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1、*2010 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)試題答案與解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best
2、160;one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemicon June 11,
3、0;2009. It is the first worldwideepidemic_1_ by the WorldHealthOrganization in 41 years.The heightened alert _2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva thatconvened after a
4、 sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_3_in Britain, Japan, Chileand elsewhere.Butthe epidemicis "_4_"inseverity,accordingto MargaretChan, theorganization's director general, _5_
5、the overwhelming majority of patients experiencingonly mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _6_ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7_in late April
6、 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed anunusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_8_healthy adults. As much ofMexico City shut down at the height of a panic,
7、0;cases began to _9_in New York City, thesouthwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_10_warmer weather arrived. But inlate
8、160;September 2009, officials reported there was _11_flu activity in almost every stateand that virtually all the_12_tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1,
9、;notseasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_13_more than one million people, and caused more than600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflufor childre
10、n from the national stockpile andbegan_15_orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, whichis different from the annual flu vaccine, is _16_
11、60;ahead of expectations. More than threemilliondoses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those_17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,
12、;which is not_18_for pregnantwomen, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other*_19_. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in o
13、ther high-risk group: health careworkers, people _20_infants and healthy young people.1 A criticized2 A proceeded3 A digits4 A moderate5 A with6 A progress7 A reality8. Aover9
14、 A stay up10 A as11 A excessive12 Acategories13 A imparted14 A released15 A placing16 A feasible17 A prevalent18 A presented19 A problems20 A involved inB appointedB
15、;activatedB numbersB normalB inB absenceB phenomenonB forB crop upB ifB enormousB examplesB immerseB relayedB deliveringB availableB principalB restrictedB issuesB caring forCcommentedC followedC
16、 amountsC unusualC fromC presenceC conceptC amongC fill upC unlessC significantC patternsC injectedC relievedC takingC reliableC innovativeC recommendedC agoniesC concerned withD designatedD
17、;promptedD sumsD extremeD byD favorD noticeD toD cover upD untilDmagnificentD samplesD infectedD remainedD givingD applicableD initialD introducedD sufferingsD warding offSection Reading co
18、mprehensionPart AText 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale”of 56 works by Damien Hirst,“ Beautiful Inside My
19、 Head Forever ,at Sothebys in London onSeptember 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by asingle artist. It was
20、a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.*The world art market had
21、 already been losingmomentum for a while after risingbewilderinglysince 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons ClareMcAndrew, founder of Arts Economic
22、s, a research firm double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond itssize b
23、ecause it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in away matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hir
24、st s sale, spending of any sort became deeplyunfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss ofthousands of jobs and t
25、he financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world thatmeant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell bytwo-thirds,
26、and in the most overheated sector for Chinese contemporary art they were down bynearly 90% in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world?s two biggest a
27、uction houses,Sotheby?sand Christie?s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placedworks for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market
28、is the worst since the Japanese stopped buyingImpressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the marketsince the Second World
29、;War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on theirpeak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie?s chiefexecut
30、ive, says:“ I?m pretty confident we?re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different fromthe last, he says, is that there are still buyers in themarket, whereas in
31、the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand eventhough many collectors wanted to sell. Christie s revenues in the first half of 2009 we
32、re stillhigher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special reportsaid that the biggest problem at the moment is not a l
33、ack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds death, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone whodoes not have
34、60;to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.”21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“ a last victory because _.A. the art
35、160;market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterp
36、ieces*D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis9.By saying “ spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable ” (Line 1-2,Para.3), theauthor suggests
37、that_.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashio
38、n had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying10. Which of the following statement
39、s is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went&
40、#160;downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.11. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A. auction houses ' favor
41、itesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists12. The most appropriate title for this text could be _A. Fluctuation of Art Price
42、sB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room a women's gr
43、oup thathad invited men to jointhem. Throughout the evening one man had been particularlytalkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him
44、160;on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbandsdon't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement.
45、;He gestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true," he
46、60;explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep*the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This ep
47、isode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than womenin public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking
48、havoc withmarriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. SociologistCatherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk"
49、 that most of the women sheinterviewed but only a few of the men gave lack of communication as the reason for theirdivorces. Given the current divorce rate
50、0;of nearly 50 percent , that amounts to millions of cases inthe United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints fr
51、om women about their husbands most often focused not ontangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to hisor doing
52、;far more than their share of daily life-supportwork like cleaning, cooking, socialarrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me.&qu
53、ot; "Hedoesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few
54、160;husbands share this expectation of theirwives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of aman sitting at the breakfas
55、t table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a womanglares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation
56、of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase“ wreaking havoc ” (Line 3,Para.2)most
57、0;probablymeans _ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure*13. All of the following are true EXCEPT_A. men tend to talk more in public
58、160;than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be&
59、#160;more talkative at home than her spouse14. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by s
60、ociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are diff
61、erent.15. In the followingpart immediately after this text, the author will most probably focuson _A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed descriptio
62、n of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the p
63、ast decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars whencusto
64、mers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in responseto a carefully designed set of daily cues.“ There are fundamental public health
65、;problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, thatremain killers only because we can t figure out how to change people s habits,” Dr. Curtis said.“ We wa
66、nted to learn fromprivate industry how to create new behaviors that happenautomatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive andUnilever had&
67、#160;invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumerslives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you?ll f
68、ind that many of the products we use every daychewing gums,skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants,*colognes, teeth whiteners,&
69、#160;fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. Acentury ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multipletimes a day. Today, because ofcanny advertising and
70、60;public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearlywhites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few
71、 decades ago, many people didn?t drink water outside of a meal . Then beveragecompanies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthink
72、inglysip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is nowfeatured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use
73、 after a meal. Skinmoisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing andputting on makeup.“ Our products succeed when they b
74、ecome part of daily or weekly patterns,” said CarolBerning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company thatsold $76 billion of Tide,
75、160;Crest and other products last year.“ Creating positive habits is a hugepart of improving our consumers? lives, and it?s essential to making new products commerciallyviable.”Thr
76、ough experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As&
77、#160;thisnew science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used tosell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.
78、;Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap_.A should be further cultivatedB should be changed graduallyC are deeply rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32. Bottled
79、60;water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so asto_A reveal their impact on people s habitsB show the urgent need of daily necessities
80、C indicate their effect on people s buying powerD manifest the significant role of good habits*16. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help
81、;create people s habits?ATideB CrestC ColgateD Unilever17. From the text we know that some of consumer s habits are developed due to _Aperfected art of productsBautomati
82、c behavior creationCcommercial promotionsDscientific experiments18. The author s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people s habits is_A indifferentB negativeC positiveD
83、;biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of
84、0;age and literacy areequally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representativecross section of the community; that no citizen should
85、 be denied the right to serve on a jury onaccount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verd
86、icts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather
87、 than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electingrepresentatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, j
88、ury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibit
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