中考初中英語語法總結(jié)+練習(xí)

1、中考初中英語語法總結(jié)+練習(xí)一、詞類：英語詞類分十種：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、冠詞、動詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞 。一 、名詞（n.）： 表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如： boy, morning, bag, ball, class,英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類：1）專有名詞是個別的人、地、物、團體、機構(gòu)等的專用名稱 。如：Beijing, Tom, the People ' s Republic of China專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語，則必須使用定冠詞 the。如：the Great Wall姓氏名詞如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，則表示該姓氏一家人（復(fù)數(shù)含義），如：t

2、he Greens（格林一家人）。2）普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下：在單數(shù)名詞詞尾力口 so 女口： map - maps,bo尸 boys,horsef horses, table f tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞力口 es如：classfclasses, box fboxes, hero fheroes, dish fdishes, bench fbenches.注意:少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾白詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時只加 s如：photo photos, piano pianos.以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i,再加es。如：familyffamil

3、ies, city fcities, party parties.以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，變 f 或 fe 為 v,再力口 eso 如：shelffshelves, wolf fwolves, life lives, knife knives. 不規(guī)貝 U變化 ： man men, womans women, sheeps sheep, tooth fteeth, fish ffish, child fchildren, ox foxen, goosefgeese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，說明其數(shù)量時，要用有關(guān)計量名詞。 如：a bag of ricetwo bags of rice,

4、 a pieceof paper f three pieces of paper, a bottle of milkf five bottles of milk.永遠不可數(shù)名詞巧計：消息說他工作進步老板獎他許多錢，他得到建議如果天氣好，他要去買家具，設(shè)備，行李?，F(xiàn)在他在家喝牛奶聽音樂，多么樂趣呀3）名詞所有格：名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，相當于物主代詞，在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構(gòu)成法如下：表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加。$如：Childern ' s 口磯童節(jié)），my sister ' s boo蛆姐的書）以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加 。如：Teachers&

5、#39; Da教師節(jié)）有些表示時間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加.s如：todaynewspaper（仝天的報紙），ten _ minutes-. break（士分鐘的課間休息 ）, China' population（中國的人口 ）.無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞，一般均可用介詞 of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a fine daughter of the Party（黨的好女兒）.注意:還可以表示某人的家或者某個店鋪，如：my aunt'（我阿姨家）,the doctor '（診所）兩人共有某物時，可以采用 A and B' s的形

6、式，如：Lucy and Lily ' bedroom（露西和麗麗合住的臥室 ） Jim' s and Kate ' s aUnS勺阿姨和凱特的阿姨“of+g詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格，如：a friend of my father '（我父親的一位朋友），a friend of mine（我的一位朋友）4）名詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題：主造和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致，即：主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The computer was a great invention.（計算機是個了不起的發(fā)明）The wa

7、ter in the glass is verycold.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）集體名詞 （如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主語時 ,如果表示整體概念，則謂語用單數(shù)形式，如：My family is a very big one.如果表示其中的所有成員時，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：My family like watching TV .Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, peopl瞪表示單個時if語用單數(shù) ，表示許多時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There is a sheep in the yard. /

8、 There are some sheep in the yard.Maths , news等雖然有s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news js very exciting.（這個消息 令人興奮）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式 ，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（褲子很便宜，我想買） 專項練習(xí)：一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. pencil-box 2. wife 3 . Sunday 4. city5. dress 6.

9、 Englishman 7. match 8. Chinese9. zoo 10. exam 11. German二、單選1. June 1st is Day all over the world.A. Child s B. Childs ' C. Children s D. Childrens '2. September 10th is Day in China , isn't it ?A. Teacher ' s B. Teachers eacCe TD. Teacher of 3.is made of.A. Glass; glass B. A glass;

10、 glass C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses4. This is news.A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good5. What it is ! Let ' s go swimming.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather6. They like Chinese.A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. f

11、ood and people7. Lucy and I go to school every day.A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses8. 7Are those? -No, they aren ' t. They ' re.A. sheep; cows B. sheep;cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows9. What are you listening to , Jane? or?A. a music; a news B. music; news C.a music; news D.

12、music; a news10. How many and are there in your class ?A. boy student;girl ones B. girls students; boys onesC. boys student; girl oneD. girl students ; boy ones11. A group of are talking with two over there.A. Frenchmen ; GermansB. Frenchmen ; GermenC. German ; FrenchmenD. Germans ; Frenchmans12. Th

13、at bus driver drank two.A. glass of waterB. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of.A. Bob ' s mother B. Bob ' s mother C.smother of Bob D. Bob mother ' s14. The tall man with a big nose is teacher.A. Tom and Carl B. Tom's and Carl ' sC. T

14、om and Carl's15. There is tree in our school.A. a 8-meters-tall B. an 8-meter-tall C. an 8 meters tall三、按中文意思填空1 .明的）parents work in a big hospital.2 . This is （我妹妹的）Chinese book.3 .我的姐姐和弟弟的 開ooms are very nice.4 . （王平和王明的）fathers a hotel manager.5 . Is this 你的好朋友的）pen ?6 . They are（PeterF口 Sam

15、的）teachers.7 .（教師節(jié)）is on September 10th.8 .（學(xué)生們的）desks and chairs are very new.9 .（趙敏的）shoes are white.10 .（Johrf口 Sally 的）mothers are American.11 .（Tonylf 哥的）compute門s broken.12、It ' s（婦女節(jié)）on March 8th.二代詞一.人稱代詞:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1 .主格作主語，賓格作動詞

16、或介詞的賓語He teaches(we) Chinese .2 .三種人稱代詞并列時，順序為：單數(shù)：二，三，一 (You, she and I )復(fù)數(shù)：一二，三 (we , you and they )注:若把責任擔，第一人稱最當先，(即若做錯事時把第一人稱放在最前面.)She and I have been to Beijing .Who broke the window ? I and Mike .注：it還有一些特別的用法。1）用作形式主語，常用于"It ' s+adj +to do旬醴中.2）用在句型："It seems that中.”3）用在句型：&quo

17、t;It ' s one ' s turn toFdo sth ”4）用在句型："It ' s time to do sth / forth5）用在句型：“It ' s+adj +hat ”中.make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .6）用作形式賓語，用來代替動詞不定式1 .俄;)am a teacher.2 .My father is talking with(我).3 .This is 我的)book.4 .(他的)chair is blue.5 .(我們的)classroom is b

18、ig.6 .(他)often plays basketball after school.7 .(他的)teachers good.8 .(我們)buy a pair of shoes for 他).9 .Please pass我們)the ball.10 .他們)are listening to the radio.11 .我)am a teacher.12 .This is 她的)bag. That is 他的)13 .他的)cap is blue.(我們的)are yellow.14 .Our chair is better than( they).15 .I will give the

19、 presents to(they).16 .These books are(I), and those are(you).17 .My ruler is long.( you ) is short.18 .My bike is broken. May I borrow( she)?19 .Can you show(I) your book?1.1 It time for(they) to go home.21 .Mr. Green often tells(we) some stories.22 .These are not your desks. They are(our).23 .This

20、 is not my shirt. It' s(he)24 .I saw(she) in the shop yesterday.物主代詞.第人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名詞性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1.形容詞性的物主代詞作定語放在名詞前，不能單獨使用。2.名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of連用。Our classroom is as big as(they).This is a friend of(my).注：1)名詞性的物主代詞相當

21、于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個名詞(名詞性的物主代詞 =形容詞性的物主代詞 +名詞)2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own連用時，后面可跟名詞也可不跟名詞.My own house = a house of my own人稱代詞和物主代詞練習(xí)：(一)用代詞的適當形式填空。1. There is a letter for(her、 hers) mother.2. That is(she ) coat. The coat is red. (it)is a new one.3. Whose pens are these?(their) are(we).4. Give(he) a toy, please.5. (

22、we) eyes are black.6. Tim and Bill are twins.(them) parents are teachers.7. Give the book to(I ).8. These books are(we).9. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big.( I )10. The dress is. Give it to. ( she )11. Is this watch? (you) No, it' s not. ( I )12. is my is J

23、ack. Look! Those stamps are. ( he )三.反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)A人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門反身代詞有規(guī)律，第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復(fù)數(shù)ves來把f替.反身代詞的常用搭配：enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learn by oneslf all by oneselfhelp oneself tolo ok after oneself leave sb by on

24、eself lose oneself insay to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror課堂檢測I1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for just now.2. Bad luck! I cut with a knife yesterday.3. They tell ns they can look after veiy well.4. My cat can find food by.5. Help ro some beef； boys

25、.6. Jenny enjoyed in the park yesterday.7. We can finish om homework by.8. The blind girl lose in the beautiful music.9. Xiao Hui, can you intioduce to us?10. Dill wants io teachFrench from now on.四.指示代詞1 .近指：this these 遠指：that those2 .用法：1)that those常用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物，以避免重復(fù).That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞.Those代替復(fù)數(shù)

26、名詞.The weather in Guangdong is hotter than in Qinghai .The books in that shop are cheaper than in this shop.A.this B.that C.one D.those2)this ,that可代替句子或句子的一個部分,that代替前面提到的句子，而this代替下面提到的句子.He hada bad cold ,that is why he didn' t come .3)在電話用語中,this代替自己，而that代替又寸方.This is Tom speaking . Who is

27、that ?1、These are pens and are pencils.(that, this, those)2、Tom was sick yesterday.is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These)3、Which of shirts are Tom's ( These, this, that)4、This desk is mine,is hers. ( those, this, that)五不定代詞的區(qū)別.I.one與it的區(qū)別One代替同類事物中的一種.而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物.This book is a good o

28、ne . May I borrow it ?2.some與any的區(qū)別一般情況下，some用于肯定句,any用于否定，疑問句，條件句中.但在表建議的疑問句中 仍用some代any. 常用于 could / would / May 開頭或 what about /how about 的句中。May I have some water ?He asked me for some paper , but I didn e any . ' t hav3 .many與 much的區(qū)別Many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)Much+不可數(shù)名詞都相當于 a lot of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞注:a lot of

29、不能用于否定句中.否定句中用 many /much .4 .a few /few /a little /little 的區(qū)別表否定（幾乎沒有）表肯定（點/幾個）修飾可數(shù)名詞fewa fewThe story修飾/、可數(shù)名詞littlea littleis easy toread . thereare new words in it .Hurry up ! There is time left .5 .each / every 的區(qū)另1Jeach表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個.而every表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個There are trees and frowers on si

30、de of the street .student has read a story .注:each可以與of連用，each of作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù).而every不能與of連用.只能放在名詞前作定語.Each of us(study )hard .6 . no one與none的區(qū)另Uno one表示沒有人，不能與of連用.而none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞，作主語時，謂語常用單數(shù)。The boys were all tired , but of them stopped to have a rest .都都不任何一個兩者之間bothneithereither三者或二者以上allnone

31、any7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別Therearemanytreesonside ofthe river . A. both B.any C.either D.all注：1). both的否定詞是 neither , all的否定詞是 none.2) .both of作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).neither of作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù).Neither of the answers(be) right .Both of my parents(be) workers.3) .詞組A) both and連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).同

32、義詞組:not only - but also反義詞組：neither norNot only you but also she likes watching TV.=you she like watching TV .= You like watchingTV ,she .B) eitheror 或者或者，neithernor 既不也不 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞實行就近原則.Neither you nor he(be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. =Lily Lucy going to the park.C) eith

33、er也可用于否定句中的也”D) neither也可表示"也不"句型：neither sb人也不怎么樣.If you don ' t go there ,ft也不去)4） how many /how much 的回答：用 none 回答.Who的回答：用no one回答.What的回答：用nothing回答.How many students are there in the classroom ?Who can answer the question ?（空）后面沒有名詞（空）后面有名詞有數(shù)量限制（特指）the othersthe other沒有數(shù)量限制（泛指）ot

34、hersother個一個other表示兩者之one -the間的A. None B.No one C.Nothing8.other /the other /others /the others 的區(qū)別1)2) some others 表示一些一些3） another表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)但another +數(shù)字+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=數(shù)字+ more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示 “另外幾個Would you likeapple ?I have two brothers , one is a teacher ,is a worker .9.everyone每個，人人，大家不與of連用

35、every one每個人、物可與of連用Some are cleaning the classroom ,are sweeping the window .Every one of us has seen the film .There are 20 teachers in our school.Eight of them are men teachers ,and are women teachersEveryone should do their best .10.復(fù)合不定代詞.someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingone

36、someoneanyoneno oneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注：1.復(fù) 合不定代 詞作主語 時，謂語 動詞用單 數(shù).2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時，形容詞放在不定代詞之后.3 .動詞不定式修飾不定代詞時，動詞不定式放在不定代詞之后.4 .復(fù)合不定代詞用于反義疑問句中，1）指人的不定代詞，其反義疑問句中的主語用he或they .2）指物的不定代詞，其反義疑問句中的主語用it .Everything5 .any .anything ,anyone, anyboby也可用于肯定句中，表示 任何/任何物/任何人”(begin ) to grow

37、in spring ,Is there些有趣的事）in today ' s newpaper ?I want something（eat ）.關(guān)系代詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞叫關(guān)系代詞，如： who、whom .which、that、as,whose 連接代詞：用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱連接代詞。如：what,who ,whom, which ,whose。不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞.如：some, any, none,all,each,everything,nothing 等。相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。each other ,

38、one anothe是相互代詞，疑問代詞：用來提出問題的代詞稱為疑問代詞。 如：who、whom、whose what、which、whoever、 whatever whichever。專項練習(xí)題：1. （2006 浙江）-Is OK, Lucy? -No, my maths is not as good as English.A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything2. The boy was so attracted by the computer games that he forgot else.A. anything B.

39、nothing C. somethingD. everything3. -What's in the box? - It's empty. There is in it.A. none B. no one C. nothing D. something4.of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None5. It rained heavily this morning, but of my classmates were away

40、 from school.A. neither B. none C. allD. both6. - Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman?-. I prefer the new kind of MP4.A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either7. Shirley had to buy these CDs because she didn't know which one to take.A. all B. none C. each D. both8. -Here's coffee and te

41、a. You may have.-Thanks.A. either B. each C. one D. it9. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself.is more important than life.A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything10. I have to do. Please give me to read.A. something, anythingB. nothing, somethingC. nothing, everythingD. anyt

42、hing, nothing11. - Got any information about High School Examination?-Well, 1 was trying to, but found.A. one B. no one C. none D. some12.is watching TV Let's turn it off.A. Somebody B. AnybodyC. Nobody D. Everybody13. -Do you want tea or coffee? -. I really don't mind.A. Both B. None C. Eit

43、herD. Neither14. Money is important in my life. But it isn't to me.A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything15. Can you hear the strange noise from the washing machine?must be wrong with it. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something16. Mrs Smith has two children,is a driver and is a nurse.A. o

44、ne, another B. one, the other C. one, other D. one, others17. Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read letter.A. anyone's else's B. anyone's else C. anyone else's D. anyone else18. The parents go to the cinema.A. wants both to B. both want to C. want both to D. want to both19. Plea

45、se keep together. We want of you to get lost.A. none B. someC. many D. any20. “You are not right. I'm not right, either" means.A. Either of us are not right B. Neither of us is rightC. Both of us are rightD. Neither of us are rightI.用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. Mr. Lee teaches(we) English. We all like(h

46、e) classes.2.Is this bike(you)? No,(I) is blue.3. Did you enjoy(you) last night, kids?4. She hurt(her) in the accident.5. Is this(h$ pen? Yes, it ' s(he).6. - What' s(you) age?-(me) am 15 years old.7. We can help(every) other and learn from each other.8. How is(you) father going, Li Lei? -He

47、 is fine, thanks.9. -My book is here. Where is(you), Tom?- is in the classroom.10. -Are(you) parents workers?-No,(they) are teachers.2,選擇填空1. This dictionary is not hers. It' s.A. myB. meC. mine2. - Is this magazine? - No, it isn ' t. It ' s.A. your, her B. hers, mineC. your, hers3. Ther

48、e are two books on the desk. One is a math book,is an English book.A. othersB. anotherC. the other 4.of the girls plays tennis well.A. NeitherB. BothC. All5. Mary speaks very quickly.is difficult to understand what she is saying.A. ThatB. sheC. It6. The school was built by the villagers.A. usB. ours

49、elvesC. themselves7. He put a finger into mouth and sucked it.C. himC. the otherC. meA. hisB. he8. He is always ready to help.A. anotherB. others9. Let do this exercise myself.A. himB. her10. Do you have to tell us?A. important something B. something important C. anything important 11. I met an old

50、friend of on way home.A. mine, aB. my, theC. mine, the12. of the students in our class has a ticket.A. EveryB. BothC. Each13. There are several books on the desk.of them is English.A. AllB. NeitherC. None14. live in Shanghai.A. WeB. OurC. Ours15. - Is this jacket? - Yes, it ' s.A. her, herB. her

51、, hersC. hers, her16. -is that boy? -He' s my son.A. WhoB. WhomC. Whose17. humans animals can live without air.A. Both, andB. Neither, norC. Either, or18. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, are for the students.A. the otherB. otherC. the others19. My dictionary

52、is in my bag. Where is?A. yoursB. youC. your20. I think you can do the job by.A. yourselfB. myselfC. himself21. - Which jacket is Mary - The red one is.A. sheB. herC. hers22. My uncle was so angry that he was not when he found I was beating his dog.A. himB. hisC. himself23. There are many trees on s

53、ides of the street.A. allB. bothC. either24. is important for us to keep the balance of nature.A. ThereB. ThatC. It25. She can ' t find watch.A. hersB. itC. her26. There is milk in the glass.A. manyB. littleC. few27. Please pass the cap of tea.A. meB. myC. mine28. Have you heard from recently?A.

54、 themB. theyC. themselves29. There is water in the bottle.A. manyB. someC. any30. There isn ' t food lefteonable.A. many31. Sorry, I canA. a littleabout the news.B. fewC. mucht answer your question. I knowB. littleC. few32. This is his schoolbag,is on the desk.A. myB. yoursC. your33. We made the

55、 radio.A. usB. ourselvesC. myself34. Would please give me hot tea?A. oneB. anyC. some35. - Would you like some milk in your tea? - Yes, justA. a littleB. littleC. a few36. This question is so difficult that students can answer it.A. fewB. a fewC. a little37. They have only homework for Sunday.A. a littleB. a fewC. little38. They told us about their school and we told them aboutA. our