北京郵電大學-數(shù)字電路與邏輯設(shè)計-洗衣機控制器實驗報告

1、北京郵電大學數(shù)字電路與邏輯設(shè)計實驗題目：洗衣機控制器 學院：信息與通信工程學院 班級：學號：姓名：班內(nèi)序號日期：2015年11月5日一、設(shè)計課題的任務(wù)要求：（1）實驗目的：1、熟練掌握 VHDL 語言和QuartusII 軟件的使用；2、理解狀態(tài)機的工作原理和設(shè)計方法；3、掌握利用 EDA 工具進行自頂向下的電子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法；（2）實驗內(nèi)容：基本要求：1、 洗衣機的工作步驟為洗衣、漂洗和脫水三個過程，工作時間分別為：洗衣 30 秒（進水5秒，洗衣15秒，排水5秒，甩干5秒），漂洗25 秒（進水5秒，漂洗10秒，排水5秒，甩干5秒），脫水15 秒（排水5秒，甩干10秒）；2、 用一個按鍵實現(xiàn)洗衣

2、程序的手動選擇：A、單洗滌；B、單漂洗；C、單脫水；D、漂洗和脫水；E、洗滌、漂洗和脫水全過程；3、用發(fā)光二極管顯示洗衣機的工作狀態(tài)（洗衣、漂洗和脫水），并倒計時顯示每個狀態(tài)的工作時間，全部過程結(jié)束后，應(yīng)有聲音提示使用者；4、用點陣動畫顯示洗衣機工作過程中進水、波輪或滾筒轉(zhuǎn)動、排水和甩干等的工作情況，四種工作情況的動畫顯示要有區(qū)別且盡可能的形象；5、用一個按鍵實現(xiàn)暫停洗衣和繼續(xù)洗衣的控制，暫停后繼續(xù)洗衣應(yīng)回到暫停之前保留的狀態(tài)。提高要求：1、 三個過程的時間有多個選項供使用者選擇。2、可以預約洗衣時間。3、自擬其它功能。二、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計：（1）設(shè)計思路和分塊設(shè)計：實驗的目的是模仿洗衣機的功能，設(shè)計

3、出洗衣機控制器。包括開關(guān)控制，工作暫停，工作模式的選擇，工作狀態(tài)的顯示，倒計時工作時間并顯示和工作結(jié)束報警等功能。將整個控制器分為7個小模塊，分別是分頻模塊、按鍵模塊、控制器、防抖模塊、報警模塊、點陣顯示和數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出顯示，再將各個模塊連接起來，實現(xiàn)洗衣機控制器功能。分頻模塊：選取主時鐘頻率為1kHz，為了使倒計時輸出為1s的時間周期，需要將主頻率進行1kHz分頻，使得到的頻率為1Hz，輸入給控制器的時鐘。按鍵模塊：有模式選擇、暫停和開始3個按鍵，模式選擇可以選擇5種洗衣模式，當開始按鍵按下并且有模式輸入時，洗衣機開始工作。當暫停按鍵按下時，洗衣機暫停工作并保持當前工作狀態(tài)。防抖模塊：按鍵經(jīng)

4、過防抖后，可以輸出時鐘，去除了毛刺即抖動時鐘。報警模塊：時鐘輸入為1kHz，當洗衣結(jié)束后，報警模塊接收到控制器給它的輸入信號，會以1000Hz的頻率報警，（由于人耳能聽到的頻率為20-20000Hz）持續(xù)5秒后停止。點陣顯示：以1kHz的頻率進行掃描，點陣上可以顯示穩(wěn)定的圖案，在洗衣過程中分別顯示進水、洗衣、漂洗、脫水和甩干5個小狀態(tài)。數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出顯示：控制器將倒計時十位和個位輸出到譯碼器，譯碼電路分別顯示十位和個位，掃描頻率為1kHz，數(shù)碼管可以穩(wěn)定顯示?？刂破鳎嚎刂破魇钦麄€電路的核心模塊，控制各個模塊的連接。時鐘頻率為1Hz，輸出為3個大狀態(tài)（洗衣、漂洗、脫水），用發(fā)光二極管顯示，5個小

5、狀態(tài)，十位個位輸出和報警輸出。用狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移控制各個過程的轉(zhuǎn)換，控制各個小狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，完成各個功能顯示的連接。（2）總體框圖：系統(tǒng)框圖分頻模塊 clk數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出顯示點陣顯示控制器防抖模塊報警模塊按鍵模塊狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移圖開始 001|101011漂洗 010|100 101 101|101洗衣脫水001 010 011|101|100結(jié)束ASM圖開始 輸入狀態(tài) 否狀態(tài)是否為0 開始按鍵輸入 是 否是否開始倒計時時間顯示 否是點陣顯示（5種小狀態(tài)）是否暫停倒計時 二極管顯示（3種大狀態(tài)）暫停時間是否為0 是 是否是否繼續(xù) 是報警 是否有新狀態(tài)否結(jié)束是結(jié)束 否 三、仿真波形及波形分析分頻模塊：clk為10

6、00Hz的時鐘，輸出clkout為分頻后的時鐘，頻率為1Hz。防抖模塊：輸入reset信號有抖動，輸出resetn為無抖動的時鐘。按鍵模塊：輸入pauseclk、startclk、stateclk分別為暫停、開始、模式輸入按鍵，當按下暫停按鍵時，暫停輸出pauseout變?yōu)楦唠娖?，洗衣機工作狀態(tài)保持不變；當按下開始按鍵時，輸出startout變?yōu)楦唠娖?，洗衣機開始工作；當按下模式按鍵時，可以選擇5種工作模式，輸出對應(yīng)5種模式。報警模塊：時鐘clk為1000Hz，為蜂鳴器工作頻率，當輸入信號alarmin為高電平時，輸出alarmout變?yōu)楦唠娖剑S持5秒后變?yōu)榈碗娖?，結(jié)束報警。數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出顯

7、示：clk為1kHz的掃描頻率，gewei、shiwei分別為個位、十位輸入，showout為數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出，十位個位交替顯示，cat控制數(shù)碼管的點亮，分別顯示十位和個位輸出?？刂破鳎簳r鐘clk為1Hz，輸入按鍵信號pause（暫停）、start（開始），洗衣工作模式state，輸出mode為洗衣、漂洗、脫水三個大狀態(tài)，輸出mode_mini為進水、洗衣、漂洗、排水、甩干五個小狀態(tài)，輸出time_gewei、time_shiwei為個位、十位轉(zhuǎn)換為二經(jīng)制的輸出，alarm為報警輸出，當洗衣結(jié)束輸出高電平。四、源程序（1）、分頻模塊entity div isport(clk:in std_log

8、ic; -1kHzclkout:out std_logic -1Hz);end div;architecture div_arch of div issignal t : std_logic;signal count : integer range 0 to 499; -計數(shù)500個周期beginprocess(clk)begin if (clk' event and clk='1') thenif(count=499) -1000分頻then count<=0;t<= not t;else count<=count+1;end if;end if;e

9、nd process;clkout<=t;end;（2）、按鍵模塊entity button isport(stateclk,pauseclk,startclk : in std_logic; -按鍵輸入stateout: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5種模式輸出pauseout,startout : out std_logic -暫停、開始輸出);end button;architecture archi of button isbeginp1:process (stateclk) -5種模式variable cout1: integer ra

10、nge 0 to 5; beginif (stateclk'event and stateclk='1') then cout1 :=cout1+1;if(cout1>5) then cout1 := cout1 mod 5;end if;end if;case cout1 is when 1 => stateout <="001" when 2 => stateout <="010" when 3 => stateout <="011" when 4 => st

11、ateout <="100" when 5 => stateout <="101" when 0 => stateout <="000"end case;end process p1 ;p2:process(pauseclk) -當有按鍵按下，暫停工作，再次按下繼續(xù)工作variable cout2: integer range 0 to 1; begin if (pauseclk'event and pauseclk='1') then cout2:=cout2+1; end if

12、; if(cout2=1) then pauseout<='1' else pauseout<='0' end if;end process p2;p3:process(startclk) -按鍵按下開始工作variable cout3: integer range 0 to 1; begin if (startclk'event and startclk='1') then cout3:=cout3+1; end if; if(cout3=1) then startout<='1' else start

13、out<='0' end if;end process p3;end archi;（3）、防抖模塊entity doudong isport (clk,reset: in std_logic; -clk為1kHz，reset為按鍵信號resetn: out std_logic -防抖后的按鍵信號);end doudong;architecture a of doudong issignal tmp1,tmp2: std_logic; beginprocess (clk)beginif (clk'event and clk='0') then tmp

14、2<=tmp1; tmp1<=reset; end if; end process; resetn<=clk and tmp1 and (not tmp2); end a;（4）、點陣顯示entity dianzhen isport (clk_scan:in std_logic; -1kHz的時鐘掃描頻率condition:in std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5個小狀態(tài)輸入row: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); -行掃描col_R: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); -列掃

15、描（紅色亮）col_G: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) -列掃描（綠色亮）);end dianzhen;architecture arc_dianzhen of dianzhen is signal scan_row: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -行掃描begin p1:process(clk_scan,condition)begin if clk_scan'event and clk_scan='1' thencase condition iswhen"000"=> -進水

16、case scan_row is when "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when "001"=>row<="11011111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01000010"when "010"=>row<="11101111"col

17、_R<="01000010"col_G<="11100010"when "011"=>row<="11110111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="11010010"when "100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01001010"when "101&qu

18、ot;=>row<="11111101"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when others=>row<="11111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"end case;if scan_row="110" or scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000"els

19、e scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if;when"001"=> case scan_row is -洗衣when "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when "001"=>row<="11011111"col_R<="01011010"col_G<="01000010&

20、quot;when "010"=>row<="11101111"col_R<="01100110"col_G<="01000010"when "011"=>row<="11110111"col_R<="01100110"col_G<="01000010"when "100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<="

21、01011010"col_G<="01000010"when "101"=>row<="11111101"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when others=>row<="11111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"end case;if scan_row="110" or

22、 scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000"else scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if;when"010"=> -漂洗case scan_row iswhen "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when "001"=>row<="11011111&

23、quot;col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01011010"when "010"=>row<="11101111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01100110"when "011"=>row<="11110111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01000010"when &quo

24、t;100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="01011010"when "101"=>row<="11111101"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when others=>row<="11111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<

25、="00000000"end case;if scan_row="110" or scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000"else scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if;when"011"=> -排水 case scan_row iswhen "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="1

26、1111110"when "001"=>row<="11011111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="11000010"when "010"=>row<="11101111"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="11000010"when "011"=>row<="11110111"col_R<

27、;="01000010"col_G<="11000010"when "100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<="01000010"col_G<="11111010"when "101"=>row<="11111101"col_R<="01111110"col_G<="01111110"when others=>row<

28、;="11111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"end case;if scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000"else scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if;when"100"=> -甩干case scan_row iswhen "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="

29、;10010000"col_G<="00000000"when "001"=>row<="11011111"col_R<="01010000"col_G<="00000000"when "010"=>row<="11101111"col_R<="00110000"col_G<="00000110"when "011"=>row&

30、lt;="11110111"col_R<="00010000"col_G<="00001001"when "100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<="00110000"col_G<="00001001"when "101"=>row<="11111101"col_R<="01010000"col_G<="0000

31、0110"when "110"=>row<="11111110"col_R<="10010000"col_G<="00000000"when "111"=>row<="01111111"col_R<="00010000"col_G<="00000000"end case;if scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000&

32、quot;else scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if;when others=> -沒有狀態(tài)，不顯示 case scan_row iswhen "000"=> row<="10111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "001"=>row<="11011111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="000

33、00000"when "010"=>row<="11101111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "011"=>row<="11110111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "100"=>row<="11111011"col_R<=

34、"00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "101"=>row<="11111101"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "110"=>row<="11111110"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"when "111"=>

35、;row<="01111111"col_R<="00000000"col_G<="00000000"end case;if scan_row="111" thenscan_row<="000"else scan_row<=scan_row+1;end if; end case;end if;end process p1;end arc_dianzhen;（5）、報警模塊entity alarm isport( clk,alarmin: in std_logic; -

36、clk為1kHz時鐘頻率，alarmin為報警輸入alarmout:out std_logic -報警輸出，持續(xù)時間為5秒);end alarm;architecture a of alarm issignal cnt: integer range 0 to 4999;begin process(clk)beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenif alarmin='1' thenif( cnt/= 4999) then -5秒報警cnt<=cnt+1;alarmout<='1'else alarm

37、out<='0'end if;else cnt<=0;alarmout<='0'end if;end if;end process;end a;（6）、數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出顯示entity ledshow isport(clk: in std_logic; -1kHz掃描頻率shiwei,gewei: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);-十位、個位二進制輸入showout:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0); -數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出cat:out std_logic_vector(5 downto

38、 0) -控制數(shù)碼管依次點亮);end ledshow ;architecture a of ledshow issignal cnt: integer range 0 to 1; -控制個位、十位交替點亮beginprocess(clk,shiwei,gewei)begin if(clk'event and clk='1') then case cnt iswhen 0=>cat<="111101"cnt<=1; -第5個數(shù)碼管顯示十位case shiwei is when "0000"=>showout

39、<="1111110" -0when "0001"=>showout<="0110000" -1when "0010"=>showout<="1101101" -2when "0011"=>showout<="1111001" -3when "0100"=>showout<="0110011" -4when "0101"=>showout

40、<="1011011" -5when "0110"=>showout<="1011111" -6when "0111"=>showout<="1110000" -7when "1000"=>showout<="1111111" -8when "1001"=>showout<="1111011" -9when others=>showout<="

41、;0000000"end case; when 1=> cat<="111110" cnt<=0; -第6個數(shù)碼管顯示個位case gewei iswhen "0000"=>showout<="1111110" -0when "0001"=>showout<="0110000" -1when "0010"=>showout<="1101101" -2when "0011"=

42、>showout<="1111001" -3when "0100"=>showout<="0110011" -4when "0101"=>showout<="1011011" -5when "0110"=>showout<="1011111" -6when "0111"=>showout<="1110000" -7when "1000"=

43、>showout<="1111111" -8when "1001"=>showout<="1111011" -9when others=>showout<="0000000"end case; end case; end if; end process ;end a;（7）、控制器entity control isport(clk,pause,start: in std_logic; -1Hz時鐘頻率，開始、暫停輸入state: in std_logic_vector(2 dow

44、nto 0); -5種模式輸入mode: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -3種大狀態(tài)輸出mode_mini: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5種小狀態(tài)輸出time_gewei,time_shiwei:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);-時間二進制輸出alarm: out std_logic -報警信號);end control;architecture a of control is signal tmp1:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5種小狀態(tài)sig

45、nal tmp2:integer range 0 to 30; -倒計時signal tmp3:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -3種大狀態(tài)signal pre_state:integer range 0 to 4; -轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài)signal tmp5:std_logic; -報警signal cnt:integer range 0 to 8; -報警輸入begin p1:process(clk)begin if(clk'event and clk='1') thenif(start='1') then -有開始信號，開始工作

46、if (pause='0')then -無暫停if(tmp2=0) then -倒計時為0，判斷新狀態(tài) case pre_state is -當前狀態(tài) when 0=> -當前處于開始狀態(tài) if state="001"or state="101" then pre_state<=1; tmp2<=30; elsif state<="011" then pre_state<=3; tmp2<=15; elsif state<="010" or state<

47、;="100" then pre_state<=2; tmp2<=25; end if; when 1=> -當前處于洗衣狀態(tài) if state="101" then pre_state<=2; tmp2<=25; elsif state<="001" thenpre_state<=4; tmp2<=0; tmp5<='1' alarm<=tmp5; end if; when 2=> -當前處于漂洗狀態(tài) if state="101"o

48、r state="100" then pre_state<=3; tmp2<=15; elsif state<="010" then pre_state<=4; tmp2<=0; tmp5<='1' alarm<=tmp5; end if; when 3=> -當前處于脫水狀態(tài) if state="011" or state="100"or state="101"then pre_state<=4; tmp2<=0; t

49、mp5<='1' alarm<=tmp5; end if; when 4=> -當前處于結(jié)束狀態(tài) tmp2<=0; tmp5<='1' alarm<=tmp5; if (tmp5='1') then if (cnt<8) then cnt<=cnt+1; else tmp5<='0' alarm<=tmp5;cnt<=0; end if; elseif state="001" or state="010" or state=&

50、quot;011" or state="100" or state="101" then pre_state<=0; -結(jié)束洗衣后，判斷是否有新狀態(tài) end if; end if; end case;end if; end if; if (tmp2/=0) then -倒計時 tmp2<=tmp2-1; end if;if(pause='1')then -暫停 pre_state<=pre_state; tmp2<=tmp2; end if; end if;end if;end process; p2:p

51、rocess(pre_state)begincase pre_state is -將當前狀態(tài)對應(yīng)到相應(yīng)3個大狀態(tài) when 1 =>tmp3<="001" -洗衣 when 2 =>tmp3<="010" -漂洗 when 3 =>tmp3<="100" -脫水 when others =>tmp3<="000" end case; mode<=tmp3; time_shiwei <= conv_std_logic_vector(tmp2/10,4); -

52、將十進制轉(zhuǎn)為二進制 time_gewei <= conv_std_logic_vector(tmp2 mod 10,4); end process; p3:process(pre_state,tmp2) begincase pre_state is -將每個狀態(tài)對應(yīng)到小狀態(tài)when 1=> if (tmp2 >25) then tmp1<="000" ; -進水 elsif (tmp2>10 and tmp2<=25) then tmp1<="001" elsif (tmp2>5 and tmp2<=

53、10) then tmp1<="011" -洗滌 elsif (tmp2>0 and tmp2<=5) then tmp1<="100" -排水 else tmp1<="111" -甩干 end if;when 2=> if (tmp2 >20) then tmp1<="000" ; -進水 elsif (tmp2>10 and tmp2<=20) then tmp1<="010" -漂洗 elsif (tmp2>5 and

54、 tmp2<=10) then tmp1<="011" -排水 elsif (tmp2>0 and tmp2<=5) then tmp1<="100" -甩干 else tmp1<="111" end if;when 3=> if (tmp2 >10) then tmp1<="011" ; -排水 elsif (tmp2>0 and tmp2<=10) then tmp1<="100" -甩干 else tmp1<=&

55、quot;111" end if;when others =>tmp1<="111" end case; mode_mini<=tmp1;end process;end a;頂層文件library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity laundry isport(clk_main,state,pause,start:in std_logic;-主時鐘，模式、暫停、開始按鍵mode_out:out std_logic_vector(2 dow

56、nto 0);-3種狀態(tài)輸出，用發(fā)光二極管顯示ledshow_out:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);-數(shù)碼管倒計時輸出cat_out:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);-十位、個位交替點亮alarm_out:out std_logic; -報警輸出（持續(xù)5秒）row_out: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);-行掃描col_R_out: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);-列掃描（紅色）col_G_out: out std_logic_vector(7 down

57、to 0)列掃描（綠色）);end laundry;architecture arch_laundry of laundry iscomponent alarm -報警模塊port(clk,alarmin: in std_logic;alarmout:out std_logic);end component;component ledshow -數(shù)碼管譯碼輸出模塊port(clk: in std_logic;shiwei,gewei: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);showout:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);cat:out

58、 std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);end component;component doudong -防抖模塊port(clk,reset: in std_logic;resetn: out std_logic);end component;component div -分頻模塊port(clk:in std_logic;clkout:out std_logic);end component;component dianzhen -點陣模塊port(clk_scan:in std_logic;condition:in std_logic_vector(2 downto

59、0);row: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);col_R: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);col_G: out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);end component;component control -控制器port(clk,pause,start: in std_logic;state: in std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5zhong moshimode: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -3zhong zhuangt

60、aimode_mini: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); -5zhong xiaozhuangtaitime_gewei,time_shiwei:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);alarm: out std_logic);end component;component button -按鍵模塊port(stateclk,pauseclk,startclk : in std_logic;stateout: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);pauseout,startout : out std_logic);end component;signal clk11,cn1,cn2,cn3,cn4,cn5,cn6:std_logic; -連接線s