book 3 unit 3 grammar賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句

1、 Grammar 賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句 、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句：Who will win the match is still unknown. 賓語(yǔ)從句：I want to know what he has told you. 表語(yǔ)從句：The fact is that we have lost the game. 同位語(yǔ)從句：The news that we won the game is exciting. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引

2、導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞詞義功能that無(wú)詞義不作成分，只起連接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起連接作用what,which whose分別指什么，哪個(gè)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)who,whom,誰(shuí)，誰(shuí)的分別作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)when,where,why,how分別指什么時(shí)候/地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語(yǔ)Object Clauses 賓語(yǔ)從句請(qǐng)對(duì)應(yīng)寫出句子成分 I know him. I know who he is.（ ） （ ） （ ）（） （ ） （ ）請(qǐng)用橫線畫出下面句子的賓語(yǔ)從句部分。1、I know him. 2、Do you have the time?3、I think

3、that she is beautiful. 4、Why dont you pay attention to me?總結(jié)：賓語(yǔ)通常位于_或者_(dá)后一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念：賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。 位置：通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 +連詞(引導(dǎo)詞)+ 賓語(yǔ)從句e.g. She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.A.I dont know where we will ho

4、ld the meeting.通過觀察，我們可以知道賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用_語(yǔ)序 (陳述or疑問)：練習(xí)： 1)Could you tell me_. A. you will get here when B. when will you get here C. get here when you will D. when you will get here2) Mother asked his son what _for lunch at school. A. did he had B. does he had C. he has D. he had3) Pointing to the young

5、plant, he asked me _ that was the one we had seen in the picture. A. what B. if C. where D. how1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)1、從屬連接詞(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)：that ,whether ,if 1）、 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2）、I want to know if /whether he will go to the park with us注：1、由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope,

6、 see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略 例： I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說(shuō)他參軍了2、if 和Whether的區(qū)別1）、由 連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。 例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/wheth

7、er we had finished the experiment. 2）、下面幾種情況只能用whether和不定式連(whether to do sth.)用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo). 例：Whether to go there hasnt been decided. They asked me whether to go shopping.賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo). 例：I dont know whether the star will come or not.在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo) 例：Im thinking of whether we should go fish

8、ing.練習(xí)：1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.2、連接代詞和連接副詞連接代詞：what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever ( ) 連接副詞：when ,where ,how ,why ( )因?yàn)檫B接代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。Do you kno

9、w what he said just now? I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money. Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.She did not know what had happened. I want to know whose book it is .Could you tell me how you go to the station?注意：動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句。如： She told me that she would

10、accept my invitation. 她跟我說(shuō)她愿意接受我的邀請(qǐng)。練習(xí)：1. Wang Hai told me _ he didn't go hiking yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）4. They don't know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)5. I don'

11、;t know _ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)6. Do you know _ shirt it is? (whose, whos)2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.The reason lies in that he works harder than anyone else does.3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ), 如： I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯錯(cuò)了。I a

12、m sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試。 I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你。that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)： anxious，certain，confident，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，disappointed， pleased 等。注意 .it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)： think, find, consider, believe, feel+adj+ that 從句/ for sb

13、 to do sth 用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel,等后作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾） （此時(shí)that一定不可以省略）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.I _ every day .我認(rèn)為我們每天做鍛煉是有重要的。We all _.我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要。 三、時(shí)態(tài)1. 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定I know that he lives here. I know

14、that he lived here ten years ago. I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來(lái)時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）I knew who lived here. I saw that she was talking with her mother.He said that his father had gone to Beijing.3. 從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He told the b

15、oy that three and three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇1. The young man asked _ it's summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2.  We don't know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come bac

16、k on time.A. that B. if C. when D. what time4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. P

17、lease tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. wh

18、o it is 9. Could you tell me how long _? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing. A. will rain, won't go B. rained, wasn't go C. rains, won't

19、 go D. rain, will go Predicative Clauses 表語(yǔ)從句 This is his job. This is what he does every day. （ ） （ ）表語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句, 放在系動(dòng)詞之后。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”。系動(dòng)詞有那些呢? 常見的系動(dòng)詞分為三種：A表示特征和狀態(tài)： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等C表示某種狀態(tài)的：remai

20、n, keep, prove, continue, stay等從句連接詞分為三類：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。連接詞: that / whether /as if /as though( if 不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)連接代詞: who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞: when / where / why / how / because 用橫線畫出表語(yǔ)從句：The question is whether we can rely on him. That is because we were in need of money at that time. He

21、looked as if he was going to cry. That is why I was late. 過觀察，我們可以知道表語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序也是用陳述語(yǔ)序注意：1、that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，that 僅起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness.Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.The chance is that one smoker in four will di

22、e from smoking.*名詞主語(yǔ)+be+that引起的表語(yǔ)從句表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 表示看法，觀點(diǎn)、問題、麻煩的名詞，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem等The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，連

23、接詞whether起連接作用， 意為“是否、究竟、到底”在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)。The question is whether we can rely on him.The question is whether what man will turn up in time.What the doctor doubts is whether my mother will recover from the disease soon.3、連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。To

24、m is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.4. 連接副詞where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作

25、用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.5. 其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)

26、構(gòu)中。 as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he i

27、s unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3. She looked_she were ten years younger. A.that B.like C.as D.as though4. Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. when 5_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are yo

28、u B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are6. The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that7. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where8. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. wha

29、t it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be9. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what10. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such綜合練習(xí)：1 I flew to New

30、York for the talk show on TV last week Is that _you had a few days off?A why B when C what D where2 I ask her _ come with meA if she will B if will sheC whether will sheD will she3 It was a matter of _ would take the positionA who B whoeverC whomD whomever4 Can you tell me _?A who is that gentleman

31、isB that gentleman is whoC who that gentleman is D whom is that gentleman5 Can you tell me _ the railway station?A how I can get toB what can I get toC where I can got toD where can I get to6 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsA however B whatever C whichever D whenev

32、er7 Do you know _ ?A what is his nameB how is his nameC what his name isD how his name is8 Go and get your coat It's_ you left itA thereB whereC there where D where there9 I wonder how much _A does the watch costB did the watch costC the watch costed D the watch costs10 It was _ he said _ disappointed meA what；that B that；thatC what；what D that；what11 "Is Mary from New York City?" "I don't know _"A from what city does she come fromB from what city she comeC what city does she come from D what city she co