初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(考點(diǎn))大全

1、真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總一詞類(Parts of Speech)2二名詞(Nouns)2三代詞(Pronouns)4四數(shù)詞(Numeral)4五動(dòng)詞(Verb)5六介詞(Prepositions)6七冠詞（Articles）7八形容詞（The Adjective）8九句子的種類(Kinds of Sentences)9十一般疑問(wèn)句和 特殊疑問(wèn)句9考試常用關(guān)鍵詞匯（完備）11一詞類(Parts of Speech)名詞 英文名稱The Noun(縮寫為n.) 表示人或事物的名稱，例詞boy clock book等；代詞 英文名稱The Pronoun(縮寫

2、為pron 用來(lái)代替名詞、形容詞或是數(shù)詞，例詞we that his what；數(shù)詞 英文名稱The Numeral(縮寫為num.) 表示數(shù)量或是順序，例詞one thirteen first；動(dòng)詞 英文名稱The Verb(縮寫為v.) 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，例詞sit go be(am is are);介詞 英文單詞The Preposition(縮寫為prep.)表示名詞、代詞等和句中其他詞的關(guān)系，例詞in on of to under；冠詞 英文名稱The Article(縮寫為art.) 用在名詞前幫助說(shuō)明名詞所指的人和或事物，例詞a(an),the；形容詞 英文名稱The Adject

3、ive(縮寫為adj.) 用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特征，例詞old red fine good；副詞 英文名稱The Adverb(縮寫為adv.) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，例詞not too here very;連詞 英文單詞The Conjunction(縮寫為conj.) 用來(lái)連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)或句與句，例詞and or but；感嘆詞 英文單詞The Interjection(縮寫為interj.) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。 例詞oh hello hi er；二名詞(Nouns)1.總的說(shuō)來(lái),名詞分專有名詞和普通名詞兩類。專有名詞: 表示具體的人,事物,地點(diǎn)或機(jī)構(gòu)的專

4、有名稱。Lucy，China 中國(guó)，Asia 亞洲，Beijing 北京。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫；普通名詞: 表示某些人,某類事物,某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如: teacher 老師，tea 茶，reform 改革，普通名詞又可進(jìn)一步分為四類；1) 個(gè)體名稱: 表示單個(gè)的人和事物。house 馬 car 汽車 room 房間 apple 蘋果 fun 風(fēng)扇 picture 照片 2) 集體名稱: 表示一群人或一些事物的名稱。people 人們 family 家庭 army 軍隊(duì) government 政府 group 集團(tuán) 3) 物質(zhì)名詞:表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小的個(gè)體的物質(zhì)。f

5、ire 火 steel 鋼 air 空氣 water 水 milk 牛奶 4)抽象名詞:表示動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念。labour 勞動(dòng) health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 2.名詞按其所表現(xiàn)的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞(Countable Nouns)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:an apple，two apples，a car，some cars不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns)一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式.抽象名詞, 物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞。 sand 沙 sugar 糖少數(shù)名詞即可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞但含

6、義不同。glass玻璃, glass玻璃杯, paper紙, paper報(bào)紙文件名詞的功能 名詞在句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)助語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)以及名詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主語(yǔ)(書包在桌子里邊) I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作賓語(yǔ)(昨天我洗了我的衣服)This is a good book. book 作表語(yǔ)(這是一本好書)We elected him our monitor. monitor作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)助語(yǔ)(我們選他為我們的班長(zhǎng))Mary lives with her parents. pare

7、nts作介詞賓語(yǔ)(瑪麗和她的父母親住在一起)He is a Party member. Party 作定語(yǔ)(他是一名黨員)They study hard day and night. day and night作狀語(yǔ)(他們白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí))3.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)(the Singular Nunmber)和復(fù)數(shù)(the Plural Number)兩種形式。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分規(guī)則如下:1) 一般情況下,在詞尾加 -s. 例如: bags，maps，pens，desks，workers 2) 以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-es.例如:buses wa

8、tches boxes3) 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加-s.例如:licences blouses oranges4) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es.例如:babies families5) 名詞以 -f 或 -fe 結(jié)尾的,把 -f 或-fe 變成 -ves. bookshelves， wives， knives 注:英語(yǔ)中有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,需要一一記憶常見(jiàn)的有， man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - nice ox - oxen sheep - sheep dear - d

9、ear fish - fish 英語(yǔ)中有些名詞總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 scissors 剪刀 goods 貨物 trousers 褲子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 4.名詞的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)在英語(yǔ)中,名詞的格有三個(gè),主格,賓格和所有格。它們的形式及其變化表示與其他詞的關(guān)系。實(shí)際上, 主格和賓格通過(guò)它在句中的作用和位置來(lái)確定。 The bird is in the tree. 鳥在樹上。 bird 作主語(yǔ), 是主格。 I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一場(chǎng)電影。 film 作賓語(yǔ),是賓格。 名詞的所有格:

10、名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格。 Lu Xun's book is worth reading. 魯迅的書值得一讀。 This is my father's room. 這是我父親的房間。 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞 加's 例詞:Mike's father以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 加' 例詞:the teachers' room不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 加's 例詞:men's women's三代詞(Pronouns)1.人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)第一人稱單數(shù)主格I(復(fù)數(shù)We) 單數(shù)賓格me(復(fù)數(shù)us)第

11、二人稱單數(shù)主格you(復(fù)數(shù)you) 單數(shù)賓格you(復(fù)數(shù)you)第三人稱單數(shù)主格he,she,it(復(fù)數(shù)they) 單數(shù)賓格him,her,it(復(fù)數(shù)them)2.物主代詞(Possessive Pronouns)形容詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)my(復(fù)數(shù)our)形容詞性物主代詞第二人稱單數(shù)your(復(fù)數(shù)your)形容詞性物主代詞第三人稱單數(shù)his,her,its(復(fù)數(shù)their)名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)mine(復(fù)述ours)名詞性物主代詞第二人稱單數(shù)yours(復(fù)數(shù)yours)名詞性物主代詞第三人稱單數(shù)his,hers,its(復(fù)數(shù)theirs)四數(shù)詞(Numeral)表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少

12、的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞(Cardinal Numbers)1 one 2 two 3three 4four 5five 6six11eleven 12twelve 13thirteen 20twenty21twenty-one 40fouty 100one hundred序數(shù)詞（Ordinal Numbers）序數(shù)詞表示事物的順序，往往與定冠詞the連用。fist 1st twentieth 20thsecond 2nd twenty-first 21ththird 3nd thirieth 30thfourth 4nd

13、thirty-ninth 39thfifth 5nd fortieth 40thsixth 6th fiftieth 50thseventh 7th sixtieth 60theighth 8th seventieth 70thnineth 9th ninetieth 80thtenth 10th hundredth 100th eleventh 11th one hundred and first 101sttwelfth 12th五動(dòng)詞(Verb)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(The Simple Present Tense)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),如:He is twelve.She is at hom

14、e.表示經(jīng)常的或是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,如:I go to school at 7:30 every day.表示主語(yǔ)具備的的性格和能力等,如:She like apple.They know English.1.動(dòng)詞be(Verb to be)肯定式I am.否定I am not.肯定式Y(jié)ou are.否定式Y(jié)ou are not.肯定式He/She/It is.否定式He/She/It is not.疑問(wèn)句和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)Am I .?Yes,you are./No,I you are not.Are you.?Yes,I am./No,I am not.2.There be結(jié)構(gòu)"There

15、is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時(shí)"這樣一種句型,大致相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)"某地/某時(shí)有某物/某人"的說(shuō)法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面必須是一致.肯定式:There is(There's)a table in your room.There are(There're)some pencils on the desk.否定式:There is not(There isn't)any cats here.There are not(aren't)any cats here.疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)Is there a ruler in

16、your bag?Yes,there is./No,there is not(isn't).Are there any people in that house?Yes,there are./No,there are not(aren't).考試常用關(guān)鍵詞匯（完備）1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動(dòng)詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí)） 表示越來(lái)越怎么樣 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agr

17、ee with sb 贊成某人 5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個(gè) 世界 7 along with同一道，伴隨 eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹 8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助 向要（直接接想要的東西） eg : ask you f

18、or my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 詢問(wèn)某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在歲時(shí) eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初；的開(kāi)始 15 at the end of +地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候 17 be /feel confident o

19、f sth /that clause +從句 感覺(jué)/對(duì)什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 2 將來(lái)時(shí) 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能夠 eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth

20、 恐懼，害怕 eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視 23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as原級(jí)as 和什么一

21、樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠(yuǎn)離 28 be away from 從離開(kāi) 29 be bad for 對(duì)什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽(yáng)下看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 當(dāng)心；小心 33 be different from 和什么不一樣 34 be famous

22、for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友好 36 be from = come from 來(lái)自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 裝滿的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原） 將來(lái)時(shí) 40 be

23、 good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長(zhǎng), 善于 41 be good for 對(duì)什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb 對(duì)某人有好處 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處 Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處 44 be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中

24、 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 對(duì)某方面感興趣 47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像 eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不見(jiàn)原材料) 51 be made of 由制成(制成以后還看得見(jiàn)原材料) 52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀 54

25、 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表*的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴(yán)于做某事 eg : He's s

26、trict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學(xué)生對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of

27、sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師） 68 be sure that sth 對(duì)做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過(guò)考試 69 be sure to do sth一定會(huì)做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學(xué)好英語(yǔ) 70 be terrified of + 名/動(dòng)doing 害怕 71 be t

28、errified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習(xí)慣上課睡覺(jué) 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句 76 because+句子 because of +短語(yǔ) eg : H

29、e was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開(kāi)始做某事 startwith=beginwith 以什么開(kāi)始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 betweenand 兩者之間 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給什么東西 eg : I borrowed a pen

30、 from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個(gè)問(wèn)題困擾了我?guī)讉€(gè)周了 He's bother

31、ing me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 關(guān)心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什么不關(guān)心國(guó)家的未來(lái) 85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點(diǎn) 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進(jìn)88 come over to 過(guò)來(lái) 89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you

32、come up with a good idea 你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？ 92 dance to 隨著跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂(lè)跳舞 93 decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查 95 do better in 在方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做錯(cuò) 97 D

33、on't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意 99 each +名（單）每一個(gè)eg : Each student has many books 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來(lái) 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來(lái) fall off 從

34、哪摔下來(lái) 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛(ài)上什么 106 far from 離某地遠(yuǎn) eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 108 find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒(méi)有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don

35、't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 fromto 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與

36、某人相處得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 getfrom 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報(bào)告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上學(xué)（用于專業(yè)的）go to the school 去學(xué)校（不一定是上學(xué)） 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 討厭沒(méi)做過(guò)的事 hate doing 討厭做過(guò)的事 129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰(shuí)的晚會(huì) 130 have a talk 聽(tīng)報(bào)告 談一談 131 ha