【精品】高一英語下冊 Unit21 Body language(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊

1、Reference for Teaching一、異域風情.The American Eye BehavioursAmericans are careful about how and when they meet one another's eyes.In their normal conversation,each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both individuals look away.When two Americans look searchingly into each other's

2、 eyes,emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes more intimate.Therefore,they carefully avoid this,except in appropriate circumstances.Proper street behaviour in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention.You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to sh

3、ow that you're aware of his presence.If you look too little,you appear haughty or secretive;too much and you're inquisitive.Usually what happens is that people eye each other until they are about eight feet apart.At which point both cast down their eyes.In England the polite listener stares

4、at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest.That eye-blink says nothing to Americans,who expect the listener to nod or to murmur somethingsuch as“mm-hum.”Americans abroad sometimes find local eye behaviours hard to interpret.Such complaints can often be heard:“P

5、eople there were disturbing.They stared right at me on the street;they looked me up and down.I kept wondering if I was uncombed or unzipped.”They don't know that people in some places think nothing of staring at others on the street.美國人對如何以及何時進行目光接觸是較為認真的。在通常的交談中，他們每次目光接觸往往持續(xù)不過約1秒鐘，然后便有一方或雙方轉(zhuǎn)移視線

6、。如果兩個美國人探究地望著彼此的眼睛，其感情便會升溫，其間的關(guān)系便會更為親密。因此除非在適當?shù)膱龊?，他們小心避免這樣的目光接觸。形體語言：美國人的眼睛行為在美國得體的路遇行為是保持注意與不注意間的平衡。你應(yīng)當正視迎面而來的路人但時間長短的掌握要以能表明你意識到雙方的出現(xiàn)為準。如果你投去的目光過于短促，你會顯得目中無人或有所遮掩；但如果你投去的目光過長，你則會顯得有些過于好奇了。通常美國人看著對方直至彼此相距約8英尺(約2.5米)遠，然后雙方都會垂下眼簾。在英國，禮貌的聽者會認真地注視講話者并不時眨眨眼睛表示感興趣。但眨眼對美國人來說并不意味什么，他們希望聽者點頭或發(fā)些呣，嗯之類的聲音表示興趣。

7、出國在外的美國人有時發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋當?shù)厝说难凵瘛Ｋ麄兂３１г梗骸澳莾旱娜苏孀屓诵臒?。他們在大街上就那么盯著我；他們上上下下打量我。我總懷疑自己是不是沒梳頭或沒系好拉鎖?！彼麄儾恢烙行┑胤降娜瞬⒉挥X得在大街上盯著他人看有什么不妥。.Body Language in AmericaGestures are the “silent language”of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the bod

8、y language of every country or we may be misunderstood.In the United States,people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak,it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder.Som

9、e people,usually women,greet a friend with a hug(緊抱).Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other,they usually stand about two and a half feet(69 centimetres)away and at an angle,so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too clo

10、se.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident,they say,“Pardon me,”or“Excuse me.”Americans like to look the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don't do so,it means you are bored,hiding something,or are not interested.But when you star

11、e at someone,it is not polite.For Americans,“thumbs up”means yes,very good,or well done.“Thumbs down”means the opposite.To call a waiter,raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check,make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at

12、 things but not at people with the hand and index finger(食指).Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing.If you don't know what to do,the safest thing to do is to

13、smile.二、知識歸納(一)go ahead 的用法1.前進，往前走(go forward)e.g.They went ahead to see what had happened.他們往前走看發(fā)生了什么事。Go straight ahead till you see the entrance.一直往前走，直到你看到入口為止。2.先走(go first)e.g.You can go ahead and tell them I'm coming.你可以先走一步，并告訴他們我就來了。They went ahead of us to clear the road.他們走在我們前面，清除路上

14、的障礙。3.取得進展(make progress)e.g.The girl is going ahead fast.這個女孩取得的進步很快。Everything is going ahead well.一切進展得很順利。4.繼續(xù)下去(go on with sth.)常與介詞with連用e.g.Please go ahead with your story;we're all listening.請繼續(xù)講你的故事，我們都在聽。Go ahead with your concert.繼續(xù)演奏你的音樂會吧。5.毫不猶豫地進行(preceed without hesitation)一般用于祈使句

15、中，根據(jù)句意靈活翻譯，表示鼓勵對方做某事，意思是“請吧”“說下去”，“請盡管用”等。e.g.I wonder if I could use your phone?我能用一下你的電話嗎？Sure.Go ahead.好的，請盡管用。A:May I ask you a question?我可以問你個問題嗎？B:Yes,go ahead.可以，你問吧。If you think you can deal with that problem,just go ahead.如果你認為你能處理那個問題，請盡管干吧。(二)不定式與動名詞作主語的比較不定式與動名詞作為非謂語動詞的一部分，是高中的一項重點語法項目。但

16、不定式與動名詞作主語的異同很難辨別，現(xiàn)就這一問題進行比較、歸納。1.不定式與動名詞作主語時，其意義沒有多大差別，一般可以互換。e.g.It's a pleasure to meet you.見到你很高興。It's a pleasure meeting you.見到你很高興。2.但在實際使用中，其選擇取舍，主要依據(jù)以下原則：(1)不定式作主語一般表示某個特定的、比較具體的動作；而動名詞作主語則表示某個抽象的、泛指的動作。e.g.It is bad manners to stare at a foreign guest.盯著外國人看是不禮貌的。Learning a foreign

17、language is very useful to me.學(xué)習外語對我來說是很有用的。To make a plan first is a good idea.首先制定計劃是個好主意。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃多了對身體不好。(2)在口語中，用動名詞作主語置于句首的情況較不定式多。(2)在疑問句中，一般用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。e.g.Does our saying that mean anything to him?(正)Does for us to say that mean anything to him?

18、(誤)我們說這話，對他能起作用嗎？(4)在句型It is+表示否定的形容詞(-less)或名詞(no good,on use)后，一般多用動名詞作主語，而不用不定式。e.g.It's useless studying English without practice.學(xué)習英語而不實踐是無用的。It's no use talking about it.談那事是無用的。(5)在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動名詞作主語，而不用不定式。e.g.There is no holding back the wheels of history.歷史的車輪不容倒轉(zhuǎn)。(6)在“主-系-表”結(jié)構(gòu)中

19、，主語和表語所采用的非謂語形式要一致，即：表語是不定式時，主語也用不定式；表語用動名詞時，主語也用動名詞。e.g.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼見為實。(7)在“It is worth while”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式或動名詞作主語均可，沒有什么差別。e.g.It is worth while discussing(to discuss)the question.討論一下這個問題是值得的。Trying(To try)the experiment is worth while.這個實驗值得試一試。三、詞語辨析(一)meet/meet with1.

20、meet 意為“碰見”“遇見”“見到”。e.g.I'm glad to meet you.很高興見到你。He had never met a foreigner who spoke such perfect chinese.他從來沒有遇見一個能說這樣好的漢語的外國人。而meet with則強調(diào)“偶然遇到”“碰到”(come across;meet sb.by chance)e.g.I have met with this word many times in my reading.我在閱讀中多次碰到這個詞。I had not seen him for years but met wit

21、h him in the street yesterday.我?guī)啄隂]見他了，但昨天在街上碰到了他。2.表示主動地去“接”或“迎接”要用meet。e.g.I'll meet my uncle at the station.我將到車站接我叔叔。I'm to meet the seven o' clock train.我去接7點鐘的火車。而表示“遭到”“遭遇”(后接抽象名詞)，“受到”(=to receive)要用meet with。e.g.He met with an accident when riding a bike.他在騎車時遇到了意外事故。We met with

22、a warm reception.我們受到了熱情的接待。3.表示一般性的“會見”“約見”“見面”，常用meet。e.g.I didn't care to meet these people.我不愿見這些人。I must be off.I'm meeting a comrade from Beijing at six.我得走了，我6點要會見一位北京來的同志。但表示較正式的“會見”“會晤”，常用meet with。e.g.He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他會見了日本首相一個小時。4.meet 還有“應(yīng)付”“滿足

23、”“適應(yīng)”等意義，還可構(gòu)成習語make both ends meet (使收支平衡，維持生活)。e.g.They didn't know how to meet the situation.他們不知道如何應(yīng)付這一局面。We must try our best to meet the demand of the market.我們必須盡力滿足市場的需求。They could hardly make both ends meet in the past.過去他們簡直無法維持生活。(二)tear(at)/tear down/tear up1.tear為“撕，扯”意思，但tear可用于及物或不

24、及物動詞(常與at連用，只表“撕，扯”動作本身，并未言及結(jié)果)。試比較：Why did you tear the cloth when I had advised you to cut it with scissors?為什么我勸你用剪子剪，你卻把布扯了。He is tearing at something.他在扯什么東西。(并未言及結(jié)果)2.tear down短語動詞，“拆毀，撕下”。e.g.They are tearing down the old houses to make way for a new road.他們正在拆除那些舊房子，以便修一條新路。He tore down the

25、notice.他撕掉了那個布告。3.tear up短語動詞“撕碎，撤銷”。e.g.She tore up the letter as soon as she had read it.她看完信后就把它撕碎了。He told the lawyer to tear up the old contract and prepare a new one.他告訴律師撤銷舊合同，制訂一份新的。另外，tear up 還有“(連根)拔起”之意。e.g.An elephant can tear up a tree by the roots.大象能把一棵樹連根拔起來。(三)China/Chinese/China

26、9;s/of China代表國家的專有詞“China,China's,Chinese及of China”都可修飾名詞，但用法又有所不同。首先我們對這四個詞做一個分析，China既可作名詞又可作形容詞，作名詞時意為“中國”，作形容詞時意為“中國的，中國產(chǎn)的”；Chinese同樣既可用作名詞，又可用作形容詞，作名詞時意為“中國人，漢語，中文”，作形容詞時意為“中國的，中國人的，漢語的，中文的”；China's是China作名詞時的所有格形式；of China是China作名詞時與of構(gòu)成的“of-結(jié)構(gòu)”，作名詞的后置修飾語，它們都可以修飾名詞，其主要區(qū)別如下：1.China與Chi

27、nese(1)兩者均可修飾名詞，并常構(gòu)成名詞固定短語，表示特殊意義。China表示“中國產(chǎn)的，來自中國的，中國土生土長的”或“在中國流行式樣的”，一般指來源。e.g.China silk中國絲綢China tea中國茶China rose月季花另外，也有些詞已形成單獨一個詞。e.g.China town中國城，唐人街但用Chinese時，一般指“與中國(人)有關(guān)的或具有中國(人)特點的”，側(cè)重于“具有中國特色的”，更多地是指文化方面，多用于人文。e.g.Chinese calendar農(nóng)歷，陰歷Chinese classics中國古典文學(xué)(2)當China與Chinese與后面的名詞構(gòu)成固定短

28、語時，有時兩者可互用。e.g.China ink=Chinese ink墨China wood oil=Chinese wood oil 桐油但有時用China 或Chinese意義不同。e.g.China policy 指其他國家的對華政策American China policy 美國對華政策Chinese policy 中國人自己所實行的政策(3)China及Chinese均可構(gòu)成專有名詞e.g.China Daily 中國日報China Centre Television 中央電視臺Chinese Academy of Science 中國科學(xué)院the Chinese Olympic

29、Committee 中國奧委會(4)Chinese除能構(gòu)成固定名詞短語及專有名詞之外，還具有普通形容詞的兩種意思：a.“中國的、中國人的、中文的”e.g.Chinese characters 漢字Chinese food 中國食物b.“中國風味的”eg.Chinese dishes 中國菜a Chinese room 中國式建筑或房間布置2.China's與Chinese的用法比較(1)兩者都有“中國的”之意，但用China's時，一般把國家作為眾人構(gòu)成的集合體看待，并常用擬人用法。e.g.China's reform 中國改革China's foreign t

30、rade 中國對外貿(mào)易而Chinese一般只是表達“中國的，中文的”等形容詞意義。e.g.a Chinese girl 一個中國女孩(2)有時在同一名詞前用China's或Chinese時意義不同。e.g.China's chi-pao 中國生產(chǎn)的旗袍Chinese chi-pao 中國式樣的旗袍(不一定中國生產(chǎn))3.China's及of China(1)China's一般用于人文或與人文有關(guān)的場合，而of China一般用于構(gòu)成所有格，表示所有關(guān)系。我們一般用the map of China而不用China's map。(2)of China還常構(gòu)成一

31、些專有名詞e.g.the Communist Party of China 中國共產(chǎn)黨the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國the People's Bank of China 中國人民銀行注意當涉及到固定短語及專有名詞，在判斷用哪一種形式時，應(yīng)以字典為據(jù)。四、能力訓(xùn)練(一)單句改錯1.He shook hand eagerly with me.答案：可改為：He shook hands eagerly with me.或：He shook me eagerly by the hand.或:He shook my hand eagerly.

32、“和握手”，有三種表示法，shake hands with sb.,shake sb.by the hand,shake sb's hand.2.Don't forget locking the door.答案：應(yīng)改為：Don't forget to lock the door.因為“forget to do sth.”意思是“忘記去做某事”，而“forget doing sth.”意思是“忘記做過某事”。3.I mean going to the exhibition.答案：應(yīng)改為：I mean to go to the exhibition.因為“mean to d

33、o sth.”意思是“打算做某事”或“有意要做某事”，而“mean doing sth.”意思是“意味著”4.“Shall I help you?”“No,you shan't.”答案：應(yīng)改為“Shall I help you?”“No,thanks/thank you.”因為“拒絕別人的幫助時”要用“No,thanks.I can manage it myself.”或“Thank you.I can manage”來表示。而且回答由“Shall I (we)?Would/Will you?Could you?”表示征求意見的問語時，不用shall,would(will),could作答。5.Soon it began raining hard.答案：應(yīng)改為：Soon it began to rain hard.因為“begin/start to do sth.”和“begin/start doing sth.”一般情況下區(qū)別不大，可以互換，但在下列三