常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語[新版]

1、.常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語diseases疾病acute diseases急性病advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases傳染病 complicating diseases并發(fā)病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases后天性疾病 contagious diseases接觸性傳染病endemic diseases地方病 epidemic diseases流行病functional diseases機(jī)能病、官能病 infectious diseases傳染病inherite

2、d diseases遺傳病 malignant diseases惡性病nutritional diseases營養(yǎng)病 occupation diseases職業(yè)病organic diseases器質(zhì)性病 paroxysmal diseases陣發(fā)性病periodical diseases周期病 primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)主導(dǎo)病secondary diseases繼發(fā)病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病terminal diseases絕癥 wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chief complaint主訴 clini

3、cal manifestation臨床表現(xiàn)delivery history分娩史 etiology病因?qū)Wfamily history家族史 history, medical history病史precipitating(induced)誘因 marital status婚姻狀況menstrual history月經(jīng)史 menarche初潮menopause閉經(jīng) past history既往史pathogenesis發(fā)病機(jī)制 personal history個(gè)人史 symptoms病癥cardinal symptom主要病癥 classical symptom典型病癥concomitant sy

4、mptom伴發(fā)病癥 constitutional(systemic) symptom全身病癥indirect symptom間接病癥 induced symptom誘發(fā)病癥local symptom局部病癥 mental symptom精神病癥symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom綜合癥，癥候群signs體征antecedent前驅(qū)征 assident (accessory)副征commemorative后遺癥 sign of death死征diagnostic診斷征 sign of disease病征subjective自覺征，主觀征vein sign靜脈征 vi

5、tal sign生命體征body length (height of the body)身高body weight體重 barrel chest桶狀胸cachexia惡病質(zhì) compulsive position被動(dòng)體位critical facies病危面容 emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion瞼內(nèi)翻exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮紅gain (loss) in weight增加減輕體重 lock-jaw牙關(guān)緊閉lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇動(dòng)nystagmus眼震 obesity肥胖pall

6、or蒼白 scolisis脊柱側(cè)凸agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness虛弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo眩暈lassitude, fatigue無力，倦怠 malaise不適night sweat盜汗 numbness麻木rigor, chill寒冷，發(fā)冷 perspiration, sweating出汗pruritus, itching癢， somasthenia軀體無力tingling麻刺感 abscess膿腫acidosis酸中毒 adhesion粘連alkalosis堿中毒 allergy過敏coagulation

7、 defect凝血不良 congestion充血dehydration脫水 distention膨脹edema水腫 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance水電解質(zhì)紊亂gangrene壞疽 hematoma血腫hemorrhage, bleeding出血 infarction堵塞，梗死infection傳染 inflammation炎癥ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis轉(zhuǎn)移perforation穿孔 necrosis壞死shock休克 response反響，應(yīng)答reaction反響，感應(yīng) thrombosis血栓形成ulc

8、eration潰瘍 fever, pyrexia發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱continuous fever稽留熱 intermittent fever間歇熱low-grade fever低熱 remittent fever馳張熱relapsing fever回歸熱 pain痛burning pain灼痛 chest(flank,) pain胸脅腹痛cramp-like pain痙攣性痛 dull, diffused pain彌漫性鈍痛pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to)放射性痛放射到疼痛angina絞痛 cardiac angina心絞痛b

9、ackache背痛 colic絞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛 headache頭痛neuralgia神經(jīng)痛 migraine偏頭痛rebound tenderness反跳痛 somatalgia軀體痛sore throat咽喉痛 stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛 bloody sputum帶血的痰cough咳嗽 dry cough干咳expectoration咳痰 expectoration of blood咳血hemoptysis咳血 anoxia缺氧 apnea呼吸暫停，窒息asthma氣喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dys

10、pnea呼吸困難 hyperpnea hyperventilation過度呼吸，換氣過度hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸淺表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促fetid breath口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊 atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全cardiac arrest心搏驟停 cardiac hypertrophy心臟肥大cyanosis發(fā)紺，青紫 distension of jugular vein頸靜脈怒張

11、extrasystole期外收縮 gallop rhythm奔馬律hemopleura血胸 hepatojugular reflux肝頸靜脈回流hypovolemia循環(huán)血容量減少 palpitation心悸tachycardia心動(dòng)過速 pneumothorax氣胸thrill震顫 absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dull sound濁音 hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鳴音 anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厭食dysphagia吞咽困難 eructation噯氣belch

12、ing噯氣 flatulence氣脹flatus腸胃氣，屁 gaseous distention胃脹氣hematemesis嘔血 hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea惡心 pyrosis胃灼熱regurgitation反胃，回流 thirsty口渴vomiting嘔吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂a(bǔ)scites腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen板狀腹decreased tactile fremitus觸覺性震顫減弱exophageal varices食管靜脈曲張fistula瘺，瘺管 he

13、morrhoid痔hernia疝 hepatomegaly肝腫大intussusception腸套疊 jaundice黃疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌衛(wèi)peristalsis蠕動(dòng) loss of peristalsis蠕動(dòng)消失mass peristalsis總?cè)鋭?dòng)retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕動(dòng) prolapse脫垂prolapse of anus脫肛 rectal prolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛volvulus腸扭轉(zhuǎn) calculus結(jié)石， 石biliary calculus膽結(jié)石

14、vesical calculus膀胱結(jié)石 constipation便秘 defecation排便diarrhea腹瀉 incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia便血 fecal impaction大便嵌塞occult blood潛血 painful straining with defecation排便痛性牽動(dòng)clay colored stools陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡樣嘔吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting嘔糞，吐糞foul fatty stools, s

15、teatorrhea惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools便少而硬tarry (black) stools柏油樣便 anuria無尿burning sensation no urination排尿時(shí)的灼燒感dysurea排尿困難，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting遺尿frequency of urination尿頻micturation排尿uresis, urination, voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria多尿tenesmus里急后重vesical tenesmus排尿時(shí)里急后重uremia coma尿毒癥昏迷u(píng)r

16、gency of urination尿急urinary incontinence尿失禁 aciduria酸尿chyluria乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria糖尿hematuria血尿ketonuria酮尿pneumatinuria氣尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria膿尿 amenorrhea經(jīng)閉，無月經(jīng)dysmenorrhea痛經(jīng)menorrhagia月經(jīng)過多l(xiāng)ochia惡露menorrhea行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多menstruation月經(jīng)uterine contraction子宮收縮 blotch斑點(diǎn)bruise挫傷，青腫acne痤瘡，粉刺desquamation脫皮，

17、脫屑ecchymosis瘀斑loss of skin turgor失去皮膚充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia瘀點(diǎn)，瘀斑pigmentation色素沉著pustule膿皰purpura紫癲red nodule紅結(jié)節(jié)roseola玫瑰疹scar傷疤senile plaque老人斑spider anaioma蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule皮下結(jié)節(jié)urticaria蕁麻疹vesicle小水皰vitiligo白斑 blindness失明blurred vision, visual disturbance視力模糊impaired vision視力下降lacrimation流淚p

18、apilledema視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫photophobia畏光，羞明retinal detachment視網(wǎng)膜脫離 deafness聾hearing loss聽力喪失tinnitus耳鳴epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血impaired smelling嗅覺障礙nasal discharge鼻涕nasal obstruction鼻塞sneeze噴嚏snore打鼾aphonia, loss of voice失音癥hoarseness嘶啞gum bleeding齒齦出血herpes labialis唇皰疹，感冒瘡Kopliks spots科普利克斑lead line of th

19、e gum齦鉛線salivation, drooling流口水straw-berry tongue草莓舌tremulous tongue舌震顫 atrophy萎縮contracture攣縮deformity畸形，變形dislocation脫位fracture骨折closed (simple)fracture無創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compound fracture哆開開放性骨折knock-knee膝外翻opisthotonos角弓反張prosthesis假體spasm痙攣tetany (肌)強(qiáng)直，手足抽搦wrist drop腕下垂 aphasia失語

20、ataxia共濟(jì)失調(diào)coma昏迷consciousness知覺，意識(shí)convulsion抽搐，驚厥delirium譫妄delusion妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻覺hemiplegia偏癱increased intracranial pressure顱內(nèi)壓增高insanity精神錯(cuò)亂loss of orientation定向喪失mania躁狂memory defects, amnesia記憶缺損，遺忘癥paraplegia截癱，下身麻痹projectile vomiting噴射性嘔吐somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡stupor木僵，昏呆tetrapleg

21、ia四肢癱瘓unconsciousness失去知覺yawning打哈欠 crisis危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, .) crisis腦熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒危象failure衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中樞循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸衰竭 diagnosis診斷auscultation聽診inspe

22、ction視診palpation觸診percussion叩診laboratory examination實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查physical examination體格檢查rectal (vaginal) touch直腸陰道指診impression印象tentative diagnosis暫定診斷differential diagnosis鑒別診斷final diagnosis最后診斷prognosis預(yù)后prescription處方incubation (latent) period潛伏期prodromal stage前驅(qū)期incipient stage初期quiescent stage靜止期alleviation減輕，緩和remission緩解attack發(fā)作convalescence (recovery) stage恢復(fù)期rehabilitation康復(fù)r