2009年英語語法-倒裝句

1、高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第 1 頁 倒裝句 英語句子通常是主語在前，謂語動(dòng)詞在后。但如果謂語動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在主語之前， 這種現(xiàn)象叫倒 裝。部分倒裝和全部倒裝是專對(duì)主語和謂語而言的。謂語的一部分(助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)移到主 語之前，而謂語的其余部分(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)仍保留在主語之后，這種主謂倒裝叫做部分倒裝 (Partial in version )。謂語的所有組成部分都移到主語之前的則稱為全部倒裝( Complete in version )。部分 倒裝句式里是語法上的強(qiáng)制要求， 而完全倒裝則是出于修辭上的需要， 是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(使主語 占據(jù)句尾信息焦點(diǎn)的位置)，使其成為新信息，或者因?yàn)橹髡Z太長，以避免頭重腳輕，

2、或者兩個(gè) 原因兼而有之。 一、全部倒裝 全部倒裝是將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。 此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過 去時(shí)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. 當(dāng)副詞 here, there, away, down, in, now, off, out, up 等位于句首時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run, exist, appear, stand 等。例如： Away went the runners. Down came the rain. Up went the arrow into the air. Here comes the bus! There was a kno

3、ck at the door and in came Mr Smith. There goes the bell! Now comes your turn. Out jumped a tiger from behind the rock. 注意：主語為代詞時(shí)，不能采用全部倒裝。當(dāng)含有 no 的短語位于主語之前時(shí)，主謂要實(shí)行部分 倒裝。例如： Here she comes! Out they came. Away they rushed when they saw the enemy soldiers. Under (In) no circumstances must this door be

4、left open(unlocked). To no one will they admit their guilt. 他們對(duì)任何人都不會(huì)承認(rèn)有罪。 2. 當(dāng)表地點(diǎn)或方位的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)。例如： At the head of the queue was an old woman. We did nt reach the top because it was too hot. All around it is sand. Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns. 3. “ such + be +主語”結(jié)構(gòu). Such

5、was Albert Einstein, a simple but great man. Such are the words. 4. 當(dāng)表語位于句首時(shí)。例如： Very important in the farmers life is the TV weather report. 高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第 2 頁 Gone are the days when we lived in the countryside. Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 5. 直接引語放在句首時(shí)。 If you die, who wi

6、ll get your money ” ? asked Holmes. I don t think so, ” said Holmes. 6. 為了保持句子平衡，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)。 They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 二、部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分， 如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)置于主語之前。 如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞 do, does

7、或 did，并將其置于主語之前。 1 .句首為否定或半否定的詞語 ，女口 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, on no account, in no case, not until 等. Never have I seen such a performanee. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the r

8、oom. Not a single mistake did he make. At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 注意：當(dāng) Not until 引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。 I have n ever see n such a performa nee. The mother did nt leave the room un til the child fell asleep. 典型例題 1) -Why cant I smo

9、ke here -At no time _ in the meeting-room. A. is smok ing permitted B. smok ing is permitted C. smok ing is it permitted D. does smok ing permit 這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)， 其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。本題 的正常語序是 Smok ing is permitted in the meet in g-room at no time. 答案 A. 2) Not un til the early years of the 19th ce

10、n tury what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. did nt man know D. did man know 看到 Not until的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在 C, D 中選一個(gè)。 改寫為正常語序?yàn)椋篗an did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將 not 提前， 后面就不能再用否定了，否則意思就變了。 答案 D。 3) Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. d

11、id nt I realize B. did I realize C. I did nt realize D. I realize 答案為 B. 2. 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝。如 Notonly but also, Hardly/Scarcely when, No soonerthan Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out whe n a stude nt came to visit her. 高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第 3 頁 典型例題 ：No

12、 sooner _ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game bega n B. has the game begu n C. did the game beg in D. had the game begu n 注意:只有當(dāng) Not onlybut also 連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 如果置于句首的 Not onlybut also 僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Not only you but also I am fond of music. 3. sothat 或 suchthat 句型中的 so 或 such位于句首時(shí)

13、，需倒裝. So frighte ned was he that he did not dare to move an in ch. Such a good pers on was my teacher that we all admired her. 4. only 修飾狀語位于句首。 Only in this way can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 Only when he is serious

14、ly ill, does he ever stay in bed. 5. so, neither, nor 作部分倒裝 表示也,也不。 Tom can speak Fren ch. So can Jack. If you wont go, n either will I. 典型例題： -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother -1 dont know, _ . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care n either D. I dont care also nor 為增補(bǔ)意思也不關(guān)心，

15、因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。 A 錯(cuò)在用 dont 再次否定； C. neither 用法不對(duì) 且缺乏連詞；D. also 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。 答案:B. 注意：當(dāng) so 引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí) ，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).意為的確如此. Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -Its rai ning hard. -So it is. 6. as, though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞，畐恫,分詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）. Busy as/though he is, he in sis

16、ts on study ing. 注意:1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞. Child as she is, she knows a lot. 2）句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后； 如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語 ，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在 主語之前。 Try hard as he will, he n ever seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 7. 在含有 were, should, had 的虛擬條件句中，可以省略 if,而把這三個(gè)詞提前。例如： Had you told me earlier, I could have done better. S

17、hould anyone call, tell me in time. 高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第 4 頁 Were I you, I would try it aga in. 8. 在以 often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或頻度副詞 （短語）開頭的句子中，要用部分 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Many a time has Joh n give n me good advice. Ofte n have we made that test.9 .在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. 倒裝練習(xí) 1. Not only _ pol

18、luted but _ crowded. A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; the streets were C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; were the streets 2. Only whe n the war was over _ to his hometow n. A. did the young soldier retur n B. the young soldier retur ned C. retur ned the young soldi

19、er D. the young soldier did retur n 3. On the top of the hill _ . A. does a temple sta nd B. a temple sta nds there C. sta nds a temple D. a temple sta nds 4. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villa

20、gers did realize D. did nt the villagers realize BABA 5. I fin ally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 6. No sooner had he fini shed his talk _ he was surroun ded by the workers. A. as B. then C. than D. whe n 7. From spa

21、ce _ like a huge water covered globe（球體）. A. looks the earth B. does look the earth C. the earth looks D. does the earth look 8. The old couple have bee n married for 40 years and n ever once _ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled 9. I like sports and _ my brother. A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes 10. -Did you enjoy that trip -Im afraid not. And _ . A. my classmates dont either B. my classmates dont too C. n either do my classmates D. n either did my classmates 11. The doctor asked Charlie to