（整理版高中英語）高二英語Module5Unit3Scienceversusnature（續(xù)）譯林

1、高二英語 module 5 unit 3 science versus nature續(xù)譯林版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：module 5 unit 3 science versus nature續(xù)二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)： unit 3 reading, grammar三. 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：language points, v-ed form(一) language points21. desperate adj. 1) willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about dangereg. i had

2、no money left and was desperate. eg. the missing teenager's desperate parentsdesperate with eg. she was desperate with fear.2) needing or wanting something very muchdesperate for eg. the team is desperate for a win. i was desperate for a cigarette.desperate to do sth eg. he was desperate to get

3、a job.22. adopt v. 1) child intransitive and transitive to take someone else's child into your home and legally become its parenteg. sally was adopted when she was four. eg. the couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to adopt.2) adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc transitive

4、 to start to deal with or think about something in a particular wayeg. california has adopted a tough stance on the issue.3) law/ruletransitive to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by votingcongress finally adopted the law after a two-year debate.4) name/country etctransitive to

5、 choose a new name, country, custom etc, especially to replace a previous onestevens became a muslim and adopted the name yusuf islam.23. genetically adv. 從基因上來說地gene n. 基因genetic adj. 基因的24. ahead adv. 1) a short distance in front of someone or something eg. we could see the lights of las vegas up

6、ahead .he kept his gaze fixed on the car ahead.ahead of eg. a hill loomed ahead of them.some/a little/a long way ahead 2) before someone elseahead of eg. there were four people ahead of me at the doctor's.3) in the futureeg. the years/days/months etc aheadeg. unless we plan ahead we are going to

7、 be in a mess.4) before an event happens in advanceeg. i cook rice two or three hours ahead. eg. can you tell me ahead of time if you're coming?5) go aheada) spoken used to tell someone they can do somethingeg. can i have the sports section? yeah, go ahead, i've read it.b) to do something th

8、at was planned, especially in spite of a problemgo ahead witheg. frank'll be late but we'll go ahead with the meeting anyway.6) push ahead to continue with a plan or activity, especially in a determined way push ahead with eg. quinlan decided to push ahead with the deal.25. deliver v.1) take

9、 something somewhereintransitive and transitive to take goods, letters, packages etc to a particular place or personeg. the morning mail has just been delivered. deliver sth to sbeg. i'm having some flowers delivered for her birthday.2) deliver a speech/lecture/address etc to make a speech etc t

10、o a lot of peopleeg. the king delivered a televised speech to the nation on nov 5.3) baby transitive to help a woman give birth to her baby, or to give birth to a babyeg. they rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby.26. stem cell 干細(xì)胞27. medical adj. relating to medicine and the treat

11、ment of disease or injuryeg. medical research medicine n. 28. succeed v. 1) to do what you tried or wanted to doeg. she wanted to be the first woman to climb mount everest, and she almost succeeded.succeed in doing sth eg. scientists claim they have succeeded in finding a cure for cancer. eg. very f

12、ew people succeed in losing weight and keeping it off.2) to come after or replace something else, especially another producteg. this car is intended to succeed the popular fiesta.28. goat n. 山羊29. benefit 1) v. if you benefit from something or it benefits you, it gives you an advantage, improves you

13、r life, or helps you in some wayeg. they are working together to benefit the whole community.benefit from/by eg. many thousands have benefited from the new treatment. they would benefit by reducing their labour costs.2) n. an advantage, improvement, or help that you get from somethingbenefit of eg.

14、the benefits of contact lenses i never had the benefit of a university education.3) british english money provided by the government to people who are sick, unemployed, or have little money (american equivalent) welfareeg. unemployment/housing/child etc benefit30. totally adv. completelyeg. that'

15、;s a totally different matter. i totally agree.totally unacceptable/unnecessary/unsuitable etc eg. terrorism is totally unacceptable in a civilised world.31. immoral adj. morally wrongeg. deliberately making people suffer is immoral. it's immoral to be rich while people are starving32. consequen

16、ce n. something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditionsconsequence of eg. many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.consequence for eg. our findings have far-reaching consequences for researchers.dire/disastrous/serious etc consequences eg. erro

17、rs in forecasting can have dire consequences.as a consequence (of sth)/in consequence (of sth) formal as a result of somethingeg. animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical. eg. she was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.33. superhu

18、man adj. 超人34. race n. one of the main groups that humans can be divided into according to the colour of their skin and other physical features eg. the school welcomes children of all races.35. end up to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did

19、not plan iteg. if you drive your car like that, youll end up in hospital.end up doing stheg. most slimmers end up putting weight back on.end up withthe party ended up with the singing of color of the wind.36. use up to: use all of somethingeg. she's used up all the hot water.37. surely adv. used

20、 to show that you think something must be true, especially when people seem to be disagreeing with you eg. surely we can't just stand back and let this happen?38. advance to move towards someone or something, especially in a slow and determined way - used especially to talk about soldiers eg. a

21、line of us tanks slowly advanced.39. morality n. 道德二grammar 過去分詞過去分詞亦稱-ed分詞在句中可作定語、表語、補(bǔ)足語和狀語。1. 定語a burnt car = a car which was burnt 一輛被燒毀的小汽車the moved students = the students who were moved 受到鼓舞的學(xué)生們the excited audience = the audience who were excited 沖動(dòng)的觀眾tea contained in a box = tea which is cont

22、ained in a box 裝在盒子里的茶葉the subject taught by the new teacher = the subject which is taught by the new teacher listeners interested in the story = listeners who were interested in the story對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣的聽眾們單個(gè)的及物過去分詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞的前面；及物的過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾詞的后面。2. 表語the audience was moved to tears. 觀眾們感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。all

23、 the students were puzzled. 所有的學(xué)生們都很疑惑。the listeners were inspired by the speech. 聽眾被演講所感染。the football fans were excited. 足球迷們欣喜假設(shè)狂。we were surprised at the news. 我們聽到消息后深感震驚。the team were encouraged by his words. 他的一席話鼓舞了球隊(duì)隊(duì)員。在以上例句中，主語和作表語的分詞之間有著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主語是動(dòng)作的接受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語處于被怎么樣的狀態(tài)，在這里，過去分詞也是強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)。相反，與

24、其對(duì)應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在分詞那么表主動(dòng)常用作表語的-ed分詞有：amazed, bored, discouraged, disappointed, encouraged, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, surprised, tired等3. 補(bǔ)足語1賓補(bǔ)i heard my name called when i was walking in the street. 我在街上走著的時(shí)候聽見有人在叫我。someone saw the little boy punished by his father. 有人看見這男孩遭到父親的懲罰。the

25、y have kept my eyes closed. 他們讓我把眼睛閉上。i caught him taken away by a policeman.我看到他被一名警察帶走。特別注意：分詞做補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要注意把握分詞和賓語的邏輯關(guān)系。假設(shè)賓語和分詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，即賓語是動(dòng)作的接受者時(shí)，要用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞。相反，當(dāng)分詞和賓語的關(guān)系是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即賓語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，要用表示主動(dòng)的現(xiàn)在分詞。常接-ed分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, find，catch表示“使、讓意義的動(dòng)詞(keep, have, get, le

26、ave, make)“with+復(fù)合賓語 結(jié)構(gòu)your hair is too long. youd better go and have it cut this afternoon.你的頭發(fā)太長了。你最好下午去把它剪短了。mary left when she saw the door locked.看到門鎖著，瑪麗就走了。he was satisfied, with the work finished ahead of time.工作提前完成了，他非常滿意。在with結(jié)構(gòu)中，the work是動(dòng)作finish 的接收者。此時(shí)，賓語與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，“finished表被動(dòng)。2主

27、補(bǔ)the little boy was seen punished by his father. 有人看見這男孩遭到父親的懲罰。he was caught taken away by a policeman. 有人看到他被一名警察帶走。分詞作主補(bǔ)時(shí)，要注意把握分詞和主語的邏輯關(guān)系。當(dāng)分詞和主語的關(guān)系是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即主語是動(dòng)作的接受者時(shí)，要用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞。相反, 假設(shè)主語和分詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，即主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，要用表示主動(dòng)的現(xiàn)在分詞。4. 狀語過去分詞短語作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句。表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和伴隨等情況。1原因frightened by w

28、hat he saw, he couldnt say a word.= because he was frightened by what he saw, he couldnt say a word.= he was frightened by what he saw, so he couldnt say a word.由于他所看到的情況使他很恐懼，所以他一句話也說不出來。seen by the teacher, he had to stop. =because he was seen by the teacher , he had to stop.badly hurt, mary was g

29、iven a lot of money.= because she was badly hurt, mary was given a lot of money. 由于嚴(yán)重致傷，瑪麗被支付了一大筆錢。noticed by the teacher, kate rose from her chair.= as she was noticed by the teacher, kate rose from her chair.當(dāng)我們使用分詞作狀語時(shí)，要特別注意句子的邏輯主語與分詞的關(guān)系。假設(shè)動(dòng)作是主語承受的，分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)使用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。相反，假設(shè)動(dòng)作是由主語發(fā)出的，分詞與主語

30、的關(guān)系為主謂關(guān)系，那么使用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)。2時(shí)間heated, water can be changed vapor.= when it is heated, water can be changed into vapor.水加熱就可以變成蒸汽。brushed twice, his teeth became white and clean.when they were brushed twice, his teeth became white and clean.刷了兩遍之后，他的牙齒變的又白又干凈。3條件given more time and more money, we could hav

31、e finished the work.= if we had been given more time and more money, we could have finished the work.如果當(dāng)時(shí)給我們提供更多的時(shí)間和財(cái)力，我們就能夠完成這項(xiàng)工作。seen from the church tower, the park looks more beautiful.= if it is seen from the church tower, the park looks move beautiful.站在教堂塔頂上，這座公園看上去更漂亮了。這里seen的邏輯賓語是the park，也

32、就是說，the park 是動(dòng)詞seen的接受者。judged from its fur, it was clearly a polar bear.= if it is judged from its fur, it was clearly a polar bear.如果從它的毛皮判斷，這顯然是頭北極熊。4伴隨the professor came into the classroom, followed by his students.= the professor came into the classroom, and he was followed by his students.教授走

33、進(jìn)了教室，學(xué)生跟在身后。the socalled singing stars came out of the hall, laughed by the audience.這些所謂的歌手們走出大廳，受到了觀眾們的嘲笑。5由when, while, once, though等加-ed分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作狀語when asked where he had been, the boy gave no answer.= when he was asked where he had been, the boy gave no answer. 當(dāng)被問到他去哪里了，這男孩拒絕答復(fù)。once lost, suc

34、h a chance might never come again.= once it is lost, such a chance might never come again.這樣的時(shí)機(jī)一旦失去了， 恐怕不會(huì)再來了。i wont go to the party unless invited.= i wont go to the party unless i am invited.除非受到邀請，否那么我不參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。【模擬試題】答題時(shí)間：15分鐘單項(xiàng)選擇1. _ from the top of the tv tower, and we can get a beautiful sight o

35、f most of the city.a. to see b. seen c. seeing d. see2. all things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. a. be considered b. considering c. having considered d. considered3. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of her life.a. saw; frightened b. seen; frightened c. to

36、 see; frightening d. seeing; frightened4. generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.a. when taking b. when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken5. the research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.a. begins b. begun c. beginning d. having begun6. _ in 1613, harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united stated.a. being founded b. founded c. it was founded d. founding7. if you go to xian, you will fi