Book3_U1_語法

1、名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 名詞性that-從句 1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。例如： 主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。 賓語：John said that

2、he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。 同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他，這一情況令辦公室所有的人不安。 形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對工作滿意我感到很高興。 2）That-

3、從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句 1）yes-no型疑問從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如： 主語：Whether

4、the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。 賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。 表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。 同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值

5、得信賴。 形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。 介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。 2）選擇性疑問從句 選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whetheror not構(gòu)成。例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。 I d

6、on't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。 練習(xí)一、單項選擇：1. Evidence came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.A. which B. what C. that D. when2. I havent decided _ hotel to stay at.A. which B. what C. at which D. where3. _surprises most of us

7、.A. Wolves are afraid of usB. The fact that wolves afraid menC. The fact that wolves are afraid of menD. Wolves afraid of men4. The announcement _all flight were cancelled because of bad weather greatly distressed the waiting passengers.A. that B. which C. why D. of which5. The question is _can be p

8、ut into practice.A. how you have learnedB. how what you have learnedC. that why you have learnedD. how that you have learned6. A hinge joint is _ permits the forwards and backward movement of a door.A. that B. what C. those D. which7. One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that _.A. it a

9、ppeals differently to peopleB. different people are appealedC. it appeals to many different peopleD. people find it appealing to them very much8. A more important question is _these ideas are well or ill founded.A. where B. when C. how D. whether9. I think it is _you are doing too much.A. because of

10、 B. because C. because that D. because for10. No one could understand _.A. that he was talking about B. what he was talking aboutC. he was talking about D. which he was talking11. I knew nothing about his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months.A. if B. in that C. except that D. which12.

11、 The fact _ doctors recommend that children with hypertension drink coffee is surprising.A. what B. is that C. that D. of13. _ is no reason for discharging her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes being lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes l

12、ate14. I have no doubt _ he will overcome all his difficulties.A. whether B. when C. that D. if15. The old gentleman never fails to help _is in need of his help.A. who B. whoever C. one D. whomever16. “Is there any particular dessert you would like have?” “_ you select is all right with me .”A. What

13、ever B. Which C. That D. Whichever17. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A. That B. What C. How D. Since18. _is his own decision.A. When he is leaving B. When he leavesC. When does he leave D. He leaves19. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ s

14、he had gone.A. of where B. of the place C. the place D. the place where20. _ is of no concern to us.A. It rain or not B. If or not it rainsC. Whether it rains or not D. Will it rain or not二、用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空：(what, that, who, whom, whose, which, how, when, where, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, howe

15、ver, whenever, wherever, whether, why, because)1. _ he said has nothing to do with this task.2. _ breaks the law deserves a fine.3.Take _ much you want whenever you want to.4.The question remains _ we should accept their invitation.5.Free movie tickets will be sent to _ come first.6. She is in doubt

16、 _ she accepts your advice.7. I don't doubt _ he'll come.8. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.9. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.10. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.三、中譯英：1.我想知道50年后我們的生活會是什么樣子的。 _2

17、.我們贏得了辯論賽,話題是關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該允許克隆人類。_3.你相信那個賊去年在北京市偷了好多自行車嗎？_4.我不相信你們班長明天會來。_5.我們隊贏得了比賽，這一消息讓我們很興奮。 _四、改錯：1. If she comes or not doesnt concern me.2. Whoever was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.3. We never doubt whether he is honest.4. You must give it back to whomever is the owner of it.5.

18、 I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.6. The fact is what he didnt notice the car until too late.7.The reason why he was late was because he didnt catch the early bus.8. Your brothers health is not which it used to be.9. Obviously there was little probability which they would succeed, but they didnt mind.10. The proposal has been put forward what the flight should be cancelled.Key一、單項選擇1-5 CACAB 6-10 BCDBB11-15 C