醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法ppt課件

1、o By Wang Lanyingo Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medial Vocabulary A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with MLI. Target3. N

2、urture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guideIII. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods

3、,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although th

4、ey may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood

5、. What is medical language?Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) tha

6、t join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45 letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉塵病火山硅/矽超顯微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 醫(yī)硅酸鹽沉著病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (發(fā)聲困難), anorexia (

7、厭食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/

8、logyrootrootsuffixCombining formElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootroot心電圖2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronun

9、ciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝細(xì)胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血腫OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia Leukoc

10、ytosis 白細(xì)胞增多Necrosis 壞死Erythrocytosis 紅細(xì)胞增多The Roles of PronunciationMedical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical WordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical termsThe 2nd category

11、(15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabularyCombining formsprefixessuffixescyt/

12、o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument

13、 fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cuttingHow to improve your word poweroI. ConversionoII. derivativeoIII. Compoundingopportunist 條件致病菌條件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophor

14、esis 放射免疫電泳放射免疫電泳（后綴） 透入I.Conversionhost 大批、許多、東道主、大批、許多、東道主、主持人、主持人、 宿主宿主sympathetic block交感神經(jīng)阻滯術(shù)交感神經(jīng)阻滯術(shù)sympathetic nerve交感神經(jīng)交感神經(jīng)cell 隱士的小屋，巢室，隱士的小屋，巢室， 電池，小修道院電池，小修道院 capsule 小盒子，航天艙，小盒子，航天艙，膠囊藥膠囊藥,被膜被膜oreservoir 貯主(zhu)oto protect trachea from collapsing othe uncompromised host ospace occupying l

15、esionoopportunistic infection oTarget therapyII. DerivativeAtypical AsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/ microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologic toleranceimmunomodulationo Prefix: oir- oil- oim-omis-o

16、irregularityo irresistableoillegal, oilliterateoimmature oimmobileoimmodestoimmoralityomisbehavioromisleadomisfortuneomisunderstand oPrefixoDis/dys- dishonesto dysphoniao disordero dyspneao diseaseoin- inexperiencedo insufficiencyo inadequateo inactivatedonone-ononsmokerononelectrolyteononstress tes

17、tononulcer dyspepsiaononspecific immunityononsense mutationononselfo非抽煙者o非電解質(zhì)o無應(yīng)激實(shí)驗(yàn)o非潰瘍性消化不良o(jì)非特異性免疫o無義突變o非自我的oun- ounconditioned reflex 非條件反射oundifferentiated cell leukemia o未分化細(xì)胞白血病 o ounresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎o(hù)unsaturated fatty acid 不飽和脂肪酸ounstable angina 不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛o o oSuffix: n. oreliance oresista

18、nce o existence ocoldness consciousnesso decision ocollisiono inclusionotreatmentoencouragementoAdj. o generouso continuouso miscellaneouso congenital o conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparentlyo substantially oex-oexclusionoexcretion oexhaleoex- presidentoex-wifeoexcludeo排斥o排泄o呼氣o前總統(tǒng)o前妻o排除在外

19、oV.-en.(a.+ en)owhitenowidenofasten(tie)olengthenoshortenoworsenoweakenobrightenolighten o-al n.osurvivalorefusaloarrivaloproposalowithdrawaloremovalo(but not: compose, compromise)III. CompoundingImmunostimulant 免疫興奮藥Polyneuropathy 多神經(jīng)病Polyomavirus 多瘤病毒 syngenesiotransplantation同血統(tǒng)移植術(shù)Traumatic encep

20、halopathy外傷性腦病Cerebrospinal 腦脊髓的Cerebrotomy 腦切開術(shù)Cerebrovascular 腦血管的Cardiomyopathy 心肌病Cardiohepatic 心肝的Cardioinhibitor 心動(dòng)抑制藥Postnasal drip 后鼻滴注Postmenopausal 絕經(jīng)后Organ root combining wordsliver hepato/a- hepatocarcinomalung pulmono- pulmonoaortic kidney reno-/nephro- nephrotoxin heart cardio- cardiov

21、alvularnerve neuro- neurocytomaspleen splen(o) splenemia 脾充血脾充血brain cerebro- cerebrovascularhead cephal(o) cephalosporin P 頭孢菌素Peye ophthalm/ ophthalmoscope 檢眼鏡skin dermo- dermopathy 皮膚病ear oto- otologychest thorac/o- thoracolumbarnose naso- nasoantritis 鼻上頜竇炎鼻上頜竇炎 throat laryngo laryngitis 喉炎喉炎Pha

22、rynx Pharyng pharyngectomy 咽切咽切除除arteri/o artery arteriostenosis 動(dòng)脈狹窄動(dòng)脈狹窄vaso vessel vasodilation描述人體器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon 結(jié)腸前帶posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔靜脈inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲狀腺下動(dòng)脈inter between interatrial 房間的房間的 Intra inside intracellular

23、Endo intra- endocarditisPoly many, much polyarthritisMulti many, much multicuspid 多尖的多尖的Hyper high, extra hypertension hypo- low, less hypotension homo- same homolateral同側(cè)的同側(cè)的 homograft hetero- different heteroantigen 異種抗原異種抗原dys- abnormal dysplasia 發(fā)育不良發(fā)育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困難呼吸困難 dysphonia 發(fā)聲困難發(fā)聲困難counte

24、r- against countercurrent 逆流逆流 countertransport 反向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)反向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) psycho- mental psychology psychiatryelectro- electricity electrosynthesis staphyl/o- 葡萄、懸雍垂葡萄、懸雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒葡萄球菌毒素素 staphyloplasty懸雍垂成形術(shù)懸雍垂成形術(shù) thrombo-血栓血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎血栓性淋巴管炎 thromboendocarditis 血栓性心內(nèi)膜炎血栓性心內(nèi)膜炎meningo-

25、腦膜，腦脊膜腦膜，腦脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 腦脊膜腦脊髓炎腦脊膜腦脊髓炎 meningoencephalitis 腦膜腦炎腦膜腦炎radio- radiation radionuclideangiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影術(shù)放射性核素心血管造影術(shù)immuno- immunity immunosuppressionlympho- lymphoatic lymphocytopenia 淋巴細(xì)胞減少淋巴細(xì)胞減少 Strepto 鏈球菌的鏈球菌的 streptococcus streptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨

26、囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的Syn- combining /together synchromism 同步現(xiàn)象 synchronized sleep 同步睡眠Tri-three tricuspid triphosphate 三磷酸鹽De- removal dehydration 脫水 deceleration 減速 Suffix:-itis inflammation hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多發(fā)性關(guān)節(jié)多發(fā)性關(guān)節(jié)炎炎-tomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy照像術(shù)）照像術(shù)） cephalography 測顱術(shù)測顱術(shù) cardiography 心動(dòng)描記法心動(dòng)描記法- gram imaging cardiogram 心動(dòng)圖心動(dòng)