譯林版九年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語語法賓語從句專題學(xué)案（無答案）

1、賓語從句專題精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：賓語賓語是行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，一般可分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語，充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。如：I like Chinese food. 我喜歡中國菜。I bought a ticket for Milan. 我買了一張去米蘭的車票。I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你談話很高興。Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了嗎?知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：賓語從句的定義定義：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語成分的句子就叫賓語從句，基本句式為“主句+連接詞+賓語從句”。例如：I don't know if / whether

2、my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否會(huì)回來。）Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （湯姆不能決定應(yīng)該買哪一件羊毛衫。）We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我們都知道太陽在東方升起。）He is thinking about what he should do next. (他正在考慮他下一步應(yīng)該做什么。）批注：在中考中，賓語從句的考察主要出現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)題型中：?jiǎn)芜x，動(dòng)詞填空及翻譯句子。其中單選主要考察賓語從句的語序和關(guān)系

3、詞，動(dòng)詞填空主要結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)中的過去時(shí)態(tài)考察，翻譯句子中考察較綜合，會(huì)和固定搭配，完成時(shí)等結(jié)合。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：賓語從句的語序在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓從一定要用陳述句的語序，其標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句來決定。因此當(dāng)賓語從句是由whetherif 或者特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)，因?qū)⑵湓瓉淼囊蓡柧湔Z序還原為陳述句的語序。例如:將下列例句改為含有賓語從句的句子。1. He is a student . - I dont know that _. Keys: he is a student 2. Is he a student? -I wonders whether if_. Keys: he is

4、 a student 3. Where does he live ? - I asked him_ . Keys: where he lives - Can you tell me_ ? Keys: where he lives I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1. 若主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在

5、時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。即從句可用所需任何時(shí)態(tài)，如： I dont think (that) you have finished all the work. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat at weekends. He says Mary will play with the cat this weekend. I think he left yest

6、erday morning.批注：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)從句中的時(shí)間狀語提示決定。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)只需關(guān)注從句中的時(shí)間提示即可。2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去 完成時(shí)）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.批注：

7、如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He said light travels much faster than sound.3. 當(dāng)主句為 Could you (please) tell us-?時(shí)，只表示委婉語氣，而不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如： Could you tell me how I can get

8、to the library? Could you tell us if he has been to the Great Wall?知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：賓語從句的關(guān)系詞1. 賓語從句的關(guān)系詞可以分成三類：that, if/ whether, 特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。2. 由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will s

9、ucceed.批注：1. that在賓語從句中使用時(shí)句子不存在任何疑問，不缺任何意思。2. 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 賓語從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來, 其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。 I think he isnt a student.（×） I dont think he is a student.（） I dont think he is a student, ? 如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問

10、句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?3. 由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what 和連接副詞 where, how, why, when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is

11、? I dont know why the train is late.例1：1）Do you know ? （哪一個(gè)比較?。?2）Can you tell me ?（他在哪兒） 3）Could you tell me ?（我該怎么去車站） 4. 由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：if和whether在句中意思是“是否”，不做句子成分。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.批注：1. if, whether在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)主句是存在疑問的

12、句子。2. if, whether在表示是否含義時(shí)，是有區(qū)別的: 1)賓語從句中含有or及or not時(shí)只能使用whether；2）后面直接接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)只能使用whether，例如I am not sure whether to take part in the party；3）if表示“如果”含義時(shí)，不能用whether。3. if表示“如果”含義時(shí)，主句和從句遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，但是if表示“是否”含義時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)決定。例如：If I am free tomorrow, I will go to see my uncle.We dont know if he will co

13、me tomorrow.同步例題分析知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)例1：Please stop_ . I cant hear _ . A. making any noise; what did the man say B. to make any noise; what the man spoke C. making any noise; what the man said D. to make a noise; what the man talked with 例2：I do not doubt _ win in the race. A. whether he willB. whether

14、will heC. that he will D. that will he 例3： Could you tell me _? Certainly. In half an hour. A. when will the train to Beijing leave B. when the train to Beijing would leave C. when the train to Beijing left D. when the train to Beijing leaves 例4：June says she _ never_ (read)a book about star signs b

15、efore. 例5：My watch is broken. My father said he _( buy ) me a new one. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞例1： - Mr Gao went to Shanghai for the air exhibition last week. - Is that _ he had two days off? A. what B. when C. why D. where 例2：-What did your parents think about your decision? -They always let me do _ I think I

16、 should. A. whenB. thatC. howD. what 例3：Could you tell me_you were late for the meeting this morning ? A .where               B .why                &#

17、160; C .when D. what 例4：She asked me if I knew_pen it was. A.whose   B .what C .who   D .where課堂達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)檢測(cè)題1：?jiǎn)芜x題1. Did your father tell you _? A. when he travelled to Hong Kong B. how he goes to ShanghaiC. where he has spent his holidays D. why did he visit Hangzhou2. I dont know _ t

18、he day after tomorrow. A. when does he comeB. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come3. Parents care more about _ pocket money they should give their children and _. A. how much; where it goesB. how many; where does it go C. how much; how does it goesD. how many; how it goes4. I didnt k

19、now _. A. how many times he has been to his favourite place of interest B. why did he go to France C. Whats the matter with the Ipad bought yesterday D. who to ask for help when in trouble5. Can you tell me _ at the meeting yesterday? Sorry, I have no idea. I wasnt at the meeting.A. what does the ch

20、airperson say B. what the chairperson says C. what did the chairperson say D. what the chairperson said 6. The light in his office is still on. Do you know _? To prepare for tomorrows meeting.A. if he works hard B. when he will stop working C. why is he so busy D. why he stays up so late7. No one ca

21、n be sure _in a million years.A. how man will look like B. how will man look likeC. what man will look like D. what will man look like8.How long does it take to get to the airport? Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure the highway will closes soon. Lets set off earlier. A. whetherB. whenC.

22、 howD. why檢測(cè)題2：動(dòng)詞填空1. I didnt realize I (leave) the key at home until I got to my car. So I had to go back.2. Jack said he _ (return) the two books to the library in a week.3. The old scientist was awarded a gold medal for what he (do)for the development of modem science since the mid-twentieth cent

23、ury.4. It was a pity that you _ (not attend) the meeting last Friday afternoon.5. The teacher wanted to know if I _(finish) my composition.6. It was raining hard, but none of them said they_(stop) working in the fields.7. Xiao Wang didn't want to tell me anything about what he_just_(hear).

24、8. My brother said he_(let) me have the bike as soon as he had cleaned it. 專題精講 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：直接引語和間接引語的概念引述某人的話一般采取兩種形式：一種是直接引語（direct speech), 即原封不動(dòng)地引用原話， 把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，一種是間接引語（indirect speech), 即用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的意思，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分不在引號(hào)內(nèi)。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，需在時(shí)態(tài)形式、人稱代詞、指示代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語以及語序等方面做相應(yīng)的變化。例如：She said, "I am very ha

25、ppy to help you." She said that she was very happy to help you. He asked me, "Do you like playing football?" He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 直接引語為陳述句的轉(zhuǎn)換1). 直接引語為陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)，如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。但是，如果引述動(dòng)詞為過去形式，間接引語的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般按下面規(guī)律變化。直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過

26、去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)（多數(shù)變?yōu)椋┻^去完成時(shí)例1：將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。"I live in a house whose windows face south." she says._"She is preparing her lessons." I said._He said to me," Jane spent all her time doing that."_I said to them." He will be excited.

27、"_" I haven't told him about it." Mary said._批注：當(dāng)引述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理以及格言等時(shí)，盡管引語謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式卻不必改變。本知識(shí)點(diǎn)和賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的特殊點(diǎn)一樣。可以結(jié)合記憶。The teacher said to the students," The earth goes around the sun."_2) . 直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)的人稱變化直接引語中第一人稱在間接引語中應(yīng)與主句的主語人稱一致。 She said, “I like tennis.” Sh

28、e said that she liked tennis.直接引語中第二人稱在間接引語中應(yīng)與主句的賓語人稱一致。 He said to Lily, “You have to get up early .” He told Lily that she had to get up early.直接引語中第三人稱在間接引語中保持不變。 He said to me, “They want to help him.” He told to me they wanted to help him.”例2："You should not give John the pen." Mary s

29、aid to me._批注：本部分可以按照口訣記憶：一主，二賓，三不變3）指示代詞this, these 分別變成that, those.例3："These books are mine." the boy said._4) 時(shí)間狀語在間接引語中變化規(guī)則如下：直接引語間接引語nowthenagobeforetodayThat dayThis morningThat morningyesterdayThe day beforeYesterday morningThe morning beforetomorrowThe next daythe following daythe

30、day afterLast week ( month, etc)The week beforeNext week ( month, etc)The next weekthe following weekthe week afterThis week (month, etc)The weekThe day before yesterday)Two days before例4："I will come and see you this evening,Tom." he said._5) 地點(diǎn)狀語here變成there.例5：He said,"I'm here.

31、"_2. 直接引語為疑問句的轉(zhuǎn)述直接引語為疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，除注意在人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語等方面的變化之外，還要遵循以下原則：1) . 間接引語中要用陳述句的語序。例6：She asked," What is it?"_2) . 特殊疑問句的疑問詞要保留。例7："Why did you lie to your parents?" I said to him._3) . 一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句在間接引語前要加whether or if.例8："Is there anything wrong,Madame?" ask

32、ed the police._He asked me," Do you study English or French?"_3. 直接引語為祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)述直接引語為祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，引述動(dòng)詞在變動(dòng)時(shí)往往根據(jù)直接引語的口氣換成ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order, beg, urge, remind, promise等動(dòng)詞，而直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞則要變成動(dòng)詞不定式，即用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例9："Please explain why you are late," the boss said._"

33、Don't give up!" his father shouted to him._專題過關(guān)檢測(cè)題（一）：句型轉(zhuǎn)換將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He_ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _it home with her.4. The teacher

34、 said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ _ me that he _ _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ go _ before five.7. “I bought the

35、house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother_ _ _ found it.11. “Where

36、have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13.Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _him the news. 14. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.檢測(cè)題（二）：?jiǎn)芜x題1. I dont k

37、now if he _tomorrow. A. will come B. comes C. came D. has come2. Would you please tell me ? A.when will we have an English exam B.when we will have an English exam C.when would we have an English exam D.when we would have an English exam3. The old lady couldnt remember . A.where she had put her glas

38、ses B.where had she put her glasses C.where she puts her glasses D.where did she put her glasses4. Jack's mother wants to know . A. when will Jack come back B. when Jack will come backC. when would Jack come back D. when Jack would come back5. I wonder . A. when the university campus in China op

39、ens to the publicB. when will the university campus in China open to the publicC. when would open the university campus in China to the publicD. when the university campus in China will open to the public6. The learned man wondered _ electricity was in some way like lightening during a thunderstorm.

40、A. what B. how C. thatD. whether7. I want to know _ you are going to do next week.A. if B. what C. how D. why 8. Joyce has a good memory. She still remembers _ she lived in her childhood.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that例題：這些照片使我想起 2010年在日本逗留期間所看到的情況。 These photos remind _ during my stay in Japan in 201

41、0.方法總結(jié)： 在中考中，賓語從句主要出現(xiàn)的題型除了上面提到的單選和動(dòng)詞填空之外，完成句子中賓語從句而是每年必不可少的考點(diǎn)。在完成句子中賓語從句常和固定搭配以及時(shí)態(tài)連用，因而在做題過程中要考慮到多個(gè)方面的考點(diǎn)，尤其是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。檢測(cè)題（一）：天氣預(yù)報(bào)有沒有報(bào)道如此潮濕的天氣將持續(xù)多久? Does the weather report say _?檢測(cè)題（二）：我們鎮(zhèn)上沒有人知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器人他買了多久。 No one in our town knows _ the robot.檢測(cè)題（三）:這個(gè)男孩很聰明.但我懷疑他是否會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)上有巨大的成功 Although the boy is clever.