淺談園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)中地面以色彩表現(xiàn)為主

1、 淺談園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)中地面以色彩表現(xiàn)為主園林景觀中的地面設(shè)計(jì)，是園林空間界面的一個(gè)重要方面，不同的“地”體現(xiàn)不同的空間使用特性。它的存在構(gòu)成了園林道路中組織空間、引導(dǎo)瀏覽、交通聯(lián)系、散步休息及園林風(fēng)景不可缺少的重要組成部分。隨著空間立面視域符號(hào)的日益超越，人們很自然對(duì)地面另眼相看，符號(hào)處理也開始轉(zhuǎn)向地面化。因此我們不能輕視地面鋪裝的色彩、材料、質(zhì)感、造型等因素，要使園林中的城市廣場(chǎng)、公園、小區(qū)、庭園等不同場(chǎng)所結(jié)合其相應(yīng)的環(huán)境、文化等要素，給人們帶來不同的感受。Landscape design of the ground, landscape space is an important aspec

2、t of the interface, different to reflect different space use features. It constitutes organization space, lead to browse in the garden road, transport links, for a walk and rest garden landscape indispensable important component. As the facade vision symbol of the increasingly surpass space, it is n

3、atural to regard sb with special respect or new views on the ground, symbolic processing also is turning to the ground. So we cant despise ground shop factors such as color, material, texture, shape, to make a garden in the city square, parks, residential area, garden and other places of different c

4、ombined with its corresponding environment, culture and other factors, give people different feelings. Net of paper 一、地面設(shè)計(jì)中的色彩表現(xiàn)1。色彩表現(xiàn)中的作用及情感色彩是環(huán)境主要的造景要素，是心靈表現(xiàn)的一種手段，它能把風(fēng)景強(qiáng)烈地訴諸于情感，從而作用于人的心理。因此在園林造景中，對(duì)色彩的運(yùn)用越來越引起人們的重視。地面鋪裝的色彩更應(yīng)該和植物、山水、建筑等統(tǒng)一起來，進(jìn)行綜合設(shè)計(jì)。如果場(chǎng)地的地面色彩簡(jiǎn)單，可通過線與形的變化來豐富空間的特征。 color performance, in

5、the design of the ground 1 M0. The role of color performance and emotional oK colour is main landscape elements of the environment, is a means of mind performance, it can put the scenery strongly appeals to emotion, to act on humans psychology. Therefore in the landscape gardening, to the use of col

6、our is more and more arouse peoples attention. Floor covering color should be more united and plants, landscape, building, etc, a comprehensive design. If the site ground color is simple, can be through the line of the rich and the change of the shape to space.地面鋪裝的色彩一般是襯托風(fēng)景的背景，或者說是底色，人和風(fēng)景才是主體，當(dāng)然特殊情

7、況除外。地面鋪裝的色彩須沉著，色彩的選擇應(yīng)能為大多數(shù)人所接受。色彩應(yīng)穩(wěn)重而不沉悶，鮮明而不俗氣。不同的色彩會(huì)引起人們不同的心理反應(yīng)，一般認(rèn)為，暖色調(diào)表現(xiàn)熱烈、興奮的情緒；冷色調(diào)表現(xiàn)幽雅、寧靜、開朗、明快，給人以清新愉快之感；灰暗色調(diào)表現(xiàn)憂郁、沉悶。因此在鋪地設(shè)計(jì)中，應(yīng)有意識(shí)地利用色彩的變化，來豐富和加強(qiáng)空間的氣氛。Floor covering the background colour foils are generally view, or color, and the landscape is the main body, except, of course, special circum

8、stances. Floor covering color must be calm, the choice of the color should be acceptable for most people. Color should be stable and not depressing, bright but not tacky. Different color can cause people to different psychological reaction, it is generally believed that warm warm, excited mood; Cold

9、 tonal show quiet and tastefully laid out, halcyon, cheerful, lively, give a person the sense with pure and fresh and pleasant; Dark blue, dull. Therefore in floor design, should have consciousness to use the color change, to enrich and enhance the atmosphere of the space.2。地面設(shè)計(jì)中的色彩調(diào)和2. In the desig

10、n of the ground color harmony色彩的調(diào)和要注意同一色調(diào)、近似色調(diào)和對(duì)比色調(diào)的配色、配合。比如，公園的鋪裝，有混凝土鋪裝、塊石鋪裝碎石和卵石鋪裝等，此時(shí)各式各樣的東西同時(shí)存在，如果忽視色調(diào)的調(diào)和，將會(huì)大大破壞園林的統(tǒng)1感。比如，在同1色調(diào)內(nèi)，利用明度和色度的變化來達(dá)到色彩的調(diào)和，這時(shí)就容易達(dá)到沉靜的個(gè)性和氣氛。如果環(huán)境色調(diào)令人感到單調(diào)乏味，那么地面鋪裝可以變化。近似色調(diào)配合，在配色時(shí)要注意在近似色調(diào)之間決定主色調(diào)和從屬的色調(diào)，兩者不能同等對(duì)待。如果使用的色調(diào)增加了，則應(yīng)減少造型要素的數(shù)量。對(duì)比色調(diào)的配色是由互補(bǔ)色組成的，由于互相排斥或互相吸引都會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的緊張感，因此

11、對(duì)比色調(diào)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎運(yùn)用。Color harmonic note approximation and same and tonal, tonal match colors and contrast colors, to cooperate. For example, they are concrete pavement, the pavement in the park, stone pavement gravel and pebble surfacing, etc., all kinds of things at the same time there right now, if igno

12、re the tonal harmony, will greatly undermine garden series 1. With 1 color, for example, use a lightness and chroma change to achieve harmonic color, is easy to achieve calm personality and mood. If environmental hue is monotonous, ground shop to change. Approximation is tonal, the color should pay

13、attention to when decided mass-tone attune and dependencies between approximate tonal tonal, both cannot be treated equally. If you use the hue has increased, should reduce the number of model elements. Contrasting tone color is made up of complementary color, due to attracted or repelled each other

14、 all the produces strong tension, so the contrast color when the design should be used sparingly.盡管庭園能夠提供最理想的隱秘空間，但如果它的四面被高墻圍住，也會(huì)因缺少光線而顯得昏暗，解決這個(gè)問題最好的方法是使用能夠反射園內(nèi)光線的淺色調(diào)地面，大片的地磚顯得光線充足。但有一點(diǎn)需要注意，要避免使用彩色鋪地，因?yàn)椴噬孛鏁r(shí)間長(zhǎng)常常會(huì)褪色。鋪地必須能為任何活動(dòng)提供一個(gè)淡雅的背景，而不應(yīng)喧賓奪主，過于突出。Although the secrets of the garden can provide an id

15、eal space, but if its all around surround by high walls, also can appear dim because of lack of light, the best way to solve this problem is to use that can reflect garden light light ground, floor tile is light. But one thing need attention, to avoid the use of color floor, color because the ground

16、 often long time will fade. Floor must provide a quietly elegant background for any activity, and should not be a presumptuous guest usurps the hosts role, too.2、地面鋪裝中的材料2, the ground material in the shop1。軟鋪裝1. Soft outfit園林地面鋪裝的軟材料運(yùn)用種類較少。低矮的植物既可增強(qiáng)地面空間感，也可改善夏季地面過熱的小氣候條件。庭園、花園中的地面鋪裝經(jīng)常用樹皮鋪設(shè)，這樣的林中小徑、自

17、然的花園小路都給人一種靜謐感，同時(shí)樹皮本身又與自然環(huán)境非常和諧。枕木也可以用來鋪地，但要注意，選用的枕木一定要清潔干凈。枕木厚重修長(zhǎng)，給人力量的感覺，與滋長(zhǎng)葉植物和淺色調(diào)的沙礫地面相配效果很好。Garden pavement type of soft material use is less. Low plant can not only enhance the ground space, also can improve microclimate conditions of ground heat in summer. Garden, garden ground shop often use

18、 bark laid, in such a path in the forest, natural garden path all give a person a kind of quiet feeling, and the bark itself and with the natural environment is very harmonious. Sleepers can also be used for floor, but should pay attention to, choose the sleeper must be clean. Sleepers thick long, g

19、ive a person the sense of power, and the growing plant and light-colored gravel ground matching effect is very good.2。硬鋪裝2. Hard surfacing材料的特征及使用的場(chǎng)合也要求結(jié)合園林的環(huán)境與功能。在園林地面鋪裝中，不同的硬材料通過精心推敲的形式、圖案、色彩和起伏，可以獲得豐富的環(huán)境景觀，提高空間的質(zhì)量。常用的天然材料有石板、亂石、塊（條）石、碎大理石片、卵石等。人工材料有混凝土磚、水磨石、斬假石、瓦、瀝青混凝土、青磚大方磚、水泥預(yù)制塊等。Material chara

20、cteristic and using occasion also requires the combination of landscape environment and function. In garden ground shop, different hard materials in the form of a carefully crafted, pattern, color and ups and downs, can obtain abundant landscape, improve the quality of space. Commonly used natural m

21、aterials have tablets (article), stones, rocks, broken marble tablets, pebbles, etc. Artificial material with concrete tiles, terrazzo, ZhanJiaShi, the blue brick flies in the big square brick, tile, asphalt concrete and cement precast block, etc.在較小的范圍里，可以考慮方形的花崗石。由于體積小，花崗石可以用來鋪裝庭園、廣場(chǎng)、公園中所需的各種圖形。這種

22、石料唯一不足之處就是用它們鋪出的表面高低不平，所以不能用它們拼鋪?zhàn)螀^(qū)或用餐區(qū)的桌面或椅面。鵝卵石是是理想的鋪地材料，可以松散地鋪在地面上，或嵌在水泥沙漿里。使用這兩種方法的關(guān)鍵在于，鵝卵石的放置位置要巧妙，不要讓泥土或沙漿露出來。同樣，鵝卵石鋪裝的表面也是高低不平的，但卻很有質(zhì)感。地磚是最有用的鋪裝材料，各生產(chǎn)商現(xiàn)在能生產(chǎn)出各種顏色的防霜凍地磚。地磚可以有效地將庭園與風(fēng)格相近的住宅或圍墻銜接起來，此外，它柔和的色彩也極易與庭園中的植物相融合。地磚還可以用在露臺(tái)、凳子以及其他固定裝置上，以保證整個(gè)庭園風(fēng)格的一致性。In a smaller range, consider square gran

23、ite. Due to small volume, granite can be used in the pavement, square, park, garden in the various graphics. This kind of stone is the only deficiency is use them to shop out surface is rugged, so cant use them bunking seating areas or desktop or chair surface of have dinner area. Pebbles is ideal m

24、aterial laying the ground of, can loose laying on the ground, or embedded in cement mortar. Using these two methods is the key to, pebbles to cleverly placed, dont let the earth or mortar. Likewise, cobblestone pavement surface is rough, but have a lot of sense. Floor tile is the most useful pavemen

25、t materials, the manufacturer can now produce all sorts of color of frost prevention floor tile. Floor tile can effectively will bring together with similar style residential or walls together, in addition, it also easily subdued color and the integration of plants in the garden. Floor tile can also

26、 be used in the terrace, stool and other fixed device, to ensure the consistency of the whole garden style.三、地面鋪裝的質(zhì)感如何Third, pavement texture鋪裝的美，在很大程度上要依靠材料質(zhì)感的美。一般鋪地材料以粗糙、堅(jiān)固、渾厚者為佳。Beauty shop, to a large extent depends on the material sense of beauty. General floor materials to rough, strong, rich

27、is better.1。質(zhì)感的表現(xiàn)，須盡量發(fā)揮材料本身所固有的美，以體現(xiàn)出花崗石的粗獷、鵝卵石的圓潤(rùn)、青石板的大方等不同鋪地材料的美感。1. Texture, must try to give play to the material itself inherent beauty, to embody the rugged granite, pebbles of fruity, green flag and easy different paving material, such as sense of beauty.2。質(zhì)感與環(huán)境和距離有著密切的關(guān)系。鋪裝的好壞不只是看材料的好壞，而是決定于

28、它是否與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)。2. The texture and distance have a close relationship with the environment. Shop is good or bad is not only see the stand or fall of materials, but depends on whether it is in harmony with the environment.3。質(zhì)感調(diào)和的方法，要考慮統(tǒng)一調(diào)和、相似調(diào)和及對(duì)比調(diào)和。3. Texture and harmonic method, want to consider similar

29、uniform harmonic, harmonic and harmonic.4。鋪地的拼縫，在質(zhì)感上要粗糙、剛健，以產(chǎn)生一種較強(qiáng)的力感。而砌縫明顯，則易產(chǎn)生漂亮整潔的質(zhì)感，使人感到雅致而愉快。4. Floor of the seam, to rough, impacted on the texture, to produce a feeling of strong force. While QiFeng obvious, easy to produce pretty neat and simple sense, make the person feel elegant and pleasa

30、nt.5。質(zhì)感變化要與色彩變化均衡相稱。如果色彩變化多，質(zhì)感變化就要少一些。如果色彩、紋樣均十分豐富，則材料的質(zhì)感要比較簡(jiǎn)單。5. Texture changes to color balance of proportion. If color change, simple sense change is less. If the color, pattern are very rich, is the simple sense of material is relatively simple.環(huán)境、色彩、圖案以及植物在增添庭園氣氛方面的作用是毋庸置疑的。實(shí)際上，我們選擇使用的各種鋪地材料，對(duì)

31、我們欣賞園林以及在園中的活動(dòng)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。平滑的鋪地會(huì)使我們加快腳步，而粗糙的鋪地則會(huì)使我們的腳步放慢，沙礫和碎石路面則更會(huì)使我們動(dòng)作放緩。高低不平的鵝卵石地面使你小心翼翼，而光滑的巨石則令你望而卻步。選擇不同的鋪地會(huì)對(duì)人們的行為活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生較大影響。在狹小的前庭園，沒有安排停車位，而是選擇用鋪地、植物和巨大光滑圓石來點(diǎn)綴。它們方便打理，經(jīng)久耐用，而且圓石的雕塑效果與冬青綠籬剛好相配。Environment, color, pattern and add garden plants in the role of the atmosphere is indisputable. In fact,

32、 we have chosen to use all kinds of floor materials, for we enjoyed the activity of botanical garden, and in the garden will produce very big effect. Smooth floor will make us to speed up the pace, while the rough floor will make us slow down, sand and gravel pavement are more makes us action is slo

33、w. Rugged pebbles on the ground make you wary of smooth stones to intimidate you. Choose a different floor will have great influence on peoples activities. In front of the small garden, there is no parking space arrangement, choosing instead to use floor, plants, and huge boulder to smooth ornament.

34、 They convenient do, long durability, and round stone sculpture effect and Holly hedge just suitable.四、地面鋪裝的圖案紋樣Four, pavement designs在景觀營(yíng)建中，鋪裝的地面以它多種多樣的形態(tài)、紋樣來襯托和美化環(huán)境，增加園林的景色。紋樣起著裝飾路面的作用，而鋪地紋樣因場(chǎng)所的不同又各有變化。一些用磚鋪成直線或平行線的路面，可達(dá)到增強(qiáng)地面設(shè)計(jì)的效果。通常，與視線相垂直的直線可以增強(qiáng)空間的方向感，而那些橫向通過視線的直線則會(huì)增強(qiáng)空間的開闊感。另外，一些基于平行的形式（如住宅樓板）和一

35、些成一條直線鋪裝的磚或瓷磚，會(huì)使地面產(chǎn)生伸長(zhǎng)或縮短的透視效果。In landscape construction, pavement ground in its various forms, patterns will foil and beautify the environment, increase the view of the garden. Pattern to play the role of a decorative surface, the floor pattern due to the difference of places all have change again.

36、 Some brick paved straight or parallel to the road, to the effect of enhanced ground design. Usually, a vertical straight line with the line of sight can enhance the space sense of direction, and the transverse through the line of sight line will enhance open feeling of the space. In addition, some

37、based on parallel (such as residential floor) and in the form of something into a straight line of pavement brick or tile, the ground causes elongation or shortening of the perspective effect.其他一些形式會(huì)產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的靜態(tài)感。比如，正方形、圓形和六邊形等規(guī)則、對(duì)稱的形狀都不會(huì)引起運(yùn)動(dòng)感，而會(huì)形成寧靜的氛圍，適合鋪裝一些休閑區(qū)域。同心圓那樣的圖案通常是以一些磚頭、鵝卵石等小而規(guī)則的鋪裝材料組成，把這些材料布置

38、在地面或廣場(chǎng)中央會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的視覺效果。表現(xiàn)紋樣的方法有塊料拼花、鑲嵌、劃成線痕、滾花、用刷子刷、做成凹線等。要時(shí)刻注意鋪地對(duì)空間效果的影響。地磚在庭園中橫向交錯(cuò)鋪裝將使庭園顯得寬敞，增加空間感；而用同樣的材料在庭園里縱向鋪裝，則會(huì)出現(xiàn)相反的效果，令庭園變得狹長(zhǎng)。無論使用什么材料，這個(gè)特點(diǎn)都會(huì)十分明顯，所以要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采用不同的方法。Some other form creates a stronger sense of static. For example, a square, circular and hexagonal rules, symmetric shape will not ca

39、use movement, and will form the halcyon atmosphere, suitable for shop some recreational area. Pattern of concentric circles that usually in some bricks, pebbles and other small and rules of pavement materials, decorate the these materials in the ground or square may have strong visual effect. Patter

40、ns of the expression methods have a piece of material, Mosaic, spelling a flower zoned into line mark, knurling, made concave line brush, etc. Always pay attention to the spread between ground-to-air effect. Floor tile horizontally interlaced in the garden shop will make garden looks capacious, incr

41、ease dimensional sense; And with the same longitudinal pavement materials in the garden, will appear the opposite effect, make the garden become narrow. No matter use what material, this feature is very obvious, so adopt different methods according to the actual situation.五、地面鋪裝的尺度、光影效果Five, the sca

42、le of the pavement, light and shadow1。尺度1. scale路面砌塊的大小，拼縫的設(shè)計(jì)，色彩和質(zhì)感等，都與場(chǎng)地的尺度有密切的關(guān)系。比如，大場(chǎng)地的質(zhì)感可粗些，紋樣不宜過細(xì)。而小場(chǎng)地質(zhì)感不宜過粗，紋樣也可以細(xì)些。為不同場(chǎng)所中不同的地面選擇合適的鋪地磚，就和在兩個(gè)鄰近的區(qū)域間適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用對(duì)比和協(xié)調(diào)一樣重要。大的石板鋪裝在面積小的區(qū)域里會(huì)顯得比實(shí)際尺寸大，在一個(gè)小區(qū)域中運(yùn)用過多的裝飾材料也會(huì)使區(qū)域顯得凌亂不堪。Road surface the size of the block, flat-fell seam design, color and texture, et

43、c., are related to the scale of the site has a close relationship. For example, the simple sense of large venues can be thicker, grain appearance should not be carefully. And small ground shoulds not be too coarse texture, grain appearance also can thin some. For different places in different ground

44、 to choose suitable pavement, and in between two adjacent regions are as important as appropriate use of contrast and coordination. Big shop is in the area of small area of tablets will appear larger than actual size, in a small areas using overmuch adornment material also can make the area looks me

45、ssy.2。光影效果2. Light and shadow在我國(guó)古典園林中，早已利用不同色彩的石片、卵石等按不同方向排列，使其在陽光照射下，產(chǎn)生富有變化的陰影，使紋樣更加突出。在現(xiàn)代的新園林中，多用混凝土磚鋪地，為了增加路面的裝飾性，將磚的表面做成不同方向的條紋，同樣能產(chǎn)生很好的光影效果。這種方法在園林鋪地中的應(yīng)用，不需要增加材料，工藝過程簡(jiǎn)單，還能減小路面的反光強(qiáng)度，提高路面的抗滑性能，能收到事半功倍的效果。In Chinese classical garden, already use different color stone, pebbles, etc according to the

46、 different direction, make it under the sun, shadow rich change, make the patterns more outstanding. In the modern new garden, multi-purpose concrete brick floor, in order to increase the decorative surface, the surface of the brick made from different direction of the stripe, also can have very goo

47、d lighting effect. This method application in the garden floor, dont need to increase the material, the technological process is simple, can also reduce pavement reflective strength, improve the anti-sliding performance of pavement, can get twice the result with half the effort.白色或淺色調(diào)的碎石地面效果極好，尤其是用在

48、毗鄰地下室光線較暗的低地庭園，可以用它鋪裝整個(gè)庭園，配上花草和石板路面，也可以與其他材料混用，形成對(duì)照，相互映襯。例如，用黑色地磚或深色鋪地與之相配，形成反差，效果極佳。White or light-colored gravel ground effect very good, especially in the lowland garden adjacent to the dark basement, can use it to shop the entire garden, with flowers and stone pavement, can also be blended with

49、other materials, contrast and set off each other. With black floor tile for example, or brunet floor matching, contrast, excellent results.六、地面鋪裝與其他因素的關(guān)系中國(guó)論文網(wǎng)Six, ground shop net of paper of Chinas relationship with other factors1。地面鋪裝與周圍環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)1. Floor covering coordinated with surrounding environment地面鋪裝是園林景觀營(yíng)建的一部分，其色彩造型紋樣等因素要與其周圍環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，達(dá)到園林設(shè)計(jì)的統(tǒng)一。Floor covering is part of the landscape