牛津上海版中考英語專題復習-3-介詞感嘆句閱讀D_學案

1、學科教師輔導學案課程主題：17-3-介詞感嘆句閱讀 D1. 注意介詞固定搭配與漢語表達方式的差異；學習目標2. 掌握常用介詞的固定搭配及各種不同用法考情解析。3. 掌握感嘆句的類型及考點。教學內(nèi)容1.名詞和冠詞的知識回顧一.介詞【知識梳理】1. 介詞的用法介詞用于名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句前，表示與其他成分的關系 介詞可以與名詞、形容詞和動詞搭配表示不同的意義2. 表示時間段的介詞3.表示位置關系、運動方向的介詞第 31 頁4.常用介詞的用法1）about（1）關于例如： They had a discussion about the plan for the new ter

2、m. 他們討論了新學期的計劃（2）大約、差不多例如： He will stay there for about four days. 他要在那里大約待四天。2）as（1）作為例如： He works as a captain on a ship. 他在一艘船上當船長。（2）與 一樣例如： He is the same age as my sister. 他與我姐姐同歲 .3）表示價格、次數(shù)、速度等例如： It was sold at that price. 它是按這個價錢賣的。You must do all this at a time. 你們必須一次做好所有這一切。He drove his

3、car at 50 miles an hour. 他開車以每小時 50 英里的速度行駛。4）by（1）被、由（用于被動語態(tài)）例如： Have you read any novel written by Lu Xun ？你讀過魯迅寫的小說嗎？（2）靠、用、通過（手段、方法）例如： Do you want to send this letter by air mail or by ordinary mail ？ 你是想航空郵寄還是普通郵寄這封信？（3）乘（交通工具）例如： I will go there by bus,then on foot. 我將乘公共汽車然后步行七那兒。5）for（1）表示目

4、的例如： Can you make a cake for me ， mum ？媽媽，你能為我買個蛋糕嗎？（ 2 ）表示原因例如： He did it for two reasons. 他做出這件事出于兩個原因。（3）對 而言，表示對象例如： It is necessary for the students to go to school on time. 對學生來說按時到校是必要的（4）要求得到例如： They often go to their teachers for advice. 他們經(jīng)常去向老師求教。6) from(1) 從 ，來自 例如： This present is from

5、my friend. 這份禮物是我朋友送我的。(2) 用 制造(組成)(看不出原材料)例如： Wine is made from grapes. 紅酒是由葡萄釀制的。7) in(1)用 語言；用 原材料例如： We must write the essay in English 我們必須用英語寫論文。He likes signing his name in blue ink 他喜歡用藍墨水簽名。(2) 表示衣著例如： The lady in red is Miss Wang. 穿紅衣服的這位女士是王老師。(3) 以 形式；以 方式例如： In this way he has worked ou

6、t two maths problems. 他用這種方式已經(jīng)做出兩道數(shù)學難題。8) like 像、似(一樣)。例如： You must never do things like that 你必須永遠不再做那樣的事。9) of(1) 的例如： What's the population of China? 中國的人口有多少？ (2)表示年齡15 歲例如： When she wrote the book, she was only a girl of fifteen 她寫這本書時年僅(3) 中最突出的例如： Of all the subjects,I like maths best 所有的

7、學科中，我最喜歡數(shù)學(4) 表示數(shù)量和種類例如： A group of boys were playing football in the playground. 一群男孩正在操場上踢足球。(5)用制造(組成)(看得出原材料)例如：Our desks and chairs are made of wood 我們的桌椅是木頭做的。10) on(1)通過例如：There will lie a tennis match on Channel 8 tonight 今晚八頻道將有一場網(wǎng)球賽。(2)去路上例如：On his way home, he met his old friend 在回家路上，他遇見

8、了他的老朋友。(3)處于 情況(狀態(tài))中例如：The house is on fire 這房子著火了。(4)關于例如：He will write a book on the history of Beijing 他將寫一本關于北京歷史的書。11) to(1)表示對象例如： I rose and passed the plate to him. 我起身把盤子給他。(2)致使，表示結(jié)果例如： To their joy, they won a prize in the contest. 在競賽中獲獎，使他們很高興12) with1）表示共同關系：和；和例如： I invited him to hav

9、e dinner with me. 我邀請他和我一起吃飯。2）表示工具、手段等；用；被例如： The boy cut the wood with a knife. 男孩用刀刻木頭。3）表示從屬關系：具有、帶有；在身邊例如： The Wright brothers invented the first plane with an engine.萊特兄弟發(fā)明了第一架帶發(fā)動機的飛機。4）表示原因：因為、由于例如： With his help, I passed the test. 在他的幫助下，我通過了測驗。13）without 沒有、不例如： You can ' t go in witho

10、ut a ticket沒. 有票你不能進去。5.形容詞與介詞的搭配be famous for 以 出名be pleased with 對 滿意be interested in 對 感興趣be angry with 對 生氣be late for 遲到be ready for 對 做好了準備be good at 擅長于be proud of 為 感到自豪be busy with 忙于be surprised at 對 感到驚訝6.動詞與介詞的搭配agree with 同意某人意見enter for 報名參加help sb. with 幫助某人operate on 給某人動手術worry abou

11、t 為 擔憂point at 指著clear from清除 pay for 付錢買 protect from保護run after 追趕belong to 屬于prefer to寧可；更喜歡7.慣用詞組中的介詞not at all一點也不in fact 事實上in all 總共（ all ） by oneself 獨自by the way 順便at the moment 此刻in a hurry 匆忙地in charge of 負責in no time 很快from time to time 不時地in time 及時on time 準時8.學習建議：（1）介詞的用法龐雜，學習時要抓住其要害：

12、弄清句子意思、句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析介詞在句子中的成分；（2）掌握大量介詞短語與固定搭配對解題是非常有益處的；（3）巧用圖示例法：對于一些表示方位的介詞，可以借助圖示例進行學習；（4）巧計時間名詞前介詞的用法，如下順口溜：年月周前要用 in，日子前面卻不行；遇到幾號要用 on，上午下午又是 in；要說某日上下午，用 on 換 in 才能行；正午夜晚用 at，黎明用它也不錯；at 也在鐘點前，說 “差”用 to， past表示“過”；多說多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎?！纠}精講】例 1.The giraffe is a tall animal a long neck.A. onB. ofC. withD.

13、 around例 2.Many students ask the Language Doctor some advice and it is really helpful.A. onB. forC. toD. with例 3.Dalian is in the north of China5.9 million people.A. orB. soC. andD. with例 4.The students have about twenty days for Spring Festival every year.A. onB. outC. inD. off【課堂練習】1. -Do you know

14、 the girl over there ?-It is said that it's selfish her to think only herself.A. much, for, ofB. well, for, aboutC. nice, of, overD. well, of, of2. Would you like some coffee or milk?No,thanks. I would rather drink tea milk in itA. thatB. asC. thanD. with3. Mr. James wasn't competitive at al

15、l, and it was not longMs firm went bankrupt.A. afterB. whenC. untilD. before4. Many women in China would like to be dressed red their wedding day.A. in;inB. in;onC. on;onD. on;in5. -Who would you choose as your best friend?-I 'd choose Simon.He 's willing to help othersd _n_e_e_their Maths.A

16、. for;withB. in;withC. with;forD. to;/二.感嘆句【知識梳理】1. 感嘆句的概念感嘆句是表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句句末通常用感嘆號，讀時一般用降調(diào)2. 感嘆句的基本句型【句型一】 What + （a / an） + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！What a clever boy he is! （ 他是個 ） 多么聰明的男孩??！What an interesting story it is! （ 這是個 ）多么有趣的故事??！What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣??！What beautiful flowers they

17、 are! （ 它們是 ）多么漂亮的花啊！【說明】 在感嘆句中， What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭，則用an。 what 是用來修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，當前面有形容詞修飾，使抽象名詞具體化時，則要用what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐??！【句型二】 H

18、ow + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！How well you look! 你氣色真好 !How kind you are! 你心腸真好 !How beatifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽 !Strawberries! How nice! 草莓 ! 多好呀 !How clever the boy is! 這個男孩多么聰明??！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快??！【說明】 how 還可以修飾動詞構(gòu)成感嘆句，但動詞不提前。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生?。ow she dances! 她跳得多好??！3. 感嘆句

19、解題方法（一） 一找，二斷，三辨，四確定構(gòu)成感嘆句的感嘆詞有兩個： what 和 how ，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：1） What 名詞陳述肯定式：2）How 形容詞（或副詞）陳述肯定式很多初學者常常對該用 what 還是該用 how 弄不清楚。如： cold water this is ！A HowB What cold it is ！A WhatB How如果我們采取 “一找?二斷?三辨?四確定 ”的方法很快就能確定該選哪個感嘆詞?！耙徽摇奔聪日页鼍渲械闹髡Z。 “二斷 ”就是在句中的名詞 （形容詞、副詞等） 與代詞（或名詞） 之間斷開。例如上面第一句應在 water 與 this 中斷開（因 thi

20、s 是指示代詞） ，斷開后辨別斷線前面的詞的詞性，也就是所謂 “三辨 ”，句中斷線前的詞是 water ，而 water 是 名詞。第四步，就可迅速確定如果是名詞就選what。所以第一例句就選 B 。用這個方法我們會對上面第二個例句作出如下判斷： cold it is ！斷開線，其前 cold 是形容詞，故應填 How 。上面兩個例句是最基本最簡單的填空題形式。但只要掌握這個方法，即使再復雜的填空題也會迎刃而解。不過還 要注意，如果斷開后，斷線前的那個中心詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，千萬別忘了在感嘆詞與名詞間加冠詞（a an）。例如：nice present it is ！A HowB WhatCHow

21、D What a用上述方法，從 present 與 it 之間斷開，斷線前 present 是名詞，且為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞， nice 又以輔音開頭，故選 D 。4. 感嘆句解題技巧（二） “斷找 去添改”五步法若把一個陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句，可以采取這 “五步法 ”。如：The picture is very beautiful 斷：在陳述句中的謂語動詞后將句子斷開：The picture is very beautiful 找：劃出斷線后的中心詞是何詞類。去：中心詞是形容詞或副詞時，要把修飾該形容詞或副詞的詞去掉。 （比如本句中心詞 beautiful 是形容詞，修飾該 詞的是 very ，變時應去掉

22、 very 。但須注意，線后如果是名詞，名詞前的修飾語是萬萬不能去掉的。添：就是添上感嘆詞。如果線后的中心詞是名詞，就添 What ；是形容詞或副詞就添 How 。 改：將陳述句句前的大寫改為小寫，將變?yōu)楦袊@句的感嘆詞及其修飾的名詞部分放在句首，感嘆詞首寫字母改為 大寫。同時句尾的標點由陳述句的句號改為感嘆句的感嘆號。據(jù)此，上句就變成了： How beautiful the picture is ！再如：要把 “He is a good student ”變成感嘆句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心詞是名詞 student，agood 為修飾 student 的修飾語，

23、不能去掉，故變成感嘆句應選感嘆詞 what ，變成： What a good student he is！ 【例題精講】 例 1.exciting news report we ' ve heard !Yes,team of our women teachers won the first place in the dancing competition.A. What, theB. How, theC. What an, aD. What, a例 2. interesting book the reporter named Chai Jing has written! I agree

24、 with you. Her articles are not only interesting, but also meaningful.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How an例 3. lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an【課堂練習】1. it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day!A. What a funB. How funC. What funD. How a fun2. disappointed she

25、 will be if she knows the result of the match!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an3. sunny day it is! Let's go to fly kites.A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a4.Look at the picture.beautiful Sanya is! I'll go there this summer holiday.A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a5. strong the wind is! We could hard

26、ly walk in the wind.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a【知識梳理】1. 題型概述回答問題題型是 “閱讀理解 ”的一種形式，考查學生信息查找能力、語篇理解能力和歸納概括能力。題目難度介于 閱讀理解和寫作之間 ,要求學生在看懂文章的基礎上給出的問題答案。要求學生要有很好的閱讀理解和歸納總結(jié)的 能力，并且能夠根據(jù)所給題目準確找出解題依據(jù)，給出答案，注意細節(jié)。文體主要還是以記敘文為主，其他文體 為輔。其中，問題類型的設置也是比較固定的。2. 解題技巧（1）讀懂問題 通讀全文 信息定位 準確表達 避免答非所問；（2）注意以材料為本。無論是單詞、詞組、句子，還

27、是人、物、時間、地點、原因等，都要根據(jù)文章類型準確填 寫；（3）注意文章中的人稱和時態(tài)，做到問答一致?？荚嚂r最常見的錯誤就是時態(tài)語態(tài)用錯；（4）靈活運用同義詞語的替換和各種句型的不同表達；（5）對于開放性問題的回答，應根據(jù)文章提供的素材，根據(jù)全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立場展開合理的 想象；（6）在對待生詞的處理上，要一分為二地看待。有些不影響理解的生詞（如地名，人名）可直接忽視掉。有些生 詞前后會出現(xiàn)破折號、冒號或者出現(xiàn)that is to say 或者 that means 等詞時，其實就是解釋說明的作用。可以注意推測出詞意；（7）態(tài)度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趨勢，所以學生要

28、有心理準備，務必要把握好做閱讀題的節(jié)奏?！纠}精講】例 1. Isabel Allende ' s novels are enjoyed all over the world. She is famous for her creativity and imagination. And her own personal story is as amazing as any she has ever told in a novel. Born in 1942, Allende ' s family moved often during her childhood. She went

29、 to school in South America, Europe, and Asia. As a young woman, she became a journalist in Santiago, Chile 智'利 s）（capital city. Then, she got married and had two children. In 1970, everything began to change.Leaving homeIsabel Allende' s uncle was a political leader named Salvador Allende.

30、In 1970, her uncle was elected president ofChile. In 1973, Augusto Pinochet led a military takeover（ 軍事接管 ）of the Chilean government. President Allende was killed during the fighting. When Isabel Allende began to fear for her life, she and her family decided to move to Venezuela（ 委內(nèi)瑞拉 ）.From Newspap

31、er to Novelswrite a letter aIt was really a painful experience for Isabel Allendo to flee her country. Without this experience, however, Allende says she never would have begun writing novels. Then she got a phone call from Chile. Her grandfather was dying. She knew she could not return home to be w

32、ith him, but she wanted to respect him in someway. “ I decided to the things he told us when we were young, ” Allende explains. Later, he wrote a long letter which became Allende novel, The House of the Spirits.The Writing Life't a” Allende t writing can be“I spent ten, twelve hours a day in a r

33、oom, writing,” Allen says,“I don 't talk to anybody; I donshe finishes the first draft（ 草稿 ）of a new novel, Allende mails a copy to her toughest critic（ 最嚴厲的評論家 ）. “ I send it to my mother in Chile. She reads it and come here with a red pencil. We fight for a month at least. en goes back to work

34、 until she feels the book is finished.“ The storytelling is the fun part,” she says. “ The1.Isabel Allende' s own personal story is very amazing, isn' t it?2. What was Isabel Allende before she got married?3. How did the military takeover influence（ 影響 ）Isabel Allende' s life?4. Why did

35、Isabel Allende start writing her first novel?5. How do you understand“ We fight for a month at least” in the last paragraph?6. What kind of person do you think Isabel Allende is? Give your reason（s）.【課堂練習】1.Antarctica（ 南極洲） is the fifth-largest continent on Earth. It is also the coldest, windiest, d

36、riest and highest continent. It is an ice-covered place where no large plants grow, and no land animals live there.Antarctica covers an area of more than 13.6 million square kilometers. It is nearly twice the size of Australia, or one-and-a half times the size of the United States of America.Antarct

37、ica does not belong to one country, and it has no government. People visit Antarctica-usually as tourists, or to do scientific research- but no one lives there all the time.Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. It is not certain who first saw Antarctica, but sailors began to map Antarc

38、tica 's coast from their ships in the 1800s. The first confirmed證 （實） landing was in the mid-1890s.s souOver the next few years, several men tried but failed to reach the South Pole, which is the EarthFinally, a team led by Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached the South Poe in 1911. By then, countri

39、es around the world were becoming more and more interested in the frozen continent, and soon seven nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, had laid claim to parts of Antarctica.As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was cl

40、ear that fighting might break out. Diplomats（外交官） from different countries wanted to stop a war from starting, so they began talking about a treaty for Antarctica A treaty is a written agreement signed by tow or more nations.Several countries had already set up research stations in Antarctic where s

41、cientists could live and work. Most scientists worked during the summer months when it was not as cold as in winter. Scientist hoped a treaty would allow them to continue their work and to exchange information with scientists from countries.A. to learn, possibleB. of learning, possiblyC. of learning

42、, was possibleD. to learning, possible3. The journey to Beijing might only a very short time such cars that travel such a speed.A. spend; in; atB. take; by; atC. cost; on;byD. take; in;at4. good time we have had in the junior middle school!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a5. A ) expensive B ) hand in C

43、)ready D)complete E)look upLast Sunday, I went to the post office to subscribe( 訂閱 ) some magazines. I was there for half an hour and there was still a long line in front of me.My turn came at last. I quickly got everything done, and was (1) to leave .Just then, someonecame nearer to me. I stopped t

44、o (2) and saw him ， old and thin, with a dirty coat on him which had beenworn out. I could see easily that he was poor, from the far mountain area. I stepped backward. I was in my (3)new coat.He told me he wanted to send some money home but didn' t know how to (4)t h e t a b le in thesheet. He a

45、sked me if I could help him.“ But you can ask the clerk.” After these words, I looked awfraoyz ea nindt o silence.6. The twins(argue) about what TV programmes to watch when I got home.7. Taizhou is developing quickly. A number of (visit) around the world come here every year.8.She likes talking to o

46、thers while(wait) for the bus.9. This problem is not as difficult as that one. ( 保持原句意思 )This problem is than that one.10. People will talk about the safety of girls during the next meeting.( 改為被動語態(tài))The safety of girls talked about during the next meeting.11. “ Where can I buy some postcards?” the t

47、ourist wo賓nd語e從red句. )(The tourist wondered he buy some postcards.12. In a book called Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, a description is given of people helping others butdoing it secretly. When difficult problems worried a person, friends nearby would meet to discuss possible solution wi

48、thout the person knowing their actions. When a solution was agreed upon, one or two of the friends would carry out the plan and solve the problem secretly, to the great delight of the worried person. The helpers would stand by privately, content withtheir success. No reward was given to the problem

49、solvers, not even a sincere“ thank you ” , because they weThis idea is popular today but in a different way. The phrasepay it forward ” is n“ow used when one person hepl sanother. However, the person helped may not be able to repay the person or group that helped them. So rather than return the favo

50、r to their helpers, they are supposed to help someone else in the future, which means they pay it forward. It is a sense of responsibility（ 責任 ） which makes us want to give back in equal measure to the one who has helped us. But, in this case, the responsibility turns to helping someone in the futur

51、e.Suppose your elderly grandmother pays part of your schooling. She may tell you there is no need to repay her because it is a gift from someone who loves you very much. Nothing would please her more than to have you use her money to get a good education.You may never be able to repay her for such a

52、 gift. However, she not only gave you some money, but she provided you with an example that you should also help other people who need it.People with serious needs are everywhere. Many are children who need better clothes, more books and even better schools. Some are elderly peo ple who can ' t

53、afford their medicine or a doctor' s care. Consider how you can“ prather than pay money back to your grandmother.1. The helpers in the book“ Magnificent Obsession” were not rewarded because .A. they hadn ' t sdo ltvhe problems thoroughlyB. they had solved the problems secretlyC. they were fr

54、iends of the worried individualD. they expected to be paid back in the future2. The underlined word“ pay it forward” means .A. to repay someone who has helped youB. to pay someone else who needs helpC. to help someone who has helped youD. to help someone else who needs help3. What does the writer su

55、ggest with the example of“ your elderly grandmother ” ?A. We should learn to respect our grandparents.B. We should work hard to get a good education.C. We should also lend a hand to other people in need of help.D. We should never forget to repay people for their help.4. From the passage we know .A.

56、everybody needs helpB. more children need help than elderly peopleC. it costs a lot of money to“ pay it forward”D. nowadays many people help others without being repaid13. Whether it is“ women and children foirs t “ every” man for himself” in a shipwrecdke pmeanyd on how long ittakes the ship to sink, researchers said recently