名詞性從句講解

1、名詞性從句講解名詞性從句講解在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句 和同位語從句。一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個 名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分）連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接畐【J詞： whe n, where, how, why1. 主語從句（兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，三類連接詞）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)1. 主語從句位于句首：Wha

2、t he wants is a book.Who kept the door ope n all ni ght was unknown.2. 主語從句位于句尾，it作形式主語。(1) It + be + 名詞 + that 從句It ' s a pity that we can ' t go.It ' s no surprise that our team should have wo the game.(2) It + be +形容詞 + that從句.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.(3) It +

3、be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句It is known to all that light travels in straight lin es.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.(4) It +不及物動詞+ that從句注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用 虛擬語氣“ (should) +do，”常用的句型有：It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) t

4、hatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 三類連接詞：1. 連詞 that whetherthat引導的主語從句：引導詞that無含義,在句中不做成分，不可以省。 whether引導的主語從句:whether有含義(是否),在句中不做成分，不可以省。That you will win the medal seems un likely.That she survived the accide nt is a miracle.W

5、hether she is coming or not does nmatter too much.2. 連接代詞 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引導的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分What you n eed is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.3. 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的名詞性從句（其連接副詞有

6、含義，在句中作狀Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn' t been made pubic.Where the En glish eve ning will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.練習1. has helped to save the drow ning girl is worth prais ing.A. WhoB. The oneC. An yo neD. Whoever2. It washe saiddisappo in ted me.A.

7、what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. we' ll go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where4. he said at the meeti ng surprised everybody prese nt.A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter5. he made an importa nt speech at the meeti ng was true.A. That

8、 B. Why C. What D. How6. It is n ecessary that a college stude ntat least a foreig n Ian guage.A. masters B. should master C. masteredD. will master7. What I say and thinknone of your bus in ess.A. isB. are C. has D have8. is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern atio nal la nguage.A.

9、There B. This C. ThatD. It2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從 句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任 何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去， 但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.We must n ever thi nk (that) we are good in ever

10、ythi ng while others are good in no thi ng. 注意：在 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“(should)+動詞原形”例如：I in sist that she (should) do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.2. 用 who ，whom, which, whos

11、e, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句， 應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you. 。She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3. 用 whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句 語序。此外， whether 與 if 在作 “是否

12、”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用 whether ， 不用 if ：a. 引導主語從句并在句首時； b. 引導表語從句時； c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時； d. 從 句后有 “or not 時”； e. 后接動詞不定式時。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而 使用 不同時態(tài)。I know (that) he studies Eng

13、lish every day. (從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過去時)I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來時)I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現(xiàn)在完成時) 當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)( could, would 除外)，從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般 過去時，過去進行時， 過去將來時等； 當從句表示的是客觀真理， 科學原理， 自然現(xiàn)象， 則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：

14、 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中 的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。We don' t think you are here.I don ' t believe he will do so. 練習1. surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violinso well.A. That

15、what B. What that C. That whichD. What which2. Excuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken place heldC. when is the sports meet to begin3. Do you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes4. Where do you think A. has he gone B. has he been C.

16、he's gone5. Do you know A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isB. when is the sports meet going to beD. when the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are hisD. was he

17、D. what the populati on of the world is6. He did n't know which room.A. they livedB. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in7. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. no matter what8. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is,

18、 is sentC. be, was sent D. be, send9. They discussedthey could settle the problem without others' help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether10. He said that he was fond of.A. what beautiful isB. what is beautifulC. beautiful is whatD. what it is beautiful1-5BDACD 6-10 BCADB3. 表語從句1. that引導的表語從句that僅起連接作

19、用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。這種從句往往 對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+that從句。女口:The fact is that we have lost the game.What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unu sually quiet.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morni ng.

20、2. wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句 連接代詞 what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在 從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。如：The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. （who 在從句中作主語）Tom is no Ion ger what he used to be. （what 在從句中作系動詞 be 的表語） 連接副詞when,where,how,why除在句中起連接作用外，在從句子中還充當時間， 地點，方式，原因狀語，本身具有詞義。如：That's where I c

21、an't agree with you. whether引導的表語從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為是否，究竟，到底”注意：if不能引導表語從句）， 在句中也不作任何 成分。The questi on is whether that man will tur n up in time.3. 其他連詞as if,because,as,as though引導的表語從句because 引導表語從句通常只用于 “This/That/It is/was because.結(jié)構(gòu)中。as if/as though引導的表語從句常置于系動詞look，seem, sou nd，be，become等后

22、面，常用 虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。如：The elepha nt feels as if/though he were a wall.It looks as if it is going to rain.4. 主語是表示建議、命令、要求等的名詞，那么表語從句應該用虛擬語氣，即should 后接動詞原形,（should可以省略）。如：His suggesti on is that we （should） climb all the way to the top of the hill. 練習5A. whyB. whenC. whatD. who2.It looks _ it were

23、going to rain.A. even ifB. as ifC. even thoughD.like3.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how4.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why5.What I'm considering now the money we need.A. isB. areC. wereD. was6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work

24、.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such1-6DBCDAC4. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語從句通常由 that 引導，可用于同 位語從句的名詞有 advice、demand、doubt 、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、 news、order 、 problem 、 promise、question 、request、 suggestion、truth 、wish 、word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea whe

25、n he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that 作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省 略； that 引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般 不能省略。 試比較下面兩個例句 :The news that we won the game is exciting. （that 引導同位語從句，不能省略）The news that he told me is exciting. （ t

26、hat 引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） 練習1. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we goB. we will go C. should we goD. that we go2. The fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. what C. that D. how3. Now there is a danger the ground may fall in （ 沉下） under the heavy

27、traffic.A. whetherB. ifC. XD. that4. Last Sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. ifB. thatC. that ifD. whether1-4DCDC 名詞性從句1. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. Experts believe people can waste less

28、 food by shopping only when it isnecessary.A. why B. where C. that D. what3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you may be to victory.A. how B. that C. which D. where4. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. WhicheverD. Wherever5. It ' good