application programs will vary from one user firm to the next because their product lines, manufacturing processes, and customer markets a

12、re different. These factors give rise to differences in CAD system requirements. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use of computer systems to plan, manage, and control the operations of a manufacturing plant through either direct or indirect computer interface with the plants

13、production resources. As indicated by the definition, the applications of computer-aided manufacturing fall into two broad categories: 1) Computer monitoring and control. These are the direct applications in which the computer is connected directly to the manufacturing process for the purpose of mon

14、itoring or controlling the process. 2) Manufacturing support applications. These are the indirect application in which the computer is used in support of the production operations in the plant, but there is no direct interface between the computer and the manufacturing process. INCREASING DRAFTING P

15、RODUCTIVITY CAD/CAM system can entail a whole new set of drafting philosophies, all of which enhance productivity. For instance, most systems now on the market have a number of built-in functions that make new and useful drafting techniques automatic. Layering, for example, enables drafters to creat

16、e drawings in logical segments that can be stored separately for easy identification; but the segments can still be output together, in one single piece, which illustrates the entire drawing at once. Layering with a graphics system uses the same principle except the overlays are logical rather than

17、physical. The uses for this are myriad. Layers can be used to separate English and metric dimensioning information, inventory data, textual information, electrical requirements pluming, machine tool paths, and a host of other things. The result is cleaner, less cluttered drawings. Another example of

18、 a productivity enhancement for drafting might involve automating auxiliary views of a design. By pressing the right button or by entering the right command, a drawing could be turned 90 degrees in one direction or another. Three-dimensional designs could be rotated on any axis or displayed in any o

19、f several projections. To take it one step further, remember that entire designs can be stored on the system. When the drafter receives a job that has specifications similar to a stored drawing, he merely retrieves it, brings it into working storage, and edits those portions of the design that are n

20、ot consistent with the specifications of the new job. Productivity increases are thus compounded. The original job is speeded up, and that job, in turn, is used to speed up the next job even further. This illustrates the need to maintain a complete and up-to-date data base that can be accessed easil

21、y by all users. IMPROVING DESIGN ANALYSIS Design analysis is another important task that can be handled automatically by a properly integrate CAD/CAM system. This is particularly important in an application like piping plant design where drawings are often complex and must adhere to precise industry

22、 specifications. A CAD/CAM system with piping design applications software can give the user automatic feedback on such characteristics as fluid capacities, material chemistry, stress limitations, and coupling requirements. It can also generate orthographic plans, elevation data, equipment parts lis

23、ts, cost estimates, flow diagrams, process and instrumentation diagrams, and bills of materials. The system can even access and control complex engineering analysis programs and provide instant feedback on the viability of various design alternatives. OTHER ANALYTICAL BENEFITS CAD/CAM can influence

24、a companys engineering systems in many other ways as well. It can streamline all physical processes, and permit reevaluation of current engineering methods and reporting procedures. CAD/CAM improves and expedites quality assurance techniques, and it lends itself naturally to maintaining accurate and

25、 complete documentation and to keeping accurate records of part numbers and bills of materials. WHAT ARE THE DRAWBACKS? The drawbacks to CAD/CAM may not be so obvious, but they can be devastating to even the best plans. The most debilitating of these comes from the leap entailed in moving directly f

26、rom manual drafting and record keeping to CAD/CAM. It is like putting a jet engine in a Volk wagon. The car may go fast for a little while, but the whole thing will shake apart if he chassis is not reinforced sufficiently to handle the stress. If management is unwilling to evaluate the existing oper

27、ating conditions, standards, and procedures, the implementation of CAD/CAM is very likely to failfor a number of compounding reasons. For one, management policies will be unorganized because the CAD/CAM system will be isolated from standard operation procedures. This will likely produce a growing fe

28、eling among low-level managers that the system can never be made useful to them. For another, no interdepartmental communications paths will have been established. This could result in the feeling there is no long-term commitment to CAD/CAM. For still another, operators ( the people actually using t

29、he system ), will have had no input in the way the system was implemented. This leads to lack of drawing standards, poor system management, and alienation of system users. Such circumstances are really unforgivable, especially since the opportunity to evaluate standard operating conditions will almo

30、st certainly suggest improvements in those procedures even if the CAD/CAM system is never implemented. 正文：AutoCAD介紹1.1概覽 大自然不能造出來的東西，人們使用Autodesk公司的設(shè)計軟件或許就能造出來了。 毫無疑問，AutoCAD或者基于AutoCAD的產(chǎn)品被用于設(shè)計與維護許多你身邊看到的東西你的電腦、你的桌子、燈等以及許多你看不見的東西，包括你的房屋的采暖、通風(fēng)與空調(diào)及電氣系統(tǒng)、周圍的景觀與道路和你的無線電通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。AutoCAD是一個強大的二維與三維設(shè)計及制圖平臺，它使你

31、的設(shè)計任務(wù)自動化，并為你提供數(shù)字工具，以便你能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谠O(shè)計而不是軟件本身。建筑師、工程師、制圖人員以及設(shè)計相關(guān)的專業(yè)人員使用AutoCAD來創(chuàng)建、觀看、管理、繪圖、共享、精確地重用及含有豐富的信息的圖紙。AutoCAD：協(xié)作設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)AutoCAD可以極大地提高你的設(shè)計過程的效力，使你在設(shè)計過程中每一步都能展示設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)的價值。事實上，AutoCAD提供了：用來增強生產(chǎn)力與性能的強大設(shè)計工具。提供新的途徑幫助你與設(shè)計小組聯(lián)系及協(xié)作并且擴展你的設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)的范圍。提供新的工具，幫助你管理公司的設(shè)計標準。改進的部署與集成功能以及先進的許可證管理工具，能幫助你使用Autodesk公司的軟件資產(chǎn)一獲取更高的

32、投資回報率。系統(tǒng)要求，推薦系統(tǒng)配置：用于AutoCAD的推薦操作系統(tǒng)是基于Intel Pentium或者AMDK6-450的PC機（個人計算機）Microsoft Windows XP專業(yè)版、Windows 2000專業(yè)版、Windows 98、Windows Me或者Windows NT4.0(SP5或者更高的版本)。128MB RAM（內(nèi)存）200MB（或更多的）空閑磁盤空間。VGA顯示器，支持1024×768或者更高的分辨率鼠標或者其他指點設(shè)備CD-RAM驅(qū)動器更低性能的機器（如奔騰233）也能夠運行AutoCAD，但是效果可能不理想。對于AutoCAD的安裝操作以及任意數(shù)據(jù)或

33、者圖紙文件的保存，足夠的交換空間也是必要的。使用額外的內(nèi)存或更快的處理器將直接提升性能與容量。2.2 CAD/CAMCAD/CAM是專業(yè)術(shù)語，指的是計算機輔助設(shè)計和計算機輔助制造。它是一種利用計算機來完成一定的設(shè)計和制造功能的技術(shù)。這種技術(shù)正向設(shè)計和制造的集成方向發(fā)展，而在生產(chǎn)流程中這兩項傳統(tǒng)上是被認為不同的和獨立的功能?？偠灾?，CAD/CAM會為將來的集成計算機的生產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。 計算機輔助設(shè)計（CAD）可以定義為使用計算機系統(tǒng)來協(xié)助一個設(shè)計方案的形成、修改、分析及優(yōu)化。計算機系統(tǒng)包括針對有特殊要求的使用者而完成的特殊設(shè)計功能的硬件和軟件。CAD硬件通常包括計算機，一個或多個的圖像顯示器

34、，鍵盤和其他的外圍設(shè)備。CAD軟件包括幫助操作者管理計算機的支持計算機系統(tǒng)圖像的系統(tǒng)程序和應(yīng)用程序。例如，一些應(yīng)用程序包括零部件的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變分析、機構(gòu)的力學(xué)反應(yīng)、熱傳遞的計算和數(shù)字控制部分的編制程序。不同的使用者所儲存的應(yīng)用程序是不同的，這是因為它們的生產(chǎn)線、制作過程和消費者市場是不同的。這些因素使CAD系統(tǒng)所要求的設(shè)備不同。 計算機輔助制造（CAM）可以定義為使用計算機系統(tǒng)通過直接或間接的計劃計算機界面來計劃、操作和控制一個工廠的生產(chǎn)。計算機輔助制造的應(yīng)用有兩個方面： （1）計算機監(jiān)視控制。這是直接應(yīng)用，把計算機直接與生產(chǎn)連接，用于監(jiān)視和控制生產(chǎn)過程。 （2）制造支持應(yīng)用。這是間接應(yīng)用，是計算機用于支持生產(chǎn)操作，但不是計算機與生產(chǎn)過程的直接連接。 繪圖率的提高 CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)具有一組含有制圖原理并以此提高生產(chǎn)率的全新的設(shè)備。例如，目前市面上多數(shù)計算機系統(tǒng)就具有許多能使新且有用的繪圖技巧自動化的內(nèi)在功能。以圖層設(shè)置為例，它能使制圖者在為了容易辨別而分開儲存的邏輯塊中繪圖，但是這些塊是可以立即把整個圖全部顯示出來并輸出的。帶有制圖功能系統(tǒng)的圖層設(shè)置其原理除了層是邏輯的而不是隨性的之外，其它是一樣的。這方面的應(yīng)用有多種形式。圖層設(shè)置可用來區(qū)別英寸制和公制的尺寸標注、目錄數(shù)據(jù)、文本信息、電子設(shè)備、鉛錘