2012屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀能力綜合培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練集（九十九）

1、2012屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀能力綜合培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練集（九十九）AThere is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,a familiar disease.Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.For s

2、ome years,the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families,namely dietary salt(i.e.,sodium chloride),has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory.These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals.Some individuals,however

3、,and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure.No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early deat

4、h.These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution. By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large qua

5、ntities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly.In contrast,by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed. The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible.They

6、 provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension.More important,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for it

7、s appearance.Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism. 1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out _.a.as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of saltb.to explore the l

8、ong-term use of a sodium based substancec.because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressured.because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives 2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their _.a.need for sodium 22 b.rate of matingc.reaction

9、to saltd.type of blood 3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to _.a.control high blood pressureb.cure high blood pressure caused by saltc.tell the "S" rats from the "R" ratsd.determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like 4.The most beneficial results of

10、 the research might be _.a.development of diets free of saltb.an early cure for high blood pressurec.control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressured.the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims 5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?a.When

11、 salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.b.The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure. c.The medical field is desperately in need of research.d.A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.答案：acdddB"Culture shock" occurs as result of total immer

12、sion in a new culture.It happens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,or understand people's behavior in daily life.The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes&qu

13、ot;,that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes.The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger.The notion of "culture shock" helps explain f

14、eelings of bewilderment and disorientation.Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel.When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar,such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends

15、,difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise. ".when an individual enters a strange culture,he or she is like fish out of water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture.When this happens visitors may want to rej

16、ect everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture.Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with(if only temporatily)the value of the new country.This may occur as an att

17、empt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it.1.The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests _.a.people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new cultureb.a fish can not survive without waterc.people away from their cultur

18、e experience mental isolationd.people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment 2.In order to identify with the new environment,some people may _.a.give an exaggerated picture of their own countryb.criticize the positive aspects of their own countyc.abandon their original beliefsd

19、.accept a temporary set of values 3.Which of the following statements is true according to the author? a.Perplexity results in culture shock.b.A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion.c.Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety.d.Culture shock happens to foreign students only. 4.Newcomer may

20、 worry about _.a.their ignorance of the alien customsb.their knowledge of "Yes" in the native languagec.their understanding of friendship d.their control of their behavior 5.When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cope whith,he is most likely to feel _.a.unins

21、uredb.deprivedc.alienatedd.baffled答案：cdadbcCSocial change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present

22、in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening

23、more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undis

24、puted. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less ba

25、sic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For

26、example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their wh

27、ite counterparts. 1.The passage is mainly discussing _ .a.the necessity of social changeb.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurc.two different societiesd.certain factors that promote social change 2._ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.a.Joint

28、interest b.Different points of viewc.Less emotional people d.Advanced technology 3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?a.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.b.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow

29、down social change.c.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.d.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young. 4.The expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to _ .a."greater willingness to accept social chan

30、ge"b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances" c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior" d."geeater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas" 5.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways b

31、ecause _ . a.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeb.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficultyc.people there are easy to pleased.people there are less disputed答案：bbbcaDCourses with the numbers 800 or above are open only to graduate students.Certain courses,generally those devoted to introductory material,are numbered 400 for undergraduate students and 600 for graduate students. Courses designed for students seeking a professional degree carry a 500 number for undergradua