(漢英翻譯)第九講 連動(dòng)式和兼語式的翻譯

1、精選ppt第九講連動(dòng)式和兼語式的翻譯精選ppt 一、連動(dòng)式的譯法漢語連動(dòng)式的特點(diǎn)是： 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞與同一個(gè)主語發(fā)生主謂關(guān)系。連動(dòng)式的這兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作、行為，在順序上不能變動(dòng)。精選ppt 連動(dòng)式的動(dòng)詞之間雖然沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，但在意義上卻有一定的關(guān)系：有的表示目的與手段，有的表示原因與結(jié)果，有的只表示行為動(dòng)作的先后。因此，在翻譯連動(dòng)式時(shí)，首先根據(jù)英語的特點(diǎn)，將表示主從關(guān)系的連動(dòng)式的主要?jiǎng)釉~翻譯成英語的謂語，將其他動(dòng)詞翻譯成不定式、分詞、介詞或介詞短語。如果連動(dòng)式里的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞只表示動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系，則按照動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后，翻譯成幾個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞。精選ppt一、表示先后關(guān)系的連動(dòng)式

2、通常將幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞譯成謂語動(dòng)詞，按照原文的次序，用and 加以連接。這是翻譯連動(dòng)式的最基本的方法。1、他把書接過來擺在桌子上。 He took the book and laid it on the desk.2. 這個(gè)軍官放下杯子站了起來。 The officer put down his glass and stood up.精選ppt3. 他打開抽屜拿出詞典來。 Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.4. 他到火車站發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。 Arriving at the station, he found that the train had

3、 left.5. 她備好了課開始寫日記。 Having prepared her lessons, she began to write up her diary.表示動(dòng)作先后的連動(dòng)式，第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞也可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯。如：精選ppt二、表示“手段、目的”關(guān)系的連動(dòng)式，翻譯 時(shí)通常是把前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，即表示手段的詞翻譯成謂語，而后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞即表示目的的詞，則用不定式譯成目的狀語。精選ppt1. 老漢下意識(shí)地舉起手來搔他那光禿禿的頭頂。 The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.2. 去年我和弟弟回鄉(xiāng)去看朋友。

4、Last year I went home with my brother to visit our friends.3. 他到班長(zhǎng)那里請(qǐng)了個(gè)假。 He went to the squad leader to ask for a leave.精選ppt 在表示目的、手段的連動(dòng)中，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可以用含目的的介詞來翻譯。1. 他回房間去取鑰匙。 He went back to his room for the key.2. 這年頭，誰敢下鄉(xiāng)去收租米？ Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days?精選ppt三、有些連動(dòng)式，前一個(gè)

5、動(dòng)作表示后一個(gè)動(dòng)作的方式、狀態(tài)，兩者形成主從關(guān)系。在翻譯時(shí)，通常把后一個(gè)動(dòng)作用限定動(dòng)詞譯成謂語，前一個(gè)動(dòng)作譯成分詞或介詞短語。如：1. 他們熱烈鼓掌歡迎來賓。 They welcomed the guests with warm applause.精選ppt2. 不久，他捧著那本書回來了。 Very soon he came back, holding that book in his hand.3. 她已經(jīng)洗完了衣服，坐在小溪邊的石頭上撩起布衫揩臉上的汗。 She had already finished washing. Seated on a stone beside the strea

6、m, she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.精選ppt 但是，連動(dòng)式的翻譯要根據(jù)英語習(xí)慣，靈活掌握，有時(shí)也可以用其他方法。例如:1. 他站在門口笑。 He stood at the door, grinning.*如果翻譯成 “she grinned , standing at the door”就不合乎習(xí)慣。2. 人民起來反抗壓迫。 The people rose against oppression.3. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)起來捍衛(wèi)真理。 We should come forward in defense of truth.精選ppt練習(xí)：翻譯下列

7、句，注意連動(dòng)式謂語的譯法。1、他拉過一把椅子放在客人的后面。2、第二天早上，他到鎮(zhèn)上借錢買茶葉。3、他解開大襟上的紐扣，又抓著衣角扇了幾下，站起來回家去。4、她抱住女兒的頭痛哭著。5、她腋下夾著幾本書回來了。6、我要帶著孩子到街上走走。7、暑假里他乘火車到西安去參觀。8、他打發(fā)兒子到城里去買些酒來。精選ppt 二、 兼語式的譯法 兼語式語句的句法特點(diǎn)： 謂語有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語又 是后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語，前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不共一個(gè)主語。精選ppt翻譯方法翻譯方法：一、 按英語的SVOC句型把兼語的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成英語的賓語補(bǔ)足語。 當(dāng)兼語式的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是 “使、讓、叫、請(qǐng)、勸、派、要求、迫使、號(hào)

8、召、鼓勵(lì)、禁止”等時(shí)，譯成英語后，很多情況下，其賓語補(bǔ)足語是有動(dòng)詞不定式來充當(dāng)?shù)?。如：精選ppt1. 虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2. 我們都勸他戒煙。 We all advised him to give up smoking.精選ppt 有時(shí)英語的賓語補(bǔ)足語也可由介詞來充當(dāng)。如:1. 他迫使對(duì)方處于守勢(shì)。 He drove his opponent into a defensive position.2. 解放前環(huán)境迫使他行乞。 Before lib

9、eration circumstances forced him into begging.3. 地震使所有的房子都成了廢墟。 The earthquake reduced all the houses to ruins. 精選ppt1. 黨是能夠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)農(nóng)民走上社會(huì)主義道路的。 The party is capable of leading the peasants along the socialist road.2. 檢票員領(lǐng)他到座位上。 The usher took him to his seat.兼語式的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是 “領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、率領(lǐng)、組織”等詞語，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞只能翻譯成介詞短語，才符合英

10、語習(xí)慣。如：精選ppt3. 他們組織工人參加了工會(huì)。 They have organized the workers into trade unions. 在翻譯這類兼語式時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語有時(shí)還可以用形容詞、副詞或分詞。如:精選ppt1. 你媽媽叫你馬上回去。You mother wants you back home at once.2. 我們必須使房子保持整潔。We must keep the room clean and tidy.3. 什么使你這樣激動(dòng)？What made you so excited?有時(shí)還可以用名詞。如: 我們選他為區(qū)人民代表。1. We elected him a

11、deputy to the district peoples congress.精選ppt2. 我們推他為領(lǐng)袖。 We made him our leader. 此外，兼語式的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是表示生理上感覺的動(dòng)詞，也可以按照英語SVOC的句型來翻譯。例如：1. 他覺得房子在搖動(dòng)。 He felt the house shaking.2. 我們可以聽到孩子們?cè)谕饷嫱妗?We could hear the children at play outside.精選ppt二、英語中有大量的含有“致使、促成”意義的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)為了句子簡(jiǎn)潔有力，往往利用這類動(dòng)詞來翻譯。如：1. 這真叫我吃驚！ It surp

12、rised me!2. 這會(huì)使孩子們高興的。 That will please the children.3. 這暴行使全世界公眾輿論感到震驚。 This outrage shocked the world.精選ppt三、有些兼語式結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主語中充當(dāng)句子的一個(gè)成分。這種兼語式結(jié)構(gòu)只能翻譯成一個(gè)以具有動(dòng)詞意義的名詞為中心詞的短語。例如：1. 黨中央動(dòng)員和組織邊區(qū)各方面力量進(jìn)行抗日贏得了全國(guó)人民的高度贊揚(yáng)。 The Party Central Committees mobilization and organization of the Border Regions capacities to

13、make war against the Japanese won high praise from the people throughout the country.精選ppt2. 他支持美國(guó)占領(lǐng)伊拉克使得亞洲人民更加反對(duì)他的政府。 His support for American occupation of Iraq has turned the Asian peoples against his government all the more.精選ppt四、兼語式的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是 “責(zé)怪、埋怨、批評(píng)、表?yè)P(yáng)”等，往往可將第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞翻譯成英語的狀語或狀語從句。如：1. 報(bào)上批評(píng)這位作家沒

14、有真實(shí)地反映生活。 Newspapers criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.精選ppt2. 指揮員表?yè)P(yáng)他有勇氣。 The commander praised him for his courage.3. 他責(zé)備孩子遲遲不回家。 He reproached his child for staying out late.精選ppt五、有時(shí)也可按照上下文和英語習(xí)慣靈活翻譯。如:1. 我勸你還是投案自首，以求寬大處理。 Youd better surrender

15、yourself to the police in hope of being accorded lenient treatment.2. 當(dāng)局應(yīng)該禁止該影片上映。 The film came under the ban of censor.精選ppt練習(xí):翻譯下列句，注意兼語式結(jié)構(gòu)的譯法。翻譯下列句，注意兼語式結(jié)構(gòu)的譯法。1、該國(guó)政府敦促國(guó)際社會(huì)向逃到該國(guó)的難民提供人道主義救援。2、安理會(huì)決定向該地區(qū)派維和部隊(duì)制止沖突升級(jí)。3、國(guó)際奧委會(huì)選定這個(gè)城市為下界奧運(yùn)會(huì)的會(huì)址。4、他們認(rèn)為她是全國(guó)人大代表的合適人選5、該書融學(xué)術(shù)性、知識(shí)性、趣味性于一體，并有插圖照片，可供廣大戲曲、影視、美術(shù)、文學(xué)、

16、社會(huì)學(xué)和民俗學(xué)工作者參考。精選pptEx.1:1. He drew up a chair and put it behind the guest.2. The next morning he went into town to borrow money for buying tea.3. He unfastened his jacket and swung its opened edges back and forth a few minutes to fan himself.4. Then he stood up and started for home.5. Hugging her dau

17、ghter, she broke down completely.精選ppt6. He came back home with some books under his arm.7. Ill take my child to the street for a walk.8. He went to Xian for a visit during the summer vocation.9. He sent his son to town to buy some wine.精選pptEx2:1. The government appealed to the world community for

18、providing humanitarian relief aid to the refugees who fled to its country.2. The Security Council decided to send a peace-keeping force to prevent the escalation of conflicts in that area.3. The International Olympic Committee has selected this city as the site for the coming Olympic Games.4. They regard her as the right candidate f