高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)-第4講-代詞+練習(xí)(附解析)WORD

1、文檔可能無法思考全面，請瀏覽后下載! 第4講 代詞代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞類。在語法填空和短文改錯中主要考查人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞以及it的用法、代詞的辨析、代詞與否定詞構(gòu)成的否定與部分否定等?？键c一：代詞的分類分類代詞人稱代詞主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, they賓格：me, you, him, her, it, us, them物主代詞形容詞性：my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs反身代詞myself, yo

2、urself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, so不定代詞one, some, any, each, none, all, both, neither, either, other, another, no, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, something, anything, nothing, everything相互代詞each other, one another疑問代詞who, whom,

3、whose, which, whatwho(m)ever, whichever, whatever連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, whatwho(m)ever, whichever, whatever關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as(連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞的考查見并列句和復(fù)合句部分)【典型例題】1.(2018·全國卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive.解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要用代詞

4、作find的賓語，故要用人稱代詞的賓格。they的賓格為them。答案them 2.(改錯)(2018·全國卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.解析根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處指“我”的事情，故用對應(yīng)的賓格代詞me作介詞to的賓語。usme 3.(改錯)(201

5、7·全國卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.11 / 15解析根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處是以作者的口吻寫的“我的高中時光”，故應(yīng)把your改為my?？键c二：?？即~的用法1.both, all, either, any, neither, none, no one指代范圍代詞用法兩者both意為“兩者都”，是對兩者的肯定either意為“(兩者中)任何一個”，表示二選一neither意為“(兩者)都不”，是對兩者的否定三者或三者以上all意為“全部”，指代或

6、修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞any意為“任何一個”，指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞none意為“全無，沒有一點”，指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞指“物”或“人”，其后可接表示范圍的of用于回答疑問詞how many /how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句no one意為“沒有人”，只指“人”其后不接表示范圍的of.用于回答疑問詞who引導(dǎo)的疑問句例句1There are many trees on either side (both sides) of the street. 街道的兩邊有很多樹。例句2Neither answer is correct. 兩個答案都不對。例句3None of the

7、 money is mine. 錢都不是我的。例句4All of the food is gone. 食物全沒了。2none, nobody /no one和nothing的區(qū)別指代用來回答none人或物how many /much引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句nobody /no one人who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句nothing物what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句例句1-How much money do you have? -你有多少錢？-None. -一點也沒有。例句2I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment. 我希望當(dāng)時有

8、人能幫我，但當(dāng)時沒有人。(no onenot anyone)例句3-What are you doing? -你在做什么？-Nothing. -什么也沒做?！镜湫屠}】用none, nobody/no one, nothing(1) Nobody/No one can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.(2) Swimming is my favorite sport. There is nothing like swimming as a mean of keeping fit.(3) -Wow! Youve got

9、 so many clothes.-But none of them are in fashion now.(4) I couldnt just stand by and do nothing.3another, other, the other, others和the others的區(qū)別代詞用法例句another泛指“另一個人或物”，用于表示三者或三者以上中的另一個。還可用于“another數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“再，又”I'll give you another example.我再給你舉個例子。other泛指“另一些”，意為“別的，另外的”Can we discuss this

10、 some other time?我們能否另外找個時間討論這個問題？the other特指“(兩者中的)另一個”，常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one.the other.”(一個.另一個.)。修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“其余；全部的”My son is playing with the other two children.我兒子正和另外兩個小孩一起玩。Where are the other boys in the class?班里其他的男孩在哪里？others泛指“其余的人或物”(但不是全部)相當(dāng)于“other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，常構(gòu)成“some.and others.”表示(一些.另一些.)Some hobb

11、ies are relaxing, and others are creative.一些愛好是放松型的，另一些是創(chuàng)造型的。the others特指“其余所有的人或物”，相當(dāng)于“the other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”Six of them are mine; the others are John's.其中六個是我的；其余的是約翰的?！镜湫屠}】用anther或the other填空(1)We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have another one this month.(2)He raised one ar

12、m and then the other.4one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those，it作替代詞時的區(qū)別替代詞用法one替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，同類不同一，相當(dāng)于“a /an單數(shù)名詞”onesone的復(fù)數(shù)形式。替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表泛指，同類不同一the one替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表特指，同類不同一，相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)名詞”the onesthe one的復(fù)數(shù)形式。替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 表特指(有后置定語時=those)，同類不同一that替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表特指，一般不指“人”。同類不同一，相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)

13、可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。一般不和冠詞連用，其后總有修飾語thosethat的復(fù)數(shù)形式。替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時)，表特指，同類不同一it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。不能帶任何修飾語例句1The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.這趟火車太擠了，所以我們決定乘坐稍晚的一趟。例句2His own experience was different from that of his friends.他自己的體驗和朋友們的體驗不同。例句3I love springit is a wonderful time of

14、the year. 我喜歡春天那是一年中一段美妙的時節(jié)。例句4The books on the desk are better than those /the ones under the desk.桌子上面的書比桌子下面的書要好?！镜湫屠}】1.(2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.解析句意：研究表明參加課外活動的學(xué)生比那些不參加的學(xué)生更快樂。此處用those替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞the students。答案t

15、hose2.(2018·全國卷)Running is cheap, easy and. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.解析此處號召我們嘗試一下這種運動，因此可以填名詞running，也可以用it指代。give sth. a try“嘗試一下某事”。答案it /running5復(fù)合不定代詞某任何每個，所有沒有人someone / somebod

16、yanyone / anybodyeveryone / everybodyno one / nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing例句1I have something to tell you. 我有事要告訴你。例句2Is anyone there? 有人嗎？例句3We can't decide anything now. 現(xiàn)在我們不能決定任何事情。例句4Luckily nobody was hurt in that accident. 很幸運，沒有人在那個事故中受傷?！咎貏e注意】something, anything, nothing, s

17、omebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone, no one等不定代詞有修飾語修飾時，修飾語后置。例句1There is something wrong with my car. 我的車有些問題。6代詞的全部否定和部分否定(1)none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any以及no名詞均表示全部否定。例句1Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是老師。(2)當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示肯定的不定代詞all, both，由every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞以及“every名詞”的句子中，不管n

18、ot在其前還是其后均表示部分否定，意為“并非”。例句2Both of us are not teachers.Not both of us are teachers. 我們倆并非都是老師?？键c三：it的用法1.指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西例句1-Where is my dictionary? -我的字典在哪兒？-I left it right on the desk. -我就把它放在桌子上了。2用以代替指示代詞this, that例句1-What's this? -這是什么？-It's a flag. -是一面旗幟。例句2-Whose exercise book is that? -

19、那是誰的練習(xí)本？-It's hers. -是她的。3指不知性別的嬰兒(baby)或身份不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知對方是誰)例句1The baby cried because it was hungry. 嬰兒因饑餓而啼哭。例句2-Who is knocking at the door? -誰在敲門？-It's me. -是我。4指時間、天氣、距離、價值、氣候或溫度等例句1It is nine o'clock sharp now. 現(xiàn)在是9點整。例句2It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下得正大。例句3It is a long way to

20、the factory. 到工廠有很長一段路。5作形式主語或形式賓語it常用來代替不定式、動名詞短語或名詞性從句在句首作形式主語或于賓補前作形式賓語，而將真正的主語或賓語后置。例句1It's not easy to learn a foreign language.(it作形式主語，代替不定式短語)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語不容易。例句2It's impossible for him to get there in time.(it作形式主語，代替不定式短語)他不可能及時趕到那里。例句3It is no good living alone without keeping in touch w

21、ith others.(it作形式主語，代替動名詞短語)獨居不和外人來往是沒有好處的。例句4I find it easy to get on with Jim.(it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語)我發(fā)現(xiàn)同吉姆相處很容易。例句5I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(it作形式賓語，代替名詞性從句)我已經(jīng)講得很清楚，任何人都不允許在這兒吸煙?！镜湫屠}】(1)(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own

22、countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.解析句子為感嘆句，正常語序應(yīng)該是it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正的主語，it是形式主語。故填it。答案it (2)I think it (is) necessary that we have the meeting. 我認為我們開這個會是必要的。(3)It is well known that China has the largest population in the world. 眾所周知,在世界上中國人口最

23、多。(4)It is said all of them have gone to the cinema. 據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。6強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句型的陳述句形式：It is /was被強調(diào)部分that /who其他成分。被強調(diào)部分為“人”時，可用who /that，被強調(diào)部分是“事物”時，用that。It was I that /who told him about it.是我告訴他這件事的。【典型例題】(1) It was only after he had read the papers that Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extr

24、emely difficult to complete.(2) It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.7it構(gòu)成的幾個易混句型(1)Itbe時間段since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句這個句型表示“自以來已多久了”。表示現(xiàn)在的情況時，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句多用一般過去時；表示過去的情況時，主句用一般過去時，從句用過去完成時。例句1It is three years since his father passed

25、 away.自從他父親去世(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)三年了。例句2It was 10 years since they had married.自從他們結(jié)婚(到現(xiàn)在)已經(jīng)十年了。(2)Itbe時間段before引導(dǎo)的狀語從句這個句型中的“時間段”一般為some time /long /years /months /weeks /days /hours /minutes等。主句中的be可用一般過去時was或一般將來時will be：用was時，before從句用一般過去時；用will be時，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例句1It was some time before I realized the

26、truth.過了一段時間我才了解到真相。例句2It wasn't long before he told us about this affair.沒過多久他就告訴了我們這件事情。例句3It will be many years before the situation improves.這種狀況要許多年后才會改善。(3)Itbe時間點when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句這個句型中，it指時間，而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞(時間一般為具體時間)。主句的謂語動詞和從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，但若主句是將來時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例句1It was already 8 o'c

27、lock when we got home.我們到家時已經(jīng)8點了。例句2It will be next morning when we finish our work.我們結(jié)束工作時將是第二天早晨。(4)Itbetime(that)從句這個句型中，從句需用虛擬語氣，該句型表示“該做的時候了”，常構(gòu)成句式：It is time (that) sb. did sth., It is time (that) sb. should do sth., time之前有時可加上high，以加強語氣。例句1It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her boy

28、friend.她是時候給她男朋友寫一封信了。例句2It is time (that) we should start work.我們該開始工作了。(5)Itbethe first /second /third.time(that)從句。這個句型表示“這/那是某人第幾次做某事”。主句中be是is時，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時；主句中be是was時，則從句需相應(yīng)地用過去完成時。例句1It is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.這是這些歐洲人第一次參觀長城。例句2It was the fifth time (

29、that) he had paid a friendly visit to Africa.這是他第五次到非洲進行友好訪問?！緦ｎ}訓(xùn)練】.單句語法填空1This is 18­year­old Musa Bockarie's story about how first aid saved _ (he) life.解析句意：這是關(guān)于急救如何挽救了18歲的穆薩·博卡里的生命的故事。設(shè)空處需用形容詞性物主代詞作名詞life的定語。答案his2_ is very common for students to be physically present in class

30、, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.解析句意：對于學(xué)生來說，他們?nèi)嗽诮淌业膮s不在的現(xiàn)象很普遍，因為他們在玩手機。It isadj.for sb.to do sth.為固定句型，意為“對某人來說，做某事是的”。其中it為形式主語，不定式為真正的主語，故填I(lǐng)t。答案It3I learned to set _ (I) a schedule of getting groceries, cleaning my room and doing my laundry on Sundays.解析set這一動作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同

31、一人，故應(yīng)用I的反身代詞形式。set myself a schedule為自己設(shè)置了一個時間表。答案myself4Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with _ (he)解析作介詞的賓語應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格形式，故填him。答案him5The violin is _ (you), Mr Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.解析此處需用you的名詞性物主代詞，代指your violin，故填yours。

32、答案yours6Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.解析句意為：尼基總是充滿了想法，但據(jù)我所知沒有一個有用。根據(jù)句意和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，此處表示尼基的想法一個也沒用。代詞none表示特指，相當(dāng)于“no上文提到的名詞”，可以和of連用，該空后省略了of her ideas。答案none7The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.解析句意：基于這項調(diào)查，

33、研究小組給出兩份報告，不過這兩份報告均沒有任何有用的建議。根據(jù)題干中two reports以及連詞but可知這里指的是對兩者完全否定，故填neither，意為“兩者都不”。8It was time for dinner and _ was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.解析分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語，空格處是形式主語，故用it。9In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives

34、and forks.解析句意：在一些國家，人們用筷子吃飯，然而在另一些國家，人們用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法，意為“一些另一些”，故填others。答案others10Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.解析make it clear (to sb.) that.為“動詞賓語賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，本題中真正的賓語是后面的that從句，故用it作make的形式賓語。句意：蘇珊向我聲明她希望開啟她自己的新人生。答案it.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1I hope you will

35、 pardon me and enjoy yourself with other his friends.解析和其他朋友玩得開心，“其他朋友”應(yīng)譯為other friends。故去掉his。答案去掉his2When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge(麥片粥) and expressed us appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little surprised at first.解析結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“我們向他們表達我們對他們的辛勤勞動的感激”，故appreciation前應(yīng)用形容詞性

36、物主代詞，表示“我們的”，故將us改為our。答案usour3Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. Now I'd like to tell you anything about the smog.解析句意：我很樂意告訴你一些關(guān)于霧霾的事情。something一些事情，一般用在肯定句中。答案anythingsomething4Dad lost his job, and as mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”解析此處表示“他很幸運能找到另一份工作”，

37、故應(yīng)把other改為another。答案otheranother5Our parents check our bags to make it sure we're not getting into trouble.解析句意：我們的父母檢查我們的包以確保我們不會遇到麻煩。make sure“確保；確定”，為固定短語，不必在make和sure之間加it。答案去掉it6Finally, we put the figurines(面人) we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.解析句意：最后我們把自己

38、做的面人放在桌上，并且與老工匠師傅合影?！皐e made”前省略了引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞which或that，在從句中充當(dāng)made的賓語，故them多余。答案去掉them7I told him that his newly bought dictionary was quite different from me._解析此處表示“他新買的詞典與我的詞典很不相同”，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine代指my dictionary。答案memine8However, my parents didn't seem to think such._解析此處think為動詞，其后應(yīng)用副詞so，意為“(指剛

39、說過的事物)這樣認為，認為如此”。類似用法還有I hope so, if so等。such為代詞或限定詞，故將such改為so。答案suchso9Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldn't find them._解析根據(jù)上文可知find后面的代詞指代“我”最喜歡的郵票之一，是一張郵票，故將them改為it。10Close

40、to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them._解析此處應(yīng)用it指代a beautiful park，故把them改為it。答案themit.語法填空“Without the ball, I'm half complete of _1_(I),” Luis Figo, one of the world's greatest football players once said.Luis Figo played his first international match in 1991 a

41、t the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing _2_ hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for _3_ in Lisbon. “Figo，F(xiàn)igo，” they _4_ shouted excitedly when he walke

42、d onto the field.The Real Madrid player, _5_ was 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win another Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player _6_ was by winning FIFA's world football

43、er of the year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001. “Figo _7_ is a real leader who always tries _8_ best on the field and to be a good team player. He doesn't have any problems working together wi

44、th his teammate at Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham.” In fact, Figo was the first _9_ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one _10_ and work together to be successful,” Figo said.1_2._3._ 4_5._6._7_8._9._ 10_答案與解析【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文，介紹了足球明星路易斯·菲戈從事足球競技的

45、歷程。1myself主語是“I”，故設(shè)空處為I的反身代詞myself。2his根據(jù)上下文及設(shè)空處后的match可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。3him介詞后應(yīng)該用代詞的賓格，此處用him來指代Luis Figo。4all設(shè)空處表示三者以上都，故用all。5who設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,先行詞為The Real Madrid player,故填who。6hehe在此處指代Luis Figo。7himself此處指Figo本人，故用himself。8histry one's best意為“盡某人最大的努力”，故此處填his。9one此處用one代替footballer。10anotherone another為相互代詞