一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)用法講解

1、一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的定義一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間副詞tomorrow,soon 或短語(yǔ) next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語(yǔ)。如：What will you do this afternoon ？ 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我們明天要開(kāi)會(huì)。He is going to study abroad（到國(guó)外）next year. 明年他要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。2. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及應(yīng)用(1) shall

2、/ will + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特別是表示客觀性的事情或在某條件下要發(fā)生的事情，只能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。如：What shall we do if he doesn如果t他come?不來(lái)，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空嗎？I think he will tell us the truth （真相）。 我想他會(huì)告訴我們真實(shí)情況的。(2) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示已經(jīng)計(jì)劃或安排好了的事情，也可表示有跡象表明肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discu

3、ss（討論） the matter this evening. 今天晚上開(kāi)會(huì)討論這件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon.看一看那邊的烏云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要舉行一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。(3) be + 現(xiàn)在分詞。 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這個(gè)句型中動(dòng)詞主要是瞬間動(dòng)詞：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, d

4、ie, join, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and I m coming走前.面一點(diǎn)吧，我就來(lái)。The dog is dying. 那條狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快點(diǎn)，商店就要關(guān)門(mén)了。(4) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種嚴(yán)格按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。比方說(shuō)，上課、飛機(jī)起飛、火車(chē)離站等。如：Don t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回憶八點(diǎn)過(guò)一刻開(kāi)始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽車(chē)四點(diǎn)返回。鞏固練習(xí)：一、用所給動(dòng)詞的

5、適當(dāng)形式填空1. Li Lei tells me he _(visit)the Great Wall（長(zhǎng)城）this weekend.2. My mother _(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.3. She says she _(leave)soon.4. We _(go) skating if it doesn t rain next Sunday.5. There _(be)an English evening next week.6. Think over, and you _(get)a good idea.7. _Jim _(have)

6、a picnic next Monday? -No, he _.8. I _(miss)you after you leave here.9. Who _(teach)you English next year10. He _ (be) back in three hours.11. Look at these clouds. It _ (rain).二、改錯(cuò)：每處劃線中有錯(cuò)誤，在題后改正1. He will sing and dances for us tomorrow.2. Are you going to swim? -Yes, I will.3. He will help Jim wi

7、th his English every day.4. Will her sister sings a song for me tomorrow?5. They willn tplant trees next week.6. Are they going to plays basketball tomorrow?7. Will we go to visit the factory tomorrow?8. Paul will be going to make dumplings for Emma.9. Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month

8、? -Yes, they will.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Jim is going to play football tomorrow.Mary will clean the windows next week.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句： _兩回答：_特殊疑問(wèn)句：_四、選擇題()1. Are you going to _ our English team?( Yes, I am.A. take part inB. joinC. took part inD. joined)2. Xu Xia and her teammates are _ the USA next week.A. leaving forB.

9、 leave forC. leaveD. left)3. There _ an English party in our class next week.A. is going to haveB. is going to beC. will haveD. Have) 4. If it _ tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. isn t rainB. don t rainC. doesn t rainD. won t rain)5. There _ a football match next week. Shall we go and watch it?A.

10、will haveB. hasC. haveD. will be“ Would you mind doing ”句型透視mind用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣后接動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作賓語(yǔ)，而不接動(dòng)詞不定式，常用于Wouldyou mind doing ？句型中，具體用法是：1. “ Would you mind doing ？”句型常用于表示請(qǐng)求，意思是“請(qǐng)你做 你是否介意？、請(qǐng)你做 好嗎？”，是一種比較客氣的表達(dá)方式。如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room？請(qǐng)你把房間里的燈關(guān)掉好嗎？如果要表示“請(qǐng)你不要做 你是否介意？、請(qǐng)你不要做 好嗎？”，只需要

11、在doing 前面加上not.如：Would you mind not standing in front of me ？請(qǐng)你不要站在我的前面好嗎？2. 如果同意，表示不介意時(shí)，可用如下用語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)：Certainly/Ofcourse not./Notat all./No ， not at all； 如果不同意，表示介意時(shí)，常用“ Sorry/I m sorry. ”（對(duì)不起）及陳述某種理由來(lái)表示拒絕或反對(duì)。如： Would you mind going to the movies this evening？今晚去看電影好嗎？ I m sorry. But I haven t finished

12、 my homework yet.對(duì)不起，我的作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還要注意：1. “ Would you mind doing ？”句型would中的 也可用 do 代替，但語(yǔ)氣較生硬，不如用 would 客氣。2. “ Would you mind doing ？”句型中的邏輯主語(yǔ)只能是談話的對(duì)方y(tǒng)ou.如果想要對(duì)方允許自己做某事，可用“Would you mind my doing ？”句型，如：Would you mind my smoking here？你介意我在這里吸煙嗎？鞏固練習(xí)：一、用下面提供的短語(yǔ)完成句子。1. help me wash my clothesWould you

13、 mind _ ？2. give her a cup of teaWould you mind _ ？3. help him mend his carDo you have _ ？4. walk on the roadWould you mind _ on the road？二、選擇題()1. Would you mind _ us in the game? Not at all.A. joiningB. joinC. join inD. joining in()2. Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday? I d love

14、 to. But I _ play table tennis against Class Three.(A. am going B. am going to C. am D. going to )3. Would you mind _here? I m sorry about that. IA. no smokingB. not smoking ll go somewhere else.C. no smokeD. not smokehad better 用法詳解1. had better的基本用法特點(diǎn)其意為 “最好 ”、 “應(yīng)該 ”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should 用法相似，其中的had

15、 通常縮略為d：You d better get some sleep你最好去睡一會(huì)兒。We had better go before it rains.我們最好在下雨前就去。2. had better 如何構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式構(gòu)成否定式時(shí)，通常將not 置于 had better 之后 (而不是 had 之后 )；而構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式時(shí)，則通常將had(而不是 had better)置于主語(yǔ)之前：I d better notdisturb him 我最好別去打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦?練習(xí)題()1. I m afraid you have a cold. Yo

16、u d better go to see a doctor. _A. No, I have no time.B. That s aodgoidea.(C. It s very kind of you. )2. I m fat. What should I do?D. I m sorry to hear that. You d better eat _ meat and _ fruits.A. less; moreB. less; lessC. more; lessD. more; more()3. You had better ask your brother _ playing comput

17、er games. It s bad for him. A. to give up B. not to give up C. to give it up D. not give it up()4. I have a stomachache. What should I do? You _ drink sweet water and _ eat sweet food.A. had better not; shouldn C. had better; had bettertB. should; had betterD. shouldn t; should()5. I have a toothach

18、e. You should _.A. drink lots of water B. take a restC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), need (needed),ought to 等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一、can, could1. 表示能力（體力、知識(shí)、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（體力）Mar

19、y can speak three languages（.知識(shí)）Can you skate?（技能）2.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you can t.此時(shí)可與may 互換。在疑問(wèn)句中還可用could,might代替，不是過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, I m afraid not. )3.表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。They ve changed the timetable, so we can

20、go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4.表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This can t be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1. 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might 比 may 語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去式。否定回答時(shí)可用can t或 mustn t ，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustn t.- May/Migh

21、t I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you can t / mustn t. )用 May I.？征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.？在口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。2.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3. 表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問(wèn)句）。might 不是過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1. 表示必須、必要。You

22、must come in time.在回答引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的， 不能用mustnt（禁止，不準(zhǔn)），而用needn t,don t have to（不必.）- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you don t have to / you needn t.2. must 是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而 have to 則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，haveto 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。1） he play isn t interesting, I really must go now.2） I ha

23、d to work when I was your age.3.表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）1） You re Tom s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2） Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 need1.need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, oughtto, should 代替。1） You needn t come so early.2）- Need I finish the work today?- Y

24、es, you must. / No, you needn t.2. need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。而need 后面只能接帶to 的不定式。He needs to finish his homework today.五、shall, should1.shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。What shall we do this evening?2.shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1）.You shall fail if you don t work) hard.(警告2）He shall have the book when I

25、finish it.( 允諾 )3）He shall be punished.(威脅 )六、will, would1.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2.表示意志、愿望和決心。1）. I will never do that again.2.） They asked him if he would go abroad.3. would 表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to 正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。1）. During the vacation, he w

26、ould visit me every other day.2）. The wound would not heal.七、should1.should 表示“應(yīng)該”1）. I should help her because she is in trouble.2.表示推測(cè)should , (客觀推測(cè) ), must(主觀推測(cè) )。1）.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家 )2）He ought to/should be home by now.( 不太肯定 )3） This is where the oil must be.(直爽 )4）This is where

27、the oil ought to/should be.( 含蓄 )練習(xí)題()1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?_A. YouC. No, I re welcome. m busy.B. Sure, go ahead.D. Yes, you must.()2. Must I take part in the activity? No, you _. You re too young. You should lookyourselfafter.(A. mustntB. don)3. May I watch TV, Mom?tC. cantD. do

28、n t have to I m afraid you _.A. should notB. cantC. must notD. may not()4. Must we keep the window _ all the time? No, you don t have to.A. openingB. openedC. to open)5. Must I take the medicine every day?D. open No, you _.(A. must B. mustn t C. needn t )6. My mother is ill. I _ stay at home to take

29、 care of her. A. can B. may C. have toD. cantD. maybe()7. May I use your dictionary, Lily? Sure, _.A. go aheadB. you can ask BillC. you cantD. that s all right反身代詞用法歸納一、反身代詞的基本形式反身代詞是oneself 根據(jù)所指詞的人稱、 性別、單復(fù)數(shù)等的變化可以有myself, himself, herself,yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves等形式。二、 one

30、self 與 himself當(dāng) one 指人時(shí)，其相應(yīng)的反身代詞通常用oneself, 在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也可用himself：One should not praise oneself himself.一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該自吹自擂。三、反身代詞的句法功能：1. 用作同位語(yǔ) (加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語(yǔ)氣，緊放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man. 馬丁親自照顧病人。2. 用作賓語(yǔ) (動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ) )：Take good care of yourself. 照顧好自己。Sh

31、e could not make herself understood. 她不能使別人聽(tīng)懂她的話。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭著哭著睡著了。3. 用作表語(yǔ)The poor boy was myself. 那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我們自己。代詞列表人稱代詞人稱代詞形容詞性名詞性反身代詞主格賓格物主代詞物主代詞Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyourselvessheh

32、erherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves主格做主語(yǔ)賓格做賓語(yǔ)放在名詞前替代形代 + 名詞by 后接放在動(dòng)詞介詞不可單獨(dú)用不可與名詞連反身代詞后用()1. He plays basketball so well! Who taught _? He learnt it by _.A. him; himB. himself; himselfC. him; himselfD. himself; him要求四會(huì)的單詞名詞體育運(yùn)動(dòng)teammatchfootballtennisbasebal

33、lskatingrowingcyclingbasketballsoccer人物或稱謂類personplayermusicianscientistpilotpolicemanpolicewomanpostmanfishermanherograndfathergrandmothergrandparents物品類basketcuppapergoldrecordbrushring處所類grasstheatre/theatermuseumfactory身體健康類bodyhealthtoothacheheadachefevercoughstomachacheillnessmedicineheart食品飲料

34、類coffeeteacandyfruitsugartomato+espotato+essaltwatermelonsandwichstrawberrybeefbiscuitmeal時(shí)間類agecenturyweekend文化信息類informationwebsiteInternetdictionaryknowledgemessagepassageculture其他showerfactcareadvice(a piece of advice)newspityarticlesmokeriskquestionhabitworldwarintroductionnotesmilepeacesouthmi

35、ddletaxianswerlittervoice scorelinephoneexampleskillpointchancesuggestionmindsidedreamfuturefriendshipjumppart形容詞或副詞weak strongleast mostpopular unpopularhealthy =fit illfat thindirty cleanuseful uselessdark brighthungry fulldead alivecheap expensive=deartrue lsefacorrectwrongpossible impossiblequit

36、eexcited/excitingtired/tiringcertainlybadlyreallyfinallyevenfamousmadangrymainsuccessfulenoughterribleseriousstillfunnyactivemodernnecessary動(dòng)詞：wincheerrowjoinskatecycledreamgrowspendjumprelaxleavekickpassthrowfightenjoy/practice/ finish/ mind+doing sth.advisekillinventbecomefollowholdscorepointhithe

37、arringstandfeelbreakrecordsuggestliftboilbrushliecrycarecheckworrycausesmoketasteforceriskbuildhappen介詞againstthroughwithoutoffexcept詞組薈萃名詞詞組table tennisice creamthe day after tomorrowpotato chipsfirst aidday and nightrelay race動(dòng)詞詞組cheer.ongrow upbe good forbe good at=do well in dobadly intake part

38、inleave forfall illgive sb. a handdo one s best=try one s bestbe angry withcome into beingstand forhave a coldworry aboutgo aheadbuild sb. upkeep fitshout at sb.talk aboutlie downtake care of介詞詞組及其他for exampleat leastin factas.as possibleinthe futureon the other handinstead ofall overat first課本中出現(xiàn)的詞

39、組或搭配歸納be able tobe surebe interested insee sb. do/doing sthjoin the school rowing teamjoin sbspend . doing sththe high jumpthe long jumpturn . into.makesb./sth. +adj.all over the worldhelp sb. do sthplay againsthave funthe most popular sportsstop sb from doing sth.such as/for examplehundreds of year

40、sthe boys 800-meter racelots of = a lot ofmake friends with sb.win the first placenext timelook/ get well/bettertake one s advicetake medicinetake/have a bathhave/take a restfeel like doing sth.fall downhave a good restgive upgo upgo outnothing seriousdo morning/eye exercisesshow sb. sth.= show sth.

41、 to sb.stay uptell/ask sb to do sth.too much重句大本營(yíng)1. What are you going to do? I m going to play basketball.2. Would you like to come and cheer us on?Sure， I d love to.3. Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing? I prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing team? Yes, I am./ No, I

42、m not.5. What s your favorite sport, _ ? Basketball, of course.6. Who s your favorite player? LeBron James.7. What are you going to be when you grow up? I m going to be a scientist.8. Why do you like playing soccer?Because it makes him strongand it s popular all over the world.9. _, could you help m

43、e(=give me a hand), please?Sure.10. Will you join us? I d be glad to.11. Would you mind teaching me?Not at all. You can do it!12. Would you mind not putting your bike here? Sorry. I ll putsomewhereit else.13. _, I am sorry for what I said.賓(語(yǔ)從句） It s nothing.14. Will you take part in the school spor

44、ts meet?Of course I will.15. Which sport will you take part in? The boys 800-meter race.16. Hello, is _ in ?Speaking.17. What shall we take? We ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.18. Shall I take my camera? Good idea! It ll be fun19.When shall we meet? Let makes it half past six.20.Where shall we meet?At my house.21. Hello, _! You don t look well. What s wrong with youthe matter with you?=What is th