2019高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞李仕才課程目標(biāo)一、 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法。二、 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。難點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法。三、 考情分析上述語(yǔ)法是高考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，并且是高考試題的難點(diǎn)。一 般在單選中能占1-2分；我們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意上述語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)及做題技巧，并認(rèn)真研究近幾年的高考題。知識(shí)梳理一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)1 can和could的基本用法【用法】1. can和could都可以表示能力；許可、建議、請(qǐng)求以及推測(cè)；2.在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中表示“懷疑，猜測(cè)”或“可能性”；3.如果要表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，可用cou

2、ld代替can，這時(shí)could不再是can的過(guò)去式。【例句】Can she be in the computer cen ter?或許她是在計(jì)算機(jī)中心？No, she cant be in it.不，她不可能在里面。Could I borrow your bicycle?我能借你的自行車用用嗎？【考題鏈接】1.You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You_find the book by the title.A. mustB. n eedC. can D. would答案：C解題思路：句意：你沒(méi)有必要一定通過(guò)作

3、者的姓名來(lái)找到一本書。你可以根據(jù)這本書的標(biāo)題（書名）來(lái)找到這本書。must“必須，一定”；need“需要”；can“可以，能夠”；would“將會(huì)”，表過(guò)去的將來(lái)。根據(jù)句意，只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。2.Could I speak to Mr. White?Im afraid he_ answer your call now. He is holding a meeting.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldn t102答案：A解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。答語(yǔ)句意：由于懷特先生此時(shí)正在開會(huì)，所以恐怕他不能（cant）接你的電話。考點(diǎn)2 may和might【用法】1.

4、表示允許或征詢對(duì)方的許可，有“可以”之意。但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對(duì)方做 某事時(shí)，要用mustnot代替may not。2. may和might都可以表示可能性，表示“或許，可能，如果用might表示可能性，則語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定?！纠洹縈ayI use this dictio nary?我可以用這本字典嗎？Yes,please.可以。MayI swim in this lake?我可以在這個(gè)湖里游泳嗎？No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous.不，不行。太危險(xiǎn)了。They may（might）be in the library now.他們現(xiàn)在可能在圖書館?！究碱}鏈接

5、】Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarilyshy; they_ just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would答案：B解題思路：句意：一些不喜歡多說(shuō)話的人未必就害羞；他們可能只是一些安靜的人。must，一定；may也許，可能；should應(yīng)該，理應(yīng)；would會(huì)。根據(jù)句意，答案為B?？键c(diǎn)3 must禾口have to【用法】（1）must表示“必須，應(yīng)該”，其否定式為must not，縮寫形式為mustnt，表示 “不準(zhǔn)，不許可，禁止”。（2）對(duì)以must開

6、頭的疑問(wèn)句作否定回答時(shí)， 要用need nt或dont（does nt）have to，而不用must nt，因?yàn)閙ust nt是“禁止，不許可”之意。（3）表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。（4）have to和must的意思相近，只是must側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則表示客觀需要。【例句】Must we finish the work tomorrow?明天我必須完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？No, you neednt（dont have to）, but you must finish it in three days.不，你沒(méi)必要，但是你必須三天內(nèi)完成。Whos

7、e new bike can it be?這是誰(shuí)的新自行車??？It must be Liu Dongs. His father has just bought him a new one.那一定是劉東的。他的父親剛剛給他買了一輛新自行車。Ihad to give it up because of illness.因?yàn)榧膊∥也坏貌环艞壦?【考題鏈接】1. Doctors say that exercise is importa nt for health, but it_ beregular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may答案：C解題思路：句意：考

8、查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：醫(yī)生說(shuō)鍛煉對(duì)健康來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，但這必須（must）是有規(guī)律的鍛煉。2.“You _ have a wrong number,”she said.“Theres no one of thatname here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would答案：C解題思路：考查must表示肯定的推測(cè)。根據(jù)后句“Theres no one of that name here.”可知對(duì)方一定撥錯(cuò)了號(hào)碼。句意：她說(shuō)：“你一定是撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了，這里沒(méi)有叫那個(gè) 名字的人?！笨键c(diǎn)4 should和ought to【用法】（1）should和ought to表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，前

9、者比后者語(yǔ)氣輕。（2）should / ought to可以表示推測(cè)。（3）should / ought to的否定形式可以表示“禁止”。（4）should可表示陳述意見、提出建議或請(qǐng)求；而ought to可以表示勸告。 【例句】Children shouldntsmoke.小孩不許吸煙。You ought to respect your parents.你應(yīng)該尊重父母。 【考題鏈接】1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve.A. should B. would C. will D. shall答案：A

10、解題思路：句意：你是什么意思，只有十張票？應(yīng)該有十二張。A項(xiàng)表示從道理上推測(cè)， 意為“應(yīng)該”；B項(xiàng)意為“將會(huì)”；C項(xiàng)意為“將要”；D項(xiàng)一般用于第一人稱，表示“將 要”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選A。2.I dont care what people think.Well, you _.A. could B. would C. shouldD. might答案：C解題思路：句意：我不在乎別人的看法。 噢，你應(yīng)該在乎的。should表示“應(yīng) 該”，故選C。考點(diǎn)5 will和shall用法】1. will的用法1）will用于各種人稱表示“意志，意愿或決心”等，否定形式為wont +。2）will用于疑問(wèn)句中，

11、常用于第二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求”或“詢問(wèn)” 。2. shall的用法1）shall用于第二、第三人稱時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、威 脅或允諾等。2）在疑問(wèn)句中，shall用于第一、第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示。 【例句 】104He shall go first，whether he wants to or not.不管他是否愿意，他必須先走。Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?你能告訴我如何到首都體育館嗎？【考題鏈接 】1. Someone is asking to

12、 see you outside. _ he come in now?A. MayB. ShallC. MustD. Need答案：B解題思路： 句意：有人在外邊要求見你。他現(xiàn)在該進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall用于 第一、三人稱表示建議，此處的建議是“他現(xiàn)在進(jìn)來(lái)好嗎”。C、D兩項(xiàng)也不合語(yǔ)境。2.What is the news about?According to the new law, people who are guilty of drunken driving face a fine of up to 2, 000_yuan.A. willB. may C. shallD. can

13、答案：C解題思路： 句意： 這條消息是關(guān)于什么的？根據(jù)新法律， 酒后駕駛的人們將要 面臨高達(dá)2 000元的罰金。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是法律規(guī)定，是一種強(qiáng)制、命令，故選C。shall可表示“命令、警告、威脅、允諾等”?？键c(diǎn)6 would的用法【用法 】1）would作為will的過(guò)去式時(shí)，可用于各人稱，表示過(guò)去的意志或決心。2）在疑問(wèn)句中，用于第二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿，語(yǔ)氣 比will委婉。3）在日常生活中，用I would like to.”表示我想要.”或我愿意.”，以使語(yǔ)氣委婉。4）would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，比used to正式，但沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的

14、含義。5）表猜測(cè)?！纠?】He promised he would never smoke again.他許諾不會(huì)再抽煙了。Would you like some more coffee?你想再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？【考題鏈接 】1. I _ like to buy a basketball, but I am short of money.A. could B. would C. must D. might答案：B解題思路： 句意：我想買個(gè)籃球，但是我沒(méi)有錢。would like to do sth.想做某事。52. My most devoted friend. Professor Chen,_

15、ofte n go skii ng whe nhe lived in the mountain that was covered with snow.考點(diǎn)7 need禾口dare【用法】1)need作“必要”講，可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句 中。也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。后面常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同?；卮餹eed提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句時(shí)與回答must提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句一樣，肯定用must，否定用needn t/don t have to。2)dare表示“敢”的意思。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。dare若作實(shí)義 動(dòng)詞，后面可接帶

16、to的不定式，此時(shí)的to可以省略。dare與need的用法相似?！纠洹縄 need to think it over.我需要仔細(xì)想想。Need you go now?你現(xiàn)在必須去嗎？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt是的，我必須去。/不，我不必現(xiàn)在去。She doesnt dare(to)ask her father.她不敢問(wèn)她的父親。【考題鏈接】1. Tom_show his poor exam results to his pare nts.A. dare not B. dare C. dare to D. dares not to答案：A解題思路：句意：湯姆不敢給他

17、的父母看那可憐的考試成績(jī)。dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)否定句直接加not，后面接動(dòng)詞原形；而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面用不定式，并且否定句用助動(dòng)詞do或does.所以選A。2.You_ read that article if you dont want to.A. cantB. mustnt C. oughtnt D. needn t答案：D解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你不想讀那篇文章你就不需要讀。 此處的n eed nt相當(dāng)于do nt have to。A項(xiàng)cant意為“不可能；不能”；B項(xiàng)must nt意為“不可以， 千萬(wàn)不能”；C項(xiàng)明顯不正確，ought需與to連用

18、。即學(xué)即練1.A pilots job _ be boring, and they often _ work atinconvenient hours.A. wouldB. should答案：A解題思路：句意：我最真摯的朋友,would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的行為。C. couldD. might陳教授，當(dāng)他住在白雪皚皚的山中時(shí)，常常去滑雪。106A. can; have toB. may; canC. have to; mayD. ought to; must答案：A解題思路：句意：一個(gè)飛行員的工作可能是枯燥的，并且他們經(jīng)常在不便的時(shí)間工作。第一個(gè)空的can表示“有時(shí)候可能”。飛行員的工作可

19、能是很枯燥的。第二個(gè)空用have to表示客觀上“不得不”，他們經(jīng)常不得不在不方便的時(shí)候工作。2. Accord ing to the man ageme nt rules of our hotel, all the bills_ bepaid in cash.A. wouldB. mayC. shallD. could答案：C解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)我們賓館的管理規(guī)則，所有賬單都必須用現(xiàn)金支付。此處的shall表示“規(guī)定”。3. There_be any difficulty about pass ing the road test since youhave practiced

20、a lot i n the drivi ng school.A. mustntB. shantC. shouldntD. needn t答案：C解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)槟阍隈{校練了很多，所以按道理你通過(guò)路考不會(huì)有什么困難的。此處的shouldnt表示“按道理不應(yīng)該。其他幾項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境。4.Are you going to see the film with us?Im not sure. I_ go to the con cert in stead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might答案：D解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)not sure可知“我可能和你們一起

21、去看電影，也有可 能去聽音樂(lè)會(huì)，此處的might相當(dāng)于may,表示不太確定的推測(cè)。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done考點(diǎn)1 must have done【用法】must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事或行為比較肯定的推斷，只用于肯定句，可譯為“想必一定，準(zhǔn)是”。應(yīng)用的時(shí)候，通常有跡象證明確實(shí)如此?！纠洹縄t must have rained last ni ght, for the road was quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)槁访婧苣酀?。（由“路面泥濘”這個(gè)跡象推斷出“昨晚下雨”。）【考題鏈接】It_ have bee n Tom that parked the car

22、 here, as he is the only onewith a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should答案：C解題思路：句意：一定是湯姆把車停在這里的，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰粋€(gè)有車的人。此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為must have been，用must表示語(yǔ)氣很肯定的推測(cè)?？键c(diǎn)2 can/could have done7【用法】1）can/ could have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推理，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，表示對(duì)發(fā)生的行為的驚疑、懷疑或不肯定，could語(yǔ)氣較委婉，“本來(lái)可以，可能已經(jīng)”。如用在否定句 中，否定意義最強(qiáng)烈，通常有跡象表明根本不可能。2）coul

23、d have done還可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去可能完成而實(shí)際未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反即事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作?！纠洹縒here can they have gone ?他們能去哪兒呢？（表驚疑）They could have gone to the cin ema.他們可能去電影院了。（表不肯定）I met him at school yesterday after noon, so hecould nt h ave atte nded yourlecture.昨天下午我在學(xué)校遇見他了，因此他不可能參加你的講座。（有跡象表明的，強(qiáng)烈地否定）【考題鏈接】You_her. She is still

24、 in Paris.A. cant have seenB. must have seen C. might have seen D.mayhave see n答案：A解題思路：句意：由于她現(xiàn)在還在巴黎，所以你不可能見過(guò)她。cant have done sth.意為過(guò)去不可能做某事”；must have done sth.意為過(guò)去一定做了某事”；might/may have done sth.意為過(guò)去可能做了某事”?？键c(diǎn)3 may/might have done【用法】1）may/might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的推斷，為想必已經(jīng)，也許是”的含義，可用在肯定句和否定句中，may與m

25、ight表示可能性時(shí)may的可能性較大，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，常依據(jù)主句或從句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)而選擇may或might，盡管may與might不表示時(shí)態(tài)。2）may/might have done的推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣并不十分強(qiáng)烈，常指毫無(wú)根據(jù)的推測(cè)，無(wú)論是用 于肯定句還是否定句中?！纠洹縄 thought I might have failed in the exam, but i n fact I came in the top 10 %in the class.我認(rèn)為我可能沒(méi)通過(guò)考試，但實(shí)際上我在班級(jí)中處于10%的好學(xué)生中。John isnt at home, I think hemay have gon

26、e to school.約翰不在家，我想他可能去學(xué)校了吧?！究碱}鏈接】Themiss ingchildre nhave nt bee n found yet.Somethi ng terribleto them.A. may happe nB. should have happe ned108C. must happe nD. might have happe ned答案：D解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。 句意：那些失蹤的孩子還沒(méi)有找到。可能他們身上發(fā) 生了可怕的事情。通過(guò)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去的事件的推測(cè)，故選B和D; B表示“本應(yīng)該”，不是推測(cè)，故選D?？键c(diǎn)4 should(ought to)h

27、ave done【用法】should(ought to)have done用在肯定句中表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的動(dòng)作；用在否 定句中表示過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了，并且都有責(zé)備或遺憾的語(yǔ)氣?！纠洹縔ou should(ought to)have returned the book early.你本該早點(diǎn)歸還這本書的。You should not have askedsuch a foolish questio n.你本不應(yīng)當(dāng)問(wèn)這樣一個(gè)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。(表責(zé)備)【考題鏈接】The bike has broke n dow n many times since I bought it.Well, they_

28、 have paid more atte nti on to quality.A. mustB. canC. mayD. should答案：D解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：一自從我買了這輛自行車，它壞了好多次了。一哦， 他們本該多關(guān)注質(zhì)量的。should have done表示本該做某事卻沒(méi)做”?？键c(diǎn)5 needn t have done【用法】need n t have done表示埋怨或后悔等，指過(guò)去做了其實(shí)不必做的事，意為本可不必，滿可以不”。didnt need to do sth.沒(méi)有必要去做某事?！纠洹縔ou needn t have visited my uncle, as h

29、e has been all right for a long time.其實(shí)你不必去探望我叔叔的，因?yàn)樗讶瞄L(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。【考題鏈接】1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I_ thetrouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have take nB. could have take nC. neednt have takenD. mustnt have taken答案：C解題思路：句意：結(jié)果昨天天氣很好，我原本沒(méi)有必要自找麻煩帶著傘的。needn t havedone表示“原本

30、沒(méi)有必要做的事卻做了”。2. I_ up early this morning, so I stayed in bed un til8 oclock am.A. neednt have g otB. didnt need to getC. shouldnt have gotD. cant have got答案：B9解題思路：句意：我今天上午不必早起床，所以我在床上一直待到8點(diǎn)。need用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，前面借助助動(dòng)詞do表示否定或者疑問(wèn)。此句中的didnt need to do sth.表示“沒(méi)有必要做某事( 未做)”；needn t have done sth.表示“做了一件沒(méi)有必要做的事”；

31、shouldnt have done sth.表示“做了不應(yīng)該做的事”，是一種表示責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣；cant have donesth.表示“一定沒(méi)有做過(guò)某事”。即學(xué)即練1.What s the matter with Peter?He was see n crying whe n he was coming out of the office. Heby the man ager.A. may be scoldedB. should have bee n scoldedC. must be scoldedD. must have bee n scolded答案：D解題思路：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法?！癿ust + have +過(guò)去分詞”，表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事或某 種情況的肯定的猜測(cè)，只能用于肯定的陳述句。答句句意：當(dāng)他從辦公室里出來(lái)時(shí)，被看到 在哭。他一定是被經(jīng)理責(zé)備了。2.Jenny took the 9: 10 bus to Han gzhou this morning.Really? She_the