高中英語介詞練習(xí)【含練習(xí)-部分高考題】--講課

1、語法專輯-介詞I.介詞分類：1簡(jiǎn)單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till aft

2、er, in between5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considering（就而論）,including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表示時(shí)間的 in, on, atat表示片刻的時(shí)間，in表示一段的時(shí)間，on總是與日子有美闿表小時(shí)間 since, fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一時(shí)間，和元成時(shí)連用，from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始3表小時(shí)間的in, afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過 去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中4表不地理位直的in, on, to,offin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，

3、to指在某環(huán)境范圍之 外5表小在上 的on, inon只表小在某物的表向上，in表小占去某物 郃分6表/、 穿過 的 through, acrossthrough 表7K從內(nèi)部通過，與 in后關(guān)，across表示在表向上通 過，與on后美7Wtk 關(guān)于 的 about, onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between 與 among的區(qū)別between表tk在兩者之間，among用于二者或二者以上的中間9besides 與 except 的區(qū)另1Jbesides指“除了還有再加上“，except指“除了，減去什么”不放在向nr10表示“用"的in, withwith表示具體的

4、工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語百，聲首11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以地位或身份”， like為“象一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表小位直（靜態(tài)），into表小動(dòng)向，小表小目的地或位 置介詞的句法功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1、作定語： The book on the table is mine.2、作狀語： We have breakfast at seven.（表時(shí)間）；They were late for meeting beca

5、use of the heavy rain.（表 原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表語： My dictionary is in the bag.4、作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I found him in the office.主要介詞區(qū)別1、表布時(shí)間(1)表示時(shí)間的 at, in, on :(2) at 表示片刻的時(shí)間， 如：at 8 o ' clock常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the begin

6、ning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。in 表示段的時(shí)間，如： in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。on 總是跟日子有關(guān)，onMonday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。(2)表示時(shí)間的 since和from :since表示從過去

7、到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.(3)表示時(shí)間的in和after ：兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后，區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”，而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)"，in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如： We ll be back in threedays./ A

8、fter seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如：After two months he returned.2、表示位置11)表示地理位置的in, on, to :in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如： Changchun is in the northeast of China./Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China

9、.(2)表示“在上”的 on和in ： on只表示在某物的表面上，而用 in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is aninteresting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.(3)表示“穿過"的 through 和 across:through表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。如：Waterflows through the pipe./ The old man walked

10、 across the street.(4) in the corner, on the corner, at the corner ：in the corner表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示"在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面， 而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指"在拐角處"，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the cornerof the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of t

11、he table.3、in the end, at the end of, by the end of :in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨(dú)使用，后不接介詞of;at the end of表示“在末梢”，“到盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；by the end of作"在結(jié)束時(shí)“，"到末為止“ 解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：In the end they reacheda place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided

12、 to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.4、表示"關(guān)于"的about和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于"的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述"。如：He came to tell me aboutsomething important./ He wrote a book on science.5、between, among :6、一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三

13、者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your fatherand me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries.在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí) 用 betweeno 如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用betwe

14、en。如：They don ' t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.6、besides, except, but, except for :besides指"除了 還有，再加上"。如：All went out besides me. ; except指“除了,減去什么”,不能放在 句首。如：All went out except me. ;but 與 except意思近似， 表示“除了夕卜“ 經(jīng)常用在 no, all, nobody, anywhere,everything 等和其他疑問詞后面。如

15、： I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ; except for 表示“如 無就，只是“ 表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如： His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。7、表示“用”的in和with :表示工具的“用"，用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、 語言、聲音等的“用”，用in。如：Heis writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil. / We measured it i

16、n pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.8、in charge of 和 in the charge of :兩者都表示“由誰負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理” 。區(qū)別在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而 in the charge of后面 則跟照管的人。如:Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。9、as, like :as作"作為"、"以地

17、位或身份”解。如： Let me speak to you as a father.（事實(shí)是父親）;like作"象一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事實(shí)上不是父親）。10、 in front of 和 in the front of :in front of = before ,是“在前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）;in the front of則是"在前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。 如： There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of

18、 the car.。11、in, into :into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。 如：We walked into the park. ； in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park ； in 和 drop, fall, put, throw, break 等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)， 也可以表示動(dòng)向。如：I have put the coin in （into） my pocket. 我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。by的用法講與練作介詞：1 .在近處；在旁邊standing by the window 站在窗戶旁邊；a table by the bed床邊的桌子2 .經(jīng)；由；從 to

19、enter by the door由門進(jìn)去3 .經(jīng)過旁 He walked by me.他從我旁邊走過。4 .不遲于 By tomorrow he'll be here.他明天就到這兒。5 .被；由 written by Shakespeare 莎士比亞寫的6 .根據(jù)；按照to play by the rules按規(guī)則比賽7 .相差 His horse won by a nose.他的馬以一鼻之差取勝。8 .以方式 She earned money by writing.她靠寫作掙錢。We went by air.我們乘飛機(jī)走。9 .表示相（乘）除（以計(jì)算面積）a room 15 fe

20、et by 20 feet 一間長(zhǎng)20英尺寬15英尺的房間to divide X by Y 用丫除 X10 .逐一；連續(xù) The animals went in 2 by 2.動(dòng)物兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地走進(jìn)去。11 .（指動(dòng)物）由 所生 be bornby作副詞1.通過 Please let me by.請(qǐng)讓我過去。2.附近Do it when nobody is by.等附近沒人時(shí)再做。練習(xí).介詞（一）by的用法：1. Come and sit （我旁邊）.2. （到上星期日）I had finished the book .3. She came home（乘飛機(jī)）.4. Did you make t

21、he desk （自己獨(dú)自）？5. （順便問下 ）,how many people are there in your family?6. It has been turned into water （受熱）.7. （不久以后）,more and more people began to study English .8. The Great Wall was built （用手）.9. Then （逐漸地） ,the smoke grew heavier and thicker until finally it turned into a terrible Genie10. If your

22、son feels well enough to watch TV （至U那時(shí)） ,he ' ll be fine after the game【答案】1. by me 2. By last Sunday 3 . by plane air 4 . by yourself 5. By the way 6 . by the heat11. By and by 8. by hand 9. little by little 10 . by then1. The teacher is writing a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the stu

23、dents are writing ink in exercisebooks.A. with, inB. in, withC. in, inD. with, with2. The worker can make chairs wood, and also can make paper wood.A. from, ofB. of, fromC. of. ofD. from, frommake of與make from 兩者都常用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，表示“某物由.構(gòu)成的”.make of的原材料是看的到的，即平常我們說的物理現(xiàn)象，比如 The chair is made of wood.椅子是有木頭做成

24、的。make from 的原材料是看不到的，比如 Paper is made from the trees.紙張是由木材做成的。是一種化學(xué)變化，從紙上是看不出一棵樹滴。3. Mary dropped in Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in Mr Smith's office.A. on, onB. at, atC. on. atD. at. Ondrop on偶然遇見;drop in順便走訪drop in on sb固定搭配拜訪某人4. The teacher is not only strict

25、his pupils but also strict his own work.A. with, with B.in,inC. in, withD. with, in5. His grandfather died the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grandmother died hungry and cold.A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因），一般用介詞 of.若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造

26、成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因 ），一般用介詞 from。如： die from an earthquake （a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc）死于地震 （交通事故，雷擊等 ）diefrom死于外因，刀劍傷，水火，車禍 die of死于內(nèi)因，疾病，饑餓，干渴6. If you run two hare s you will catch neither.A.into B.afterC.offD. out of7. This is a common mistake students.A. betweenB.over C. among

27、D. about8. My father began to work a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.forB.toC.atD.as9. hearing the news, I was wild joy.A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over1.1 I don' t think Xiao Li is the other students mathematics.A. after, onB. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, atbehind

28、可指代水平能力方面的落后，in就是“在”數(shù)學(xué)這個(gè)方面11. Nobody knows it me.A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but/exceptexcept意為"只有除外 滁去"，后跟名詞或代詞作賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)從整體中除去部分，即except后的部分不 包括在整體之內(nèi)。因此，常和all, everything, no one, nothing等詞一起使用。其判別標(biāo)志是 ：除去的與保留的是“同類項(xiàng)"。except for.是"除了因?yàn)?；要不是 ；除去 一點(diǎn)外"的意思，表示"對(duì)一個(gè)

29、人或事物，先做一個(gè)整體評(píng)價(jià) 然后再就局部提出一點(diǎn)看法 "。即一部分被肯定，另一部分被否定，這就是所謂的"排除否定式"。其判別標(biāo)志是 除去的與保留的"不是同類項(xiàng)"。besides相當(dāng)于as well as,意為"除了以外還有 "，即"除去一部分還有另外一部分"的意思，表示besides后面的部分包括在整體之內(nèi)。No one but her parents it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing d. are knowing答案是Bo這題真正的主語是 No one是第三人稱單數(shù)所以

30、要選B No one才是真正的主語。這個(gè)語法現(xiàn)象叫主謂一致當(dāng)主語有 with , together with , like , except , but, no less than , as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí)，謂 語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教和些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。12. The window is never opened in summer.A. but

31、B. exceptC. except forD. but forbut for總表示“要不是"，與動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣連用；except for總是作“除之外”解，與動(dòng)詞的陳述語氣連用， 關(guān)于but與except兩者都可表示“除 外不再有"，但含義上略有差別：but側(cè)重指意義的 幾乎完整性，而except則側(cè)重指后面除去的部分 ：All are here but one. 除一個(gè)人外大 家都到了。All are here except one. 還有一個(gè)人沒到。還有一個(gè)人沒到。另外，在現(xiàn)代英語中，but的介詞用法十分有限，一般說來，它只能用在下列詞語之后： no, no one,

32、nobody, nothing, nowhere 等any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere等 all, none 等 who, what, where 等 Everyone knows it but you.除你之外大家都知道。 I haven ' t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我沒告訴任何人。 No one but he him showed much interest in it.除他之外沒有一個(gè)人對(duì)此有很大

33、興趣。但是 except 去口沒有以上限制：正： The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天夕卜，這扇窗戶 從不打開。誤：The window is never opened but in summer.13. It happened the Long March.A. during B.inC.atD.for14. We go to schoola bike.A.in B.onC.byD.over15. It's very kind you to repair the bike me.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,fo

34、rD.for,of16. Fresh air is goodyour health.D.toA.atB.forC.oftheir sick mother.17. The boy is waiting his sister and they will go to the hospital to waitA.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.onwait for等待 wait on 服侍 伺候 照顧18. The group is made up five students. And they are studying hard to make up the lost tim

35、e.A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19. The PLA man saved the boy death. 保全 拯救。 stop fromA. of B.fromC.to D.on20. He will come three days.A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned three days.A. inB. beforeC. laterD. afterD.byD.at22. He will return three o'clock.A.afterB.in

36、C.on23. He wrote the articlethree days.A.atB.inC.on1.1 I agree what you said.A.toB.onC.with25. Do you agree this plan (arrangement)?A.at B.with C.on D.to26. Finally they agreed the terms of the contract.A.on B.to C.with D.atagree with表示同意某人或某人的觀點(diǎn)，agree on通過協(xié)商同意，agree to同意或接受某事，尤其是別人提出的事，有時(shí)可能是自己不愿意的事

37、27. Do you often hear your brother?A. ofB. from C. out of D. abouthear of 聽說聽到提起某事直接指其對(duì)象！I will not hear of this business.別跟我再說這事了Hear about聽到關(guān)于某人或某事的消息Do you hear the latest about LiMing?你聽說過李明的最近情況嗎?1.1 1 heard the book long ago, but I have never read it.D.withA. outB.fromC.ofhear of + sb./sth:聽到或

38、知道某人某事物的情況I have never heard of him since he left.自從他離開后，我再?zèng)]聽到過他的消息。I have heard of the song.我曾聽說過這首歌。（注意：這里提及的不是聽到這首歌，而是聽說過這首歌）hear about + sth.:聽到關(guān)於某事物的消息I've just heard about his promotion.我剛剛聽到了他被提升的事。29. The plane flew the city.A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked the Tian An Men

39、 Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. acrossB. throughC.byD.pastwalk through ,固定搭配，意思是沿著.穿過；步行穿過或通過31.I was wanderingA. acrossthe streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.32. Our bus droveB. throughC.bythe Great Hall of the People.D.pastA. acrossB. throughC. pastD.over33.the sun, not

40、hing would grow.A. ForB.WithC. UnderD. Without34. The teacher is busy.withteaching.B.forC.onD.of35. The teacher is busy correcting papers.A. forB.inC.onD.of1 .be busy with sth例如:I am busy with my homework!2 .be busy in doing sth例如:I am busy in doing my homework!36. We left Xi' an _.a very hot su

41、mmer afternoon.A. onB.inC. duringD.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming her.A. butB. exceptC. except forD. without38. His teacher was angry him his being late.A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,aboutbe angry with sb at sthbe angry with sb about sth 者B可以的般 be angry wit

42、h sb 和 be angry at sb 者B有一般只有be angry at sb 后面會(huì)加for再加原因be angry at sth .因某事而生氣get angry at sth.因某事而生氣be angry about sth.因某事而生氣get angry at about sth.因某事而生氣be angry with sb.生某人的氣get angry with sb.生某人的氣be angry at sb. for因.生某人的氣get angry at sb. for 因.生某人的氣make sb. angry 使某人生氣When angry, count a hundre

43、d.諺每當(dāng)動(dòng)怒時(shí)，先要冷靜一下39. My father was disappointed the news.A. byB. aboutC. atD. Onbe disappoint with sb. at sthbe disappointed at / about sth.be disappointed in / with sb40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing October,1998 and came back home the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from41 .My uncle livesA.at

44、;on105 Huanghe Street. His room is the fifth floor.B.to;atC.on;inD.of;to42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem the teacher's help.A sinceB. unlessC. because D. without43. He| is running the wind towards the east of the station . Tom is running the right.A. down; and; on B. agai

45、nst; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; toHe is running against the wind towards the east of the station with Tom running on the right.他正迎著風(fēng)向車站的東面跑去，Tom在他右邊。因?yàn)闆]有說 running down the wind 或for the wind 的。順風(fēng)可以是 with the wind ,不過如果是 while的話，后面就應(yīng)該是 Tom is running 而且，前面說向東，后面說向右，有點(diǎn)不對(duì)。所以不選 D44. In Hang

46、zhou Mr Green was so struck the beauty of nature that he stayed another night.A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45. Many people are still the habit of writing silly things public places.A.at;atB.in;in 有做的習(xí)慣；在公共場(chǎng)合 =in public C.into;ofD.during;at46. - Do you go there bus? - No, we go there a train.A. in

47、; onB.on;onC.by;inD.by; with47. I made the coat my own hands. It was made hand, not with a machine.A. in; inB.in; withC. with; byD. with; withwith表示“用”，還可以表示“和，隨身帶”等、by hand意思是“手工做的，而不是機(jī)器作的”in的話就變成了在手里48. The trees front of the house are the charge of Old Li.A. in; inB. at; inC. in; byD. from; in49.

48、 The old man died cold a cold night.A. from; atB.of;inC.of;onD. for; during一、若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因），一般用介詞 of。如：die of illness （hearttrouble, cancer, a fever, etc）死于疾?。ㄐ呐K病，癌癥，發(fā)燒等 ）二、若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因），一般用介詞from 。如： die from an earthquake （a traffic accident, a lightning, a

49、stroke, etc）死于地震 （交通事故， 雷擊等 ）三、若死因是環(huán)境影響到體內(nèi)，即兩方面共有的原因，則可用 of, from 均可。如：die of from a drink （ a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc）死于飲酒（受傷，勞累過度，饑餓，饑寒等 ）50. Does John know any other foreign languages French?A. exceptB. butC. besidesD. beside51. He looked quite healthy he was the age of

50、seventy.A. when; at B. because; inC. if; forD. though; at52. - How long has the bookshop been in business?-1982.A. AfterB.InC.FromD.Since53. Did you have any trouble the post office?A. to have found B. with findingC. to find D. in findinghave trouble （in） doing sth在方面有困難have trouble with sb/sth和某人相處

51、有矛盾（問題）,做某事不順利（出現(xiàn)問題）54. To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of本句的意思是：實(shí)話告訴你，我與它毫無關(guān)系。have something to do with表示與什么有關(guān)系have nothing to do with表示與什么毫無關(guān)系固定搭配。55. Something must be done to prevent our city by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being poll

52、uted D. polluting56. the students like s the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together withB. likeC. and notD. but in addition to58.Taiwan isthe east of Fuji

53、an.A. inB.atC.toD.on59.His father will be back from London _A.sinceB.in_ a few days.C.onD.after60. We offered him our congratulationshis passing the college entrance examsA.atB.onC.forD.of61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciationA. ofB.asC.to_ the word "right".D.from62. The

54、 train leaves 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station 5:40 p. m. at the latest.A. at; untilB. for; after C.at;byD. before; around63. Go the gate and you' 11 find the entrance the park the other side.A. through; to; on B. along ;of; onC. down; to; at D. up; of; by64. One five will have the cha

55、nce to join in the game.A. withinB. amongC. inD. from65. Because of her devotion music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.A. inB. toC. withD. on66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have color?A. inB. /C. withD. of67. Some people say that we liveA. inB. atthe age of computers.C. withD

56、. for68. -May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green?A. withB. by-Welcome open arms.C. inD. for69.defeated, they didn't lose heart.A. In spite ofB. Except forC. ThoughD. Until70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay hereA. atB. byC. for the end of this year. D. till71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station 5:40p.m.at the latest.A. untilB. afterC. byD. around（'97NMET 11）72. The boy ought to have gone to schoolA. in the morning, atC. in that morning,