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1、人教新課標(biāo)版高一必修一unit 2 english around the world期末知識梳理一、訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)入寫出以下考綱詞匯的詞性和漢義(如果不止一個詞性學(xué)生自行增補詞性及相應(yīng)漢義)1.official ( )2. base( )3. gradually( )4. fluently( )5. frequent( )6. command( )7. expression( )8. recognize( )9. contain( )10. direct( ) 11. native( )12. block( )13. identity( )14. direction( )15. actually( )
2、1. _ of 由于,因為2. at _ 現(xiàn)在,目前3. such _ 例如4. more _ 不僅僅是, 不只是5. communicate _ sb. 與交流/交際6. the _ of 的數(shù)量7. _ it or not 信不信由你8. come _ 走進,上來9. make _ of 利用,使用10. play a _ in 扮演一個角色,參與11. leave _ 動身去某地12. _ space 在太空13. hold _ 稍候, 別掛斷14. turn _ 關(guān)掉15. _ sea 乘輪船16. feel _ 感到快樂17. _ the corner 即將來臨18. take no
3、te _ 注意19. build _ 增強20. make _ 有意義二、知識精講i.重點詞匯 1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的;目前的vt. 贈送 典例 1). the mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。2). i am afraid i cant help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。3). were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那項決定時你在場嗎?4). in the pres
4、ent case, i advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況,我建議你等等。5). may i present my new assistant to you? 請允許我向你介紹我的新助手。重點用法at present/ at the present time目前be present at出席present-day attitudes/fashion現(xiàn)在的態(tài)度/流行款式2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握 典例 1). the officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。重點用法 comman
5、d sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由指揮,由控制be in command of 控制be at ones command 聽任某人支配have / take command of 指揮特別提醒 command后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣3. request n.& v. 請求;要求典例 1). your requests will be granted. 你的請求能夠獲準(zhǔn)。. 2). i requested him to help. 我請求他幫助。重點用法at sb's request/at the request
6、 of sb應(yīng)某人之請求 by request (of sb) 應(yīng)某人的請求; 經(jīng)某人之要求: on request 一經(jīng)要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, 尤指請求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 識別出;成認;公認典例 1). i recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認出了她。2). everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都成認他為合法繼承人。重點用法recognizeby sth 認出或識別某人/某事物 r
7、ecognizeas sth 成認某人/某事物是recognizeto be成認是5. straight adj.筆直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直典例 1). this is a straight road. 這是一條直路。2). she went straight from school to university. 她一畢業(yè)就馬上進了大學(xué)。6. block vt. 堵塞;阻礙n. 街區(qū);木塊;石塊典例 1). he lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). a large crowd blocked the corrid
8、ors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重點用法a block of 一大塊block out 堵住block off 封鎖;封閉block up 堵塞;阻礙ii.重點詞組 1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的;目前的vt. 贈送 典例 1). the mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。2). i am afraid i cant help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。3). were you present when the decis
9、ion was announced? 宣布那項決定時你在場嗎?4). in the present case, i advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況,我建議你等等。5). may i present my new assistant to you? 請允許我向你介紹我的新助手。重點用法at present/ at the present time目前be present at出席present-day attitudes/fashion現(xiàn)在的態(tài)度/流行款式present sb.with sth = present 2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌
10、握典例 1). the officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。重點用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由指揮,由控制be in command of 控制be at ones command 聽任某人支配have / take command of 指揮特別提醒 command后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣3. request n.& v. 請求;要求典例 1). your requests will be granted. 你的請求能夠獲準(zhǔn)。.
11、 2). i requested him to help. 我請求他幫助。重點用法at sb's request/at the request of sb應(yīng)某人之請求 by request (of sb) 應(yīng)某人的請求; 經(jīng)某人之要求: on request 一經(jīng)要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, 尤指請求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 識別出;成認;公認典例 1). i recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認出了她。2). everyone recognized him to be the law
12、ful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都成認他為合法繼承人。重點用法 recognizeby sth 認出或識別某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 成認某人/某事物是recognizeto be成認是5. straight adj.筆直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直典例 1). this is a straight road. 這是一條直路。2). she went straight from school to university. 她一畢業(yè)就馬上進了大學(xué)。6. block vt. 堵塞;阻礙n. 街區(qū);木塊;石塊典例 1). he lives thre
13、e blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). a large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重點用法a block of 一大塊block out 堵住block off 封鎖;封閉block up 堵塞;阻礙iii.重點句型 1. which country do you think has the most english learners?解釋do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作為插入語,放在特殊疑問詞后,其它內(nèi)容緊
14、跟其后并用陳述語序。 what time do you expect we will come and pick you up?你希望我們幾點來接你? what do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news?你認為他聽到那個好消息后會做什么呢?why do you think their team could win the football match? 你認為他們隊為什么能贏得
15、那場足球賽呢?2. today, more people speak english as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解釋 than ever before 常與比擬級連用,意為“比以往任何時候更。如:the stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星點綴在夜空里,夜晚比以往更美。三、語法突破直接引語和間接引語二引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語。直接引用別
16、人的原話,兩邊用引號“ “標(biāo)出,叫做直接引語;用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不需要引號這叫做間接引語,實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語除外,其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句,轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時,句子的結(jié)構(gòu),人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化,如何變化呢?1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變 1直接引語中的第一人稱,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱,如:he said,“i am very sorry. >he said that he was very
17、sorry. 2直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的,轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱,如: “you should be more careful next time, my father told me.> my father told me that i should be more careful the next time. 3直接引語中
18、的第二人稱,如果原話是針對第三人稱呼的,轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。如: she said to her son, “i'll check your homework tonight. >she said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代
19、詞等,如: he asked me, “will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon? >he asked me whether i would go to the station with
20、 him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.總之,人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的,具體情況,具體對待,要符合邏輯。 2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語改為間接引語時,主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時,從句即間接引語局部的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化,變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求,變化如下: 直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般過去時
21、160; 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 過去完成時 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 過去進行時 過去進行時 一般將來時 過去將來時 例如: “i am very glad to visit your school, she said. >she said she was very glad t
22、o visit our school. tom said, “we are listening to the pop music. >tom said that they were listening to the pop music. mother asked, “have you finished your homew
23、ork before you watch tv? >mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv. he asked the conductor, “where shall i get off to change to
24、 a no. 3 bus? >he asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a no. 3 bus. “why did she refuse to go there? the teacher asked. &g
25、t;the teacher asked why she had refused to go there. mother asked me, “had you finished your homework before you watched tv? >mother asked me whether i had finish
26、ed my homework before i watched tv. tom said, “we were having a football match this time yesterday. >tom said that they were having a football match that time
27、0;the day before. he said,“i haven't heard from my parents these days. >he said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引語變成間接引語時,從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況1當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時
28、候,如: he always says, “i am tired out. >he always says that he is tired out.2當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候,如: he will say, “ill try my best to help you. >he will say
29、0;that he will try his best to help me.3當(dāng)直接引語局部帶有具體的過去時間狀語時,如: he said, “i went to college in 1994. >he told us that he went to college in 1994.4當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, whi
30、le引導(dǎo)的從句,表示過去的時間時,如: he said,“when i was a child, i usually played football after school. >he said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
31、60;5當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時,如: our teacher said to us, “l(fā)ight travels faster than sound. >our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時,如: he said,“practice makes
32、0;perfect. >he said that practice makes perfect.7當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時,如: 例如:the doctor said, “you'd
33、60;better drink plenty of water. >the doctor said i'd better drink plenty of water.he said, “she must be a teacher.> he said that she must be a teacher.he&
34、#160;said, “she ought to have arrived her office by now.> he said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.the teacher said, “you needn't hand in
35、0;your compositions today.> the teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.she asked, “must i take the medicine?> she asked if
36、 she had to take the medicine.注:此處用had to代替must更好8此外轉(zhuǎn)述中的變化要因?qū)嶋H情況而定,不能機械照搬,如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為there, 動詞come不必改為go,如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改變。如: teacher: you may have the ball game this
37、;afternoon.student : what did the teacher say, monitor? monitor: he said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些比照性的指示代詞和動詞變化1時間狀語:直接引語 間接引語 直接引語 間接引語now then to
38、morrow the nextfollowingdaytoday that day next week the nextfollowingweekmonth, yearyesterday the day before two days ago two days beforelast week month, year the weekmonth,
39、yearbefore this week that weekmonth, year2指示代詞:these 變成those3地點狀語:here變成there she said, “i won't come here any more.> she said that she wouldnt go there any more.4動詞:come變成go,bri
40、ng變成take 5、直接引語變成間接引語,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo),that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said, 也可用told來代替,注意,可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that,不可直接說told that, 如: he said, “i have been to the great wall
41、. >he said to us that he had been to the great wall.he said, “i'll give you an examination next monday.> he told us that he would give us an
42、;examination the next monday.不可說told that 此外主句中的謂語還常有:repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等,又如: he said,“i'm late because of the heavy traffic.> he explai
43、ned to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句,第一個連詞可以省略,以后的連詞一般不省略,以免混亂。 the doctor said, “you are not seriously ill, you will be better soon.
44、> the doctor saidthati was not seriously ill and that i would be better soon.2直接引語為一般疑問句,也稱是否疑問句,間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),原主句中謂語動詞said要改為askedme/him/us等,語序是陳述句的語序,這一點非常重要。 he said, “do you have any
45、;difficulty with pronunciation?> he askedmewhether/if i had any difficulty with my pronunciation.he said, “you are interested in english, aren't you?> he asked whether i
46、was interested in english.3 直接引語為選擇疑問句,間接引語用whetheror表達,而不用ifor,也不用eitheror. 如: he asked, “do you speak english or french?>he asked me whether i spoke english or french.i asked, “wil
47、l you take bus or take train?>i asked him whether he would take bus or take train.4直接引語為特殊疑問句,改成間接引語時,原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞,主句的謂語動詞用asksb.來表達,語序改為陳述句語序。如: he asked,“what's your name?> he
48、;askedmewhat my name was.he asked us, “how many car factories have been built in your country?> he asked us how many car factories had been built in our coun
49、try.5直接引語為祈使句時,改為間接引語,用帶to的不定式表達,謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do,由肯定祈使句變成ask sb. not to do由否認祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變,并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。如: he said,“be seated, please.> he asked
50、;us to be seated.“do be careful with your handwriting. he said. >he told me to be careful with my handwriting.“never come here again! said the officer nearby. >
51、;the officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.“don't touch anything in the lab without permission, the teacher said. >the teacher warned the students not
52、160;to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6有些含有“建議>、“勸告>的祈使句,可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述,如:he said, “l(fā)et's have a rest.> he suggested our having a rest.he said,
53、0;“l(fā)et me help you.> he offered to help me.7當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句,有表示請求,建議意義時,可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如: “would you mind opening the door?
54、60;he asked. >he asked me to open the door.“why not going out for a walk? he asked us. > he advised us to go out for a walk. 或he suggested we
55、60;go out for a walk.8直接引語是感慨句時,變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo),也可用that引導(dǎo),如: she said, “what a lovely day it is!> she said what a lovely day it was. 或she said that it was a lov
56、ely day直接引語和間接引語練習(xí)2i. 請選出正確的答案: 1. “youve already got well, havent you? she asked. she asked _. a. if i have already got well, hadnt you b. whether i had already got well c. have i already got well d. had i already got well.2. he asked, “are you a party member or a league member
57、? he asked me _.a. am i a party member or a league member b. was i a party member or a league memberc. if i was a party member or a league memberd. whether was i a party member or a league member.3. he asked, “how are you getting along? he asked _.a. how am i getting along b. how are you getti
58、ng alongc. how i was getting along d. how was i getting along4. he asked me _ with me.a. what the matter is b. what the mater wasc. whats the matter d. what was the matter5. he said, “dont do that again. he _me _that again.a. said to me; not to do b. said to me; dont do c. told me; dont do d.
59、told me; not to do6. can you make sure _? a. that he will come here today b. when he will come here today c. will he come here today d. whether will he
60、;come here today7. do you happen to know _? a. where is her address b. in which place is her address c. what her address is d. the place
61、 her address is8. excuse me, but can you tell me _? a. where can i get to the library b. where i can get to the library c. how can i get to
62、0;the library d. how i can get to the library9. john asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him. a. how would i like b. if or not&
63、#160;would i like c. whether i would like d. which i would like10. id like to know _ chinese. a. when he began to learn b. when did he begin
64、160;to learn c. when did he begin learning d. for how long he began to learn ii. 將以下句子變?yōu)殚g接引語: 1. “you should be more careful next time, his father said to him
65、.2. mr. wang said, “i will leave for shanghai on business next month, children3. “i havent heard from my parents these days, said mary.4. the geography teacher said to
66、 us, “the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5. she said to him, “its time that you left here.6. zhang hong said to me, “d
67、octor wang passed away in 1948.7. john said to his parents, “i had learned 500 chinese words by the end of last term.8. the history teacher said to them,
68、;“the chinese communist party was founded on july first, 1921.9. he said, “are you a student?10. “have you anything interesting i can read, george? she said.11. “shes
69、160;here to ask for help, isnt she? he asked.12. “where are you going? the father asked his son.13. “are you sorry for what you have done? the mother asked th
70、e naughty boy.14. she said, “did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, mr. li?15. “write your names on your papers first, the teacher said to u
71、s.16. “please come here again tomorrow, her friend said to her.17. “l(fā)et me pack the parcel for you, he said.18. “dont make so much noise in class, boys and
72、160;girls, said the teacher.19. “what a lovely day it is!20. “happy new year to you! he said.iii. 把以下句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z: 1. i told him that i had lost my money and
73、0;that i would find it.2. she asked whether i would be free the next day or not.3. i asked her where she was going and what she was going to do
74、;the next day.4. his father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.5. the stranger asked me what my name was.6. she said that she would
75、60;finish her work the next day.7. the teacher asked if we could do it.8. the commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.9. my teacher aske
76、d whether he was coming.10. the scientist asked me what i was doing.答案i. 1-5 b c c d d 6-10 a c d c aii. 1. his father
77、60;told him that he should be more careful the next time.2. mr. wang told the children that he would leave for shanghai on business the next month.3. mary sai
78、d that she hadnt heard from her parents those days.4. the geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5.
79、60; she told him that it was time that he left there.6. zhang hong told me that doctor wang passed away in 1948.7. john told his parents that he had lear
80、ned 500 chinese words by the end of last term.8. the history teacher told them that the chinese communist party was founded on july first, 1921.9. he asked wh
81、ether i was a student.10. she asked george if he had anything interesting she could read.11. he asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.12. the
82、60;father asked his son where he was going.13. the mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.14. she asked mr. li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.15. the teacher told us to wr
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